Israel’s decision to attack Iran on June 13, 2025, was a culmination of factors, including Iran’s proximity to nuclear breakout and its decades of anti-Israel and anti-Western rhetoric. With Iran’s military reach diminished by the Israel-Hamas War as well as the faltering of nuclear deal negotiations with the United States, the timing of June 13, 2025, was especially apt for Israel to conduct military strikes that exploit Iran’s vulnerability, minimize risk to Israel, and avoid a loss of support by the United States.
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