Orrin Hatch: …would make it illegal to burn the American flag, but it failed by one vote. He also worked to set restrictions on class-action lawsuits and to curb medical malpractice suits, sponsoring bills to that effect in 2004 and 2009, respectively. In addition, he was a vocal critic of the Patient…

American literature: The influence of Raymond Carver: …of the drugs-and-Vietnam generation, and A Flag for Sunrise (1981) was a bleak, Conradian political novel set in Central America. Stone focused more on the spiritual malaise of his characters than on their ordinary lives. He wrote a lean, furious Hollywood novel in Children of Light (1986) and captured some…

Scientology: Organization of the church: The Flag Service Organization in Clearwater, Florida, is responsible for providing instruction for OT levels VI and VII. The related Flag Ship Service Organization, located aboard the ship Freewinds, provides OT-VIII training. Knowledge of the exact content of the OT-level training is not freely available but…

Scientology: Organization of the church: The related Flag Ship Service Organization, located aboard the ship Freewinds, provides OT-VIII training. Knowledge of the exact content of the OT-level training is not freely available but is restricted to church members who undergo the training. OT-level training is reserved for those who are concerned with…

flagbird, any of the six-plumed birds-of-paradise. See

flagellum, hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms. Flagella, characteristic of the protozoan group Mastigophora, also occur on the gametes of algae, fungi, mosses, slime molds, and animals. Flagellar motion causes water currents

flagellants, medieval religious sects that included public beatings with whips as part of their discipline and devotional practice. Flagellant sects arose in northern Italy and had become large and widespread by about 1260. Groups marched through European towns, whipping each other to atone for

Grigori Rasputin: …he was introduced to the Khlysty (Flagellants) sect. Rasputin perverted Khlysty beliefs into the doctrine that one was nearest God when feeling “holy passionlessness” and that the best way to reach such a state was through the sexual exhaustion that came after prolonged debauchery. Rasputin did not become a monk.…

protozoan: Flagellar propulsion: Flagellar propulsion is employed during some stages in the life cycles of certain amoebae, including the vegetative phase of some genera, such as Mastigamoeba and Mastigella. The eukaryotic flagellum is a membrane-bound, whiplike structure found not only in protozoans but in animals as well (such…

flagellate, (subphylum Mastigophora), any of a group of protozoans, mostly uninucleate organisms, that possess, at some time in the life cycle, one to many flagella for locomotion and sensation. (A flagellum is a hairlike structure capable of whiplike lashing movements that furnish locomotion.)

flagellation, in religion, the disciplinary or devotional practice of beating with whips. Although it has been understood in many ways—as a driving out of evil spirits, as purification, as a form of sadism, and as an incorporation of the animal power residing in the whip—none of these

Piero della Francesca: Mature period: …the late 1450s Piero painted The Flagellation of Christ, the intended location of which is still debated by scholars. Its lucid perspectival construction contrasts with treatment of the subject wherein Christ is relegated to the background while three unidentified figures dominate the foreground. The content of the picture has indeed…

pollination: Mammals: …dangle beneath the crown (flagelliflory). The pagoda shape of the kapok tree serves the same purpose: facilitation of the bat’s approach. Characteristics of the flowers themselves include drab color, large size, sturdiness, bell-shape with wide mouth and, frequently, a powerful rancid or urinelike smell. The giant saguaro cactus and…

scleroprotein: …(spongin) and corals (gorgonin, antipathin); flagellin, a structural protein in the whiplike structures (flagella) of certain bacteria; and reticulin, found with elastin and collagen in mammalian skin. See also collagen; keratin.

flagellum, hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms. Flagella, characteristic of the protozoan group Mastigophora, also occur on the gametes of algae, fungi, mosses, slime molds, and animals. Flagellar motion causes water currents

Attila was the king of the Huns from 434 to 453 (ruling jointly with his elder brother Bleda until 445). He was one of the greatest rulers among those groups that the Romans referred to as barbarians. Attila assailed the Roman Empire by invading the southern Balkan provinces and Greece and then

flageolet, wind instrument closely related to the recorder. Like the recorder, it is a fipple, or whistle, flute—i.e., one sounded by a stream of breath directed through a duct to strike the sharp edge of a hole cut in the side of the pipe. The name flageolet—which comes from the Old French

speech: The basic registers: …by a fourth register, the flageolet or whistle register of the highest coloratura sopranos. The Italian term falsetto simply means false soprano, as in a castrato (castrated) singer. Hence, the normal female cannot have a falsetto voice.

