Bāvand Dynasty, (665–1349), Iranian dynasty that ruled Ṭabaristān in what is now northern Iran. The Bāvands ruled, sometimes independently and at other times as vassals of various Islāmic dynasties, over an area delimited by the Caspian Sea and the Elburz Mountains. The geographic isolation of

Venda, a Bantu-speaking people inhabiting the region of the Republic of South Africa known from 1979 to 1994 as the Republic of Venda. The area is now part of Limpopo province, and is situated in the extreme northeastern corner of South Africa, bordering on southern Zimbabwe. The Venda have been

The Andy Griffith Show: …and housekeeper, Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier).

David al-Mukammas was a Syrian philosopher and polemicist, regarded as the father of Jewish medieval philosophy. A young convert to Christianity, al-Mukammas studied at the Syriac academy of Nisibis but became disillusioned with its doctrines and wrote two famous polemics against the Christian

Chen Kaige: Farewell My Concubine follows the lives of two Peking opera actors, Cheng Dieyi (played by Leslie Cheung) and Duan Xiaolou (Fengyi Zhang), from their youth and rigorous training in the 1920s to the years after the traumatic Cultural Revolution. Starring the much-loved actress Gong Li…

Moungi Bawendi is a French-born American chemist who was awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in producing quantum dots, which are very small particles whose unusual quantum properties depend on their size. He shared the prize with Russian-born American physicist Alexei Ekimov

Moungi Bawendi is a French-born American chemist who was awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in producing quantum dots, which are very small particles whose unusual quantum properties depend on their size. He shared the prize with Russian-born American physicist Alexei Ekimov

Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk was an Austrian economist and statesman and a leading theorist of the Austrian school of economics. After graduating from the University of Vienna, Böhm-Bawerk worked in the Austrian Ministry of Finance (1872–75) and was allowed by the ministry to study at several German

Bawon Samdi, in Vodou, the father of the spirits (lwa) of the dead. Bawon Samdi is considered to be wise because he holds knowledge of the dead and the outer world. The first male buried in a cemetery is said to become the manifestation of Bawon Samdi, guardian of the cemetery; the first female

Mahamudu Bawumia is a Ghanian economist, banker, and politician affiliated with the New Patriotic Party (NPP). He served as vice president of Ghana from 2017 until 2025. Bawumia was a candidate in the presidential election held on December 7, 2024: he was defeated by John Mahama of the National

Sir Arnold Bax was a British composer whose work is representative of the neoromantic trend in music that occurred between World Wars I and II. In 1900 he entered the Royal Academy of Music where he studied the piano. Influenced by the Celtic Revival and Irish poetry, he wrote in 1909 the symphonic

Baxian, heterogeneous group of holy Daoists, each of whom earned the right to immortality and had free access to the Peach Festival of Xiwangmu, Queen Mother of the West. Though unacquainted in real life, the eight are frequently depicted as a group—bearing gifts, for instance, to Shouxing, god of

Piscataquis: …Baxter State Park, rises to Baxter Peak (5,269 feet [1,606 metres]), the highest point in the state and the northern terminus of the 2,100-mile (3,400-km) Appalachian National Scenic Trail. Other public lands are Lily Bay and Peaks-Kenny state parks, Gero Island, and the Allagash Wilderness Waterway. Major forest types are…

Maine: Cultural life: …include the state’s largest park, Baxter State Park, a wilderness area of more than 310 square miles (800 square km) surrounding Mount Katahdin; the 95-mile (153-km) Allagash Wilderness Waterway; Camden Hills State Park, which includes Mount Megunticook (1,380 feet [421 metres]); and more than 100 other state parks and historic…

Cape Town: Cultural life: The Baxter Theatre, opened in 1977 on the campus of the University of Cape Town, contains a theatre, a concert hall, and a studio theatre and stages as many as 1,000 performances a year.

Andrew Baxter was a Scottish metaphysical rationalist who maintained the essential distinction between matter and spirit, resisting the more advanced British epistemology of his century. Having gone to Utrecht in the Netherlands as tutor to two young gentlemen in 1741, he went on an excursion to

All About Eve: …and that starred Bette Davis, Anne Baxter, and George Sanders. The movie received six Academy Awards, including that for best picture.

George Baxter was an English engraver and printer who invented a process (patented 1835) of colour printing that made reproductions of paintings available on a mass scale. He was the son of John Baxter (1781–1858), printer and publisher at Lewes, who issued the popular illustrated “Baxter” Bible.

James K. Baxter was a poet whose mastery of versification and striking imagery made him one of New Zealand’s major modern poets. Educated in New Zealand and England, he first published Beyond the Palisade (1944), which displayed youthful promise. Blow, Wind of Fruitfulness (1948), superficially a

James K. Baxter was a poet whose mastery of versification and striking imagery made him one of New Zealand’s major modern poets. Educated in New Zealand and England, he first published Beyond the Palisade (1944), which displayed youthful promise. Blow, Wind of Fruitfulness (1948), superficially a

Michael McDonald: Career: In 1975 Jeff Baxter, a guitarist for the Doobie Brothers, recommended that McDonald temporarily replace the band’s lead singer, Tom Johnston, who was ill at the time, on tour. The band was so impressed with McDonald’s musicianship that it invited him to become a full-time member. In…

George Baxter: He was the son of John Baxter (1781–1858), printer and publisher at Lewes, who issued the popular illustrated “Baxter” Bible. George Baxter went to London in 1827. There he supplied colour illustrations to the publisher George Mudie and produced prints for the London Missionary Society. Although he sold his work…

Richard Baxter was a Puritan minister who influenced 17th-century English Protestantism. Known as a peacemaker who sought unity among the clashing Protestant denominations, he was the centre of nearly every major controversy in England in his fractious age. Baxter was ordained into the Church of

pottery: Porcelain: …old factory was executed by Thomas Baxter, who used marine shells as a subject.

Irving Cummings: …Old Arizona, an adventure starring Warner Baxter as the Cisco Kid. For his work, Cummings earned an unofficial Academy Award nomination. In 1931 he reteamed with Baxter on The Cisco Kid. Other notable films from this period include the crime dramas Man Against Woman (1932) and The Night Club Lady…

bay, in architecture, any division of a building between vertical lines or planes, especially the entire space included between two adjacent supports; thus, the space between two columns, or pilasters, or from pier to pier in a church, including that part of the vaulting or ceiling between them, is

bay, concavity of a coastline or reentrant of the sea, formed by the movements of either the sea or a lake. The difference between a bay and a gulf is not clearly defined, but the term bay usually refers to a body of water somewhat smaller than a gulf. Numerous exceptions, however, are found

bey, title among Turkish peoples traditionally given to rulers of small tribal groups, to members of ruling families, and to important officials. Under the Ottoman Empire a bey was the governor of a province, distinguished by his own flag (sancak, liwa). In Tunis after 1705 the title become

bay tree, any of several trees with aromatic leaves, especially the sweet bay, or bay laurel (Laurus nobilis; family Lauraceae), source of the bay leaf used in cooking. Native to the Mediterranean region, sweet bay is an attractive evergreen tree that can reach as many as 18 metres (60 feet) in

baseball: Records and statistics: …Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO). Bonds testified before a grand jury that he had never knowingly taken steroids, but accusations of steroid use dogged his pursuit of Aaron’s career home run record, and in 2007 he was indicted for perjury and obstruction of justice regarding his testimony. Bonds, however,…

San Francisco: Transportation: …interurban rapid-transit system known as BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit), which began operating in 1972. With service between San Francisco and surrounding communities through an underwater tube more than 3.6 miles (5.8 km) long, BART was the first system of its sort—part subway and part elevated—to be built in half…

Chesapeake Bay: The William Preston Lane, Jr., Memorial Bridge spans the upper bay near Annapolis, Maryland. It was opened to traffic in 1952 and is 4 miles (6.4 km) long. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel was completed across the lower bay in 1964. The bay forms part of the…

Bay Bridge, complex crossing that spans San Francisco Bay from the city of San Francisco to Oakland via Yerba Buena Island. One of the preeminent engineering feats of the 20th century, it was built during the 1930s under the direction of C.H. Purcell. It opened to traffic on November 12, 1936. The

Bay City, city, seat (1857) of Bay county, east-central Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Saginaw River near the river’s outlet into Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), about 13 miles (21 km) north of Saginaw. Settlers from the United States began to arrive in the area in the 1830s; Bay City originated as a