Benedict Joseph Flaget was an influential figure in the development of the Roman Catholic church in the United States. Flaget entered the Sulpician Society, was ordained in 1786/87, and taught theology. He was one of several Sulpicians sent in 1792 to establish the first Roman Catholic seminary in

Ella Flagg Young was an American educator who, as Chicago’s superintendent of schools, became the first woman to achieve that administrative status in a major American school system. Young graduated from the Chicago Normal School in 1862 and taught primary school before becoming principal of the

James Montgomery Flagg was an American illustrator, poster artist, and portrait painter known for his illustrations of buxom girls and particularly for his World War I recruiting poster of a pointing Uncle Sam with the caption “I Want You” (see Uncle Sam). The poster was reissued during World War

alarm signal: …common in mammals, is “flagging,” the lifting of the tail to reveal its white undersurface. The white fur shows only in fright situations when the animal raises its tail as it bounds away. Biologists do not agree about the exact meaning of this common mammalian alarm response. While the…

Henry M. Flagler was an American financier and partner of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., in establishing the Standard Oil Company. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. About 1850 Flagler became a grain merchant in Bellevue, Ohio, where he met Rockefeller and

Henry M. Flagler was an American financier and partner of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., in establishing the Standard Oil Company. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. About 1850 Flagler became a grain merchant in Bellevue, Ohio, where he met Rockefeller and

hydrocarbon: Cycloalkanes: …boat brings its two “flagpole” hydrogen atoms to within 1.80 angstroms of each other, far closer than the 2.20-angstrom distance at which repulsive forces between hydrogen atoms become significant. At room temperature, 999 of every 1,000 cyclohexane molecules exist in the chair form (the other being skew).

Flags are among the most identifiable and recognizable objects in the world. They have been used for thousands of years, initially mainly as military banners. In that context they were—and to some extent remain—insignia of leadership, serving to identify friend or foe and as rallying points.

Sartoris, novel by William Faulkner, published in 1929 as a shortened version of a novel that was eventually published in its entirety in 1973 under the original title Flags in the Dust. Disproportionate and sometimes emotionally overwrought, Faulkner’s third novel was the last of his apprentice

The table contains images of the Australian national flag and of the flags of Australia’s six states and two territories. Larger images of the flags can be viewed by clicking on individual flags. Articles on the country, the states, and the territories and on their respective flag histories can be

The table contains images of the Canadian national flag and of the flags of Canada’s 10 provinces and 3 territories. Larger images of the flags can be viewed by clicking on individual flags. Articles on the country, the provinces, and the territories and on their respective flag histories can be

Clint Eastwood: 2000 and beyond: …the World War II films Flags of Our Fathers (2006) and Letters from Iwo Jima (2006), both of which focus on the Battle of Iwo Jima. The latter, told from the Japanese perspective, was nominated for several Oscars, including best director and best film.

The table contains images of the United Kingdom’s national flag and of the flags of the four constituent units and three crown possessions. Larger images of the flags can be viewed by clicking on individual flags. Articles on the country, the constituent units, and the crown possessions and on

The table contains images of the U.S. national flag and of the flags of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Larger images of the flags can be viewed by clicking on individual flags. Articles on the country, the states, and the district (Washington, D.C.) and on their respective flag

charismatic megafauna: Characteristics and types: …are sometimes known as “flagship species,” meaning that they are often used in photographs, media spots such as television and Internet advertisements, and other promotional materials as ambassadors or public symbols for particular habitats or conservation efforts. One of the best-known flagship species is the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca),…

marketing: The history of retailing: …serves as a mall’s retail flagship, which is the primary attraction for customers. In fact, few malls can be financed and built without a flagship establishment already in place.