San Francisco: City site: …the state legislature created the Bay Conservation and Development Commission to control further landfill projects. At its widest extent the bay measures 13 miles (21 km) across; its deepest point, 357 feet (109 metres), is in the Golden Gate, a narrow channel between the peninsula and Marin county to the…

pochard, (tribe Aythyini), any of the 14 to 16 species of diving ducks of the tribe Aythyini (family Anatidae, order Anseriformes), often called bay ducks. Pochards are round-bodied, big-headed, rather silent birds of deep water; they dive well, with closed wings, to feed chiefly on aquatic plants.

duiker: callipygus), bay duiker (C. dorsalis), and white-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster). The white-bellied duiker prefers broken-canopy and secondary forest with dense undergrowth, the black-fronted duiker has elongated hooves adapted to the swampy forest it prefers, and the bay duiker is nocturnal, lying low during the day while…

Bay Islands, group of small islands of northern Honduras. The main islands are Utila, Roatán, and Guanaja. They have an area of 101 square miles (261 square km) and lie about 35 miles (56 km) offshore in the Caribbean Sea. The main islands were first sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1502 and were

bay tree, any of several trees with aromatic leaves, especially the sweet bay, or bay laurel (Laurus nobilis; family Lauraceae), source of the bay leaf used in cooking. Native to the Mediterranean region, sweet bay is an attractive evergreen tree that can reach as many as 18 metres (60 feet) in

bay laurel, (Laurus nobilis), fragrant evergreen species of the family Lauraceae, the source of the cooking herb bay leaf. Bay laurel is native to the Mediterranean region but now widely cultivated in other regions of the world. In ancient Greece the wreath of honour placed upon the heads of heroes

bay leaf, leaf of the sweet bay tree (Laurus nobilis), an evergreen of the family Lauraceae, indigenous to countries bordering the Mediterranean. A popular spice used in pickling and marinating and to flavour stews, stuffings, and fish, bay leaves are delicately fragrant but have a bitter taste.

bobcat, (Lynx rufus), bobtailed North American cat (family Felidae), found from southern Canada to southern Mexico. The bobcat is a close relative of the somewhat larger Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). A long-legged cat with large paws, a rather short body, and tufted ears, the bobcat is 60–100 cm

Diane Wakoski: Vegas (1995), Argonaut Rose (1998), Bay of Angels (2013), and Lady of Light (2018). The Butcher’s Apron (2000) features poems about food. Wakoski also published several essay collections.

J.M.W. Turner: Middle years: A comparison of The Bay of Baiae, with Apollo and the Sibyl (1823) with any of the earlier pictures reveals a far more iridescent treatment resembling the transparency of a watercolor. The shadows are as colourful as the lights, and he achieves contrasts by setting off cold and…

Gulf of Honduras, wide inlet of the Caribbean Sea, indenting the coasts of Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize. It extends from Dangriga (formerly Stann Creek), Belize, southeastward to La Ceiba, Honduras, a straight-line distance between the two localities of about 115 miles (185 km). The gulf

Shirley Hazzard: …of the Holiday (1966) and The Bay of Noon (1970), are elegiac love stories set in Italy (her adopted second home); the latter work was short-listed for the National Book Award for fiction. A collection of character sketches, People in Glass Houses (1967), satirizes the intricate idealistic world of the…

Bay of Pigs invasion, (April 17, 1961), abortive invasion of Cuba at the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs), or Playa Girón (Girón Beach) to Cubans, on the southwestern coast by some 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro. The invasion was financed and directed by the U.S. government. Within six

Bay of Plenty, regional council, eastern North Island, New Zealand. It encompasses the narrow 100-mile (160-km) stretch of lowlands fronting the Bay of Plenty and extends from Matakana Island eastward to Cape Runaway. The Rangitaiki, Whakatane, and Motu rivers drain northward into the bay. The

bay owl, (Phodilus badius), uncommon and atypical Asian owl classified with the barn owls (family Tytonidae). It has a heart-shaped facial disk, which has two earlike extensions that aid sound reception. The bay owl lives in Southeast Asia and is entirely nocturnal and retiring. The Congo bay owl

Bay Psalm Book, (1640), perhaps the oldest book now in existence that was published in British North America. It was prepared by Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on a press set up by Stephen Day, it included a dissertation on the lawfulness and

bay tree: The bay rum tree, or simply bay (Pimenta racemosa), has leaves and twigs that, when distilled, yieldoil of bay, which is used in perfumery and in the preparation of bay rum; it is a member of the family Myrtaceae.

Bay Saint Louis, city, seat (1860) of Hancock county, southern Mississippi, U.S. It lies along Mississippi Sound (an embayment of the Gulf of Mexico) at the entrance to St. Louis Bay, 58 miles (93 km) northeast of New Orleans, Louisiana. The site was part of a 1789 Spanish land grant to Thomas

Massachusetts, constituent state of the United States of America. It was one of the original 13 states and is one of the 6 New England states, lying in the northeastern corner of the country. Massachusetts (officially called a commonwealth) is bounded to the north by Vermont and New Hampshire, to

California laurel, (Umbellularia californica), aromatic evergreen tree of the laurel family (Lauraceae). It occurs on the Pacific coast of North America from Oregon to California and grows about 15 to 25 metres (50 to 80 feet) tall. A handsome tree, it is often grown in gardens and along avenues.

bay tree, any of several trees with aromatic leaves, especially the sweet bay, or bay laurel (Laurus nobilis; family Lauraceae), source of the bay leaf used in cooking. Native to the Mediterranean region, sweet bay is an attractive evergreen tree that can reach as many as 18 metres (60 feet) in

Fabergé egg: The Orange Tree (1911; also called Bay Tree), one of the larger pieces, had an egg that was more than 10 inches (25 cm) tall. Nephrite and various gems were used to create the leaves, flowers, and berries of the tree, while the trunk stood in…

bay window, window formed as the exterior expression of a bay within a structure, a bay in this context being an interior recess made by the outward projection of a wall. The purpose of a bay window is to admit more light than would a window flush with the wall line. A bay window may be

Josephine Holt Perfect Bay was an American financier, the first woman to head a member firm of the New York Stock Exchange. Josephine Perfect grew up in Brooklyn, New York. After graduating from Brooklyn Heights Seminary and attending Colorado College from 1918 to 1919, she became active in various

Laguna de Bay, lake, the largest inland body of water in the Philippines, on Luzon just southeast of Manila. Probably a former arm or extension of Manila Bay cut off by volcanism, Laguna de Bay (Spanish: “Lake Bay”) has a normal area of about 356 square miles (922 square km) and is about 32 miles

Michael Baius was a theologian whose work powerfully influenced Cornelius Jansen, one of the fathers of Jansenism. Baius was educated at the Catholic University of Leuven (Louvain), where he studied philosophy and theology and held various university appointments. In about 1550, with the theologian

bay tree: …twigs that, when distilled, yieldoil of bay, which is used in perfumery and in the preparation of bay rum; it is a member of the family Myrtaceae.

sandbar: …the mouth of a bay; bay-head bars occur at the heads of bays, a short distance from shore.

sandbar: Bay-mouth bars may extend partially or entirely across the mouth of a bay; bay-head bars occur at the heads of bays, a short distance from shore.

hawk: …other buteos are the following: Harris’s, or the bay-winged, hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), a large black bird with inconspicuous brown shoulders and flashing white rump, is found in South America and northward into the southwestern United States. The broad-winged hawk (B. platypterus), a crow-sized hawk, gray-brown with a black-and-white-banded tail, is…

tabla: Structure and composition: The larger, bass-pitched baya (bahina or bayan, meaning “left”), played generally with the left hand, is a deep kettledrum, usually made of copper, though variants in wood or clay also exist. It measures about 10 inches (25 cm) in height with a drum face about 8 inches (20…

Daura: …of western Africa relates that Bayajida (Abuyazidu), a son of the king of Baghdad, killed Sarki, the fetish snake at the town’s well, and married the reigning Daura queen. Their descendants became the seven rulers of the Hausa Bakwai (The Seven True Hausa States). Daura thus became a Hausa state…

Bayamo, city, eastern Cuba. It lies on the Bayamo River, a major tributary of the Cauto River. It was founded as San Salvador de Bayamo in 1513. In colonial times Bayamo was one of Cuba’s most important cities, and it was the scene of several uprisings, including the independence movement of 1895.