Kirsten Flagstad was the greatest Wagnerian soprano of the mid-20th century. Flagstad came from a family of professional musicians and studied singing in Oslo, where, after her operatic debut there in 1913, she worked principally as a light soprano, singing oratorio, opera, and operetta. In 1928

Flagstaff, city, seat (1891) of Coconino county, north-central Arizona, U.S. The San Francisco Peaks are immediately north of the city, which is encircled by the Coconino National Forest. Lumberjacks celebrating the 4th of July, 1876, nailed a U.S. flag to the top of a tall ponderosa pine and

sedimentary rock: Bedding structure: Flagstone breaks in smooth, even layers a few centimetres thick and is used in paving. Thin, nearly horizontal lamination is characteristic of many ancient beach sandstones. Bedding surfaces of sandstones may be marked by ripples (almost always of subaqueous origin), by tracks and trails of…

Auguste, count de Flahaut de la Billarderie was a French army officer and diplomat, better remembered for his exploits in love affairs than for his public service. At the time of his birth, his mother, Adèle Filleul, was the wife of the Comte de Flahaut, but Charles was generally recognized to be

Canadian Federal Election of 2011: Second term: The following day Finance Minister Flaherty introduced the revised federal budget, which projected the first deficit since the 1997–98 fiscal year. The budget document also predicted that the federal government would remain in a deficit for at least four years before returning to balanced budgets. Projected future deficits included $33.7…

Robert Flaherty was an American explorer and filmmaker, often referred to as the father of the documentary film. When he was a boy, Flaherty’s family moved to Canada, and as he grew up he explored and photographed vast regions of the country’s northern territory. His first film, Nanook of the North

Robert Flaherty was an American explorer and filmmaker, often referred to as the father of the documentary film. When he was a boy, Flaherty’s family moved to Canada, and as he grew up he explored and photographed vast regions of the country’s northern territory. His first film, Nanook of the North

Ennio Flaiano was an Italian screenwriter, playwright, novelist, journalist, and drama critic who was especially noted for his social satires. He became a leading figure of the Italian motion-picture industry after World War II, collaborating with writer Tullio Pinelli on the early films of writer

flail, ancient hand tool for threshing grain. It consists of two pieces of wood: the handstaff, or helve, and the beater, joined by a thong. The handstaff is a light rod several feet long, the beater a shorter piece. With a flail, one man could thresh 7 bushels of wheat, 8 of rye, 15 of barley, 18

Charlotte Flair is an American professional wrestler with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), known for her athleticism and regal persona as well as for holding the record for most women’s world championships in WWE history as of 2023. The daughter of legendary wrestler Ric Flair (byname of

Charles Van Lerberghe: …work, the macabre prose drama Les Flaireurs (1889; “The Trackers”), owes much to Henrik Ibsen. Though it was later disowned by its author, Les Flaireurs (together with one of Maeterlinck’s early works) marks the beginning of the Symbolist “theater of anguish.”

armour: The return of body armour: …that conflict wore heavy “flak jackets” designed to protect against fragmentation from air-defense guns.

armour: The return of body armour: …that conflict wore heavy “flak jackets” designed to protect against fragmentation from air-defense guns.

flake tool, Stone Age hand tools, usually flint, shaped by flaking off small particles, or by breaking off a large flake which was then used as the tool. Whenever they were available, prehistoric man preferred to use flint and similar siliceous stones, both because of the ease with which they could

Jeff Flake is an American Republican politician who represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate (2013–19). He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (2001–13). In 2021, Flake became the U.S. ambassador to Turkey. Flake grew up on his family’s cattle ranch in Snowflake, an Arizona town

Jeff Flake is an American Republican politician who represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate (2013–19). He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (2001–13). In 2021, Flake became the U.S. ambassador to Turkey. Flake grew up on his family’s cattle ranch in Snowflake, an Arizona town

Opal Lee’s life has been defined by one date: June 19. Meet Opal Lee Lee became widely known in the 21st century as the “Grandmother of Juneteenth” for her role in having the date—when Union soldiers arrived in Texas in 1865 to tell the enslaved people of the state of that the Emancipation

cereal processing: Flaked cereals: Wheat and rice flakes are manufactured, but most flaked breakfast foods are made from corn (maize), usually of the yellow type, broken down into grits and cooked under pressure with flavouring syrup consisting of sugar, nondiastatic malt, and other ingredients. Cooking is often…

art conservation and restoration: Paintings on canvas: …a condition variously called “cleavage,” “flaking,” “blistering,” or “scaling.” The traditional method to address these problems is to reinforce the back of the canvas by attaching a new canvas to the old in a process called “lining,” also referred to as “relining.” A number of techniques and adhesives have…

tactical weapons system: Surface-to-air systems: The Swiss Flakpanzer antiaircraft tank uses a three-man crew to operate the tank, its radar-controlled firing system, and twin 35-millimetre guns that fire at the rate of 1,100 rounds per minute. Shipboard systems are essentially similar. The Italian Albatros system utilizes the existing fire-control system for a…

Ranulf Flambard was the chief minister of King William II Rufus of England (ruled 1087–1100). Of Norman origin, Ranulf was made keeper of the seal for King William I the Conqueror about 1083, and during the reign of William II he became royal chaplain, chief adviser, and, for a time, chief

sang de boeuf, a glossy, rich, bloodred glaze often slashed with streaks of purple or turquoise used to decorate pottery, particularly porcelain. The effect is produced by a method of firing that incorporates copper, a method first discovered by the Chinese of the Ming dynasty, probably during the

Flamborough Head, chalk promontory, East Riding of Yorkshire geographic county, historic county of Yorkshire, England, where the Yorkshire Wolds project 4 miles (6 km) into the North Sea. The northern cliffs, 400 feet (120 metres) in elevation, are a breeding ground for seabirds; their extremity is

Lin-Manuel Miranda: …Puerto Rico to benefit the Flamboyan Arts Fund, a nonprofit he founded after Hurricane Maria (2017) to ensure support for the arts. He had been active in causes on behalf of Puerto Rico throughout his career. A filmed performance of Hamilton aired on television in 2020.

Flamboyant style, phase of late Gothic architecture in 15th-century France and Spain. It evolved out of the Rayonnant style’s increasing emphasis on decoration. Its most conspicuous feature is the dominance in stone window tracery of a flamelike S-shaped curve. Wall surface was reduced to the

Flamboyant style, phase of late Gothic architecture in 15th-century France and Spain. It evolved out of the Rayonnant style’s increasing emphasis on decoration. Its most conspicuous feature is the dominance in stone window tracery of a flamelike S-shaped curve. Wall surface was reduced to the

royal poinciana, (Delonix regia), strikingly beautiful flowering tree of the pea family (Fabaceae). It is native to Madagascar, and it has been widely planted in frost-free regions for its large scarlet to orange flowers and its shade. It is a rapid grower, attaining a height of 6 to 12 metres (20

flame, rapidly reacting body of gas, commonly a mixture of air and a combustible gas, that gives off heat and, usually, light and is self-propagating. Flame propagation is explained by two theories: heat conduction and diffusion. In heat conduction, heat flows from the flame front, the area in a

azalea: Major species: …to 20 feet) high; the flame azalea (R. calendulaceum), a shrub 0.5 to 2 metres (1.5 to 6.5 feet) high; and the pinxter flower (R. periclymenoides), a shrub 1 to 2 metres (3 to 6.5 feet) high, with pink to whitish flowers. Hundreds of horticultural forms have been bred, including…

nephridium: …the hollow cell, called a flame bulb (or flame cell) if it possesses cilia, or a solenocyte if it has a flagellum. In either form, the cilia or the flagellum wave filtered urine down the tube to the outside.

nephridium: …the hollow cell, called a flame bulb (or flame cell) if it possesses cilia, or a solenocyte if it has a flagellum. In either form, the cilia or the flagellum wave filtered urine down the tube to the outside.

burning bush: bush (see Bassia), as is Combretum microphyllum, the flame creeper of Mozambique, a rambling shrub with scarlet flower spikes.

alkali metal: History: …sample was inserted into a flame). They suggested the presence of a new alkali element and called it cesium, derived from the Latin caesius, used to designate the blue of the sky. The same researchers, on extracting the alkalies from the mineral lepidolite, separated another solution, which yielded two spectral…

firework: …classes of fireworks: force-and-spark and flame. In force-and-spark compositions, potassium nitrate, sulfur, and finely ground charcoal are used, with additional ingredients that produce various types of sparks. In flame compositions, such as the stars that are shot out of rockets, potassium nitrate, salts of antimony, and sulfur may be used.…

combustion: Premixed flames: …zone is usually called the flame front.

Gabriele D’Annunzio: …erotic novel Il fuoco (1900; The Flame of Life). D’Annunzio’s greatest play was La figlia di Iorio (performed 1904; The Daughter of Jorio), a powerful poetic drama of the fears and superstitions of Abruzzi peasants.

chromatography: Gas chromatographic detectors: The flame photometric detector measures the intensity of light with a photometric circuit. Solute species containing halogens, sulfur, or phosphorus can be burned to produce ionic species containing these elements and the ions sensed by electrochemical means.

bargello work: …the flamelike gradation of colour, flame stitch; its 17th-century name was Hungarian stitch.

flame thrower, military assault weapon that projects a stream of blazing oil or thickened gasoline against enemy positions. As used in World War II and later wars it consisted basically of one or more fuel tanks, a cylinder of compressed gas to supply the propelling force, a flexible hose connected

Verneuil process, method for producing synthetic rubies and sapphires. Originally developed (1902) by a French chemist, Auguste Verneuil, the process produces a boule (a mass of alumina with the same physical and chemical characteristics as corundum) from finely ground alumina (Al2O3) by means of

chromatography: Gas chromatographic detectors: …type of detector is the flame-ionization detector, in which the gas stream is mixed with hydrogen and burned. Positive ions and electrons are produced in the flame when organic substances are present. The ions are collected at electrodes and produce a small, measurable current. The flame-ionization detector is highly sensitive…

acoustics: Modern advances: The flame-tube device, used to render standing sound waves “visible,” is still one of the most fascinating of physics classroom demonstrations. The English physical scientist John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, carried out an enormous variety of acoustic research; much of it was included in his…

alchemy: Latin alchemy: …famous was the Paris notary Nicolas Flamel (1330–1418), who claimed that he dreamed of an occult book, subsequently found it, and succeeded in deciphering it with the aid of a Jewish scholar learned in the mystic Hebrew writings known as the Kabbala. In 1382 Flamel claimed to have succeeded in…

flamen, in ancient Rome, a priest devoted exclusively to the worship of one deity; the name derives from a root meaning “he who burns offerings.” Of the 15 flamines, the most important were Dialis, Martialis, and Quirinalis, who served Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, respectively. Chosen from the

Roman religion: Priests: Jupiter’s priest, the flamen dialis, was encompassed by an extraordinary series of taboos, some dating to the Bronze Age, which made it difficult to fill the office in historic times.

flamen: In imperial times, flamines Divorum (“priests of the Gods”) were instituted for the worship of deified emperors both in Rome and in the empire’s outlying provinces, where they often served as important representatives of the central government.

romance: The Tristan story: … and in the Provençal romance Flamenca (c. 1234), in which it is treated comically.

flamenco, form of song, dance, and instrumental (mostly guitar) music commonly associated with the Andalusian Roma (Gypsies) of southern Spain. (There, the Roma people are called Gitanos.) The roots of flamenco, though somewhat mysterious, seem to lie in the Roma migration from Rajasthan (in

flamen, in ancient Rome, a priest devoted exclusively to the worship of one deity; the name derives from a root meaning “he who burns offerings.” Of the 15 flamines, the most important were Dialis, Martialis, and Quirinalis, who served Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, respectively. Chosen from the

flamen: In imperial times, flamines Divorum (“priests of the Gods”) were instituted for the worship of deified emperors both in Rome and in the empire’s outlying provinces, where they often served as important representatives of the central government.

Sergey Prokofiev: Foreign period of Sergey Prokofiev: …continued work on the opera The Flaming Angel, after a story by the contemporary Russian author Valery Bryusov. The opera, which required many years of work (1919–27), did not find a producer within Prokofiev’s lifetime.

Molotov cocktail, a crude bomb, typically consisting of a bottle filled with a flammable liquid and a wick that is ignited before throwing. It is named for Vyacheslav Molotov, the foreign minister of the Soviet Union during and after World War II, though Molotov was not its inventor. It is also

Green River: …city, Wyoming, it cuts through Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area, where it is impounded to form a large reservoir. It continues through eastern Utah, with a loop into northwestern Colorado, on through the Canyon of Lodore in Dinosaur National Monument and back into Utah. It then flows generally southwest past…

Miley Cyrus: Bangerz, Plastic Hearts, and Endless Summer Vacation: …part with the rock band the Flaming Lips and made available for free on the Internet. Younger