Bayamón, town, northeastern Puerto Rico, part of the metropolitan area of San Juan (10 miles [16 km]) northeast) and the island’s second most populous city. Puerto Rico’s first settlement, Caparra, was founded in the area in 1508 by the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León. Bayamón was established

Bayan was a powerful Mongol minister in the last years of the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty (1206–1368) of China. His anti-Chinese policies heightened discontent among the Chinese, especially the educated, and resulted in widespread rebellion. In the early years of the reign (1333–68) of the emperor

Azalī: …original teachings of the Bāb’s Bayān (“Revelation”) and supplemented them with the instructions of Ṣobḥ-e Azal. Numerically they have remained considerably outnumbered by the Bahāʾīs. See also Bāb, the.

tabla: Structure and composition: The larger, bass-pitched baya (bahina or bayan, meaning “left”), played generally with the left hand, is a deep kettledrum, usually made of copper, though variants in wood or clay also exist. It measures about 10 inches (25 cm) in height with a drum face about 8 inches (20…

Qinghai: Land: …of the province extend the Bayan Har (Bayankala) Mountains (a spur of the Kunlun Mountains), which help delineate the northern limit of the Plateau of Tibet region in Qinghai and serve as the watershed of the headwaters of the Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). In the…

Inner Mongolia: Resources and manufacturing: …are rich iron-ore deposits at Bayan Obo (Baiyun Ebo), about 75 miles (120 km) north of Baotou, and Inner Mongolia has one of the world’s largest deposits of rare-earth metals—some two-thirds of known reserves. Coal, mined near Baotou and at other locations, is in thick seams and easy to extract,…

Choybalsan, town, eastern Mongolia, on the Kerulen River. First a monastic centre and later a trading town on the Siberia–China route, it was named to honour Khorloghiyin Chojbalsan, a communist hero of the 1921 Mongolian revolution. With the construction of a branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway

Qinghai: Land: …of the province extend the Bayan Har (Bayankala) Mountains (a spur of the Kunlun Mountains), which help delineate the northern limit of the Plateau of Tibet region in Qinghai and serve as the watershed of the headwaters of the Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). In the…

Celâl Bayar was the third president of the Turkish Republic (1950–60), who initiated etatism, or a state-directed economy, in Turkey in the 1930s and who after 1946, as the leader of the Democrat Party, advocated a policy of private enterprise. The son of a mufti (Muslim jurist), Bayar attended a

Celâl Bayar was the third president of the Turkish Republic (1950–60), who initiated etatism, or a state-directed economy, in Turkey in the 1930s and who after 1946, as the leader of the Democrat Party, advocated a policy of private enterprise. The son of a mufti (Muslim jurist), Bayar attended a

Mongolia: Political developments: …month, as prime minister by Sanjaagiin Bayar, who had served as ambassador to Russia in 2001–05.

Louis Sullivan: Later work of Louis Sullivan: His 12-story Bayard (now Condict) Building in New York City was embellished with molded terra-cotta and cast-iron ornament.

John Quincy Adams: Break with the Federalists of John Quincy Adams: …and sent Albert Gallatin and James Bayard to act as commissioners with Adams, but England would have nothing to do with it. In August 1814, however, these men, with Henry Clay and Jonathan Russell, began negotiations with English commissioners that resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on…

Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard was a French soldier known as le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche (“the knight without fear and without reproach”). Bayard was born into a noble family, nearly every head of which for two centuries past had fallen in battle. He accompanied King Charles VIII of

Thomas Francis Bayard was an American statesman, diplomat, and lawyer. Bayard was a member of a distinguished family. He was directly descended from the French hero the Seigneur de Bayard and from Ann Bayard, a sister of the Dutch governor of New Amsterdam (New York) Peter Stuyvesant. His

vacuum technology: Hot-filament ionization gauge: Bayard-Alpert hot-filament ionization gauge. In this ionization gauge, the cross section of the collector is reduced to minimum to reduce the X-ray effect. This is achieved by inverting the gauge—that is, the collector (a fine wire) is surrounded by the grid. The pressure range covered…

Bayezid I was an Ottoman sultan in 1389–1402 who founded the first centralized Ottoman state based on traditional Turkish and Muslim institutions and who stressed the need to extend Ottoman dominion in Anatolia. In the early years of Bayezid’s reign, Ottoman forces conducted campaigns that

Bayezid II was an Ottoman sultan (1481–1512) who consolidated Ottoman rule in the Balkans, Anatolia, and the eastern Mediterranean and was the first Ottoman sultan challenged by the spread of the Safavid empire of Persia. Bayezid II was the elder son of the sultan Mehmed II, the conqueror of

Baybars I was the most eminent of the Mamlūk sultans of Egypt and Syria, which he ruled from 1260 to 1277. He is noted both for his military campaigns against Mongols and crusaders and for his internal administrative reforms. The Sirat Baybars, a folk account purporting to be his life story, is

bayberry, any of several aromatic shrubs and small trees of the genus Myrica in the bayberry family (Myricaceae), but especially M. pennsylvanica, also called candleberry, whose grayish waxy berries, upon boiling, yield the wax used in making bayberry candles. The California bayberry, or California

bayberry: …the wax used in making bayberry candles. The California bayberry, or California wax myrtle (M. californica), is used as an ornamental on sandy soils in warm climates.

Yemen: Two Yemeni states: …politicians and technocrats led by ʿAlī Sālim al-Bayḍ and Ḥaydar Abū Bakr al-ʿAṭṭas. It was this element of the YSP that undertook the negotiations that brought about the unity of the two Yemens. The ability of the new leadership to build popular political support and to revive the faltering development…

tafsīr: (1075–1143), al-Rāzī (1149–1209), al-Bayḍāwī (d. 1280), and al-Suyūṭī (1445–1505). Commentaries continue to be compiled at the present time; Muslim modernists, for example, have used them as a vehicle for their reformist ideas.

Zāwiyat al-Bayḍāʾ, town, northeastern Libya. It is a new town lying on a high ridge 20 miles (32 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. Built in the late 1950s on the site of the tomb of Rawayfī ibn Thābit (a Companion of the Prophet Muhammad), it was planned as the future national capital. Although

Al-Bayḍāʾ, town, south-central Yemen. It is situated on a high plateau and, until the unification of the two Yemen states in 1990, was part of North Yemen (Sanaa), though it lay near the disputed frontier with South Yemen (Aden). The town, formerly known as Bayḥān Umm Rusās, was the historic

Maḥmūd Ghāzān: Early life.: …(1291–95), were cool; those with Baydū, the latter’s cousin, who dethroned him and usurped the throne, came to open war. After a first encounter, followed by a truce and parley, Ghāzān spent the summer of 1295 in the mountains north of present-day Tehrān, where, on the advice of Nawrūz, with…

Bayer, German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825–80), who was a chemical salesman, and Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821–76), who owned a dye company. Company headquarters, originally in Barmen (now Wuppertal), have been in Leverkusen, north of Cologne, since

Bayer, German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825–80), who was a chemical salesman, and Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821–76), who owned a dye company. Company headquarters, originally in Barmen (now Wuppertal), have been in Leverkusen, north of Cologne, since

Michael Ballack: In 1999 Ballack joined Bayer Leverkusen, where he broke through to become one of the elite players in Germany. While he earned his first German Footballer of the Year award in 2002, that year ultimately proved to be one of frustrating near triumphs for Ballack and his teammates: Bayer…

alumina: …extracted from bauxite through the Bayer process, which was developed for the aluminum industry in 1888. In the Bayer process bauxite is crushed, mixed in a solution of sodium hydroxide, and seeded with crystals to precipitate aluminum hydroxide. The hydroxide is heated in a kiln in order to drive off…

Friedrich Bayer was a German businessman who founded the chemical firm that became the world-famous Bayer AG (q.v.). Bayer served an apprenticeship with a firm dealing in chemical products, and he quickly advanced to become the deputy of the owner. He soon established his own business dealing in

Gizi Bajor was a Hungarian actress known not only for her magnetic charm and attractiveness but also for her craftsmanship and versatility. Bajor graduated into the National Theatre from the Academy of Theatrical Art in 1914 and was associated with that theatre throughout her career, becoming a

Rus: …by such German historian-philologists as Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738) and August Ludwig von Schlözer (1735–1809); Bayer was an early member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. These two relied on The Russian Primary Chronicle, an account written in the 12th century and covering the period 852 to 1110; it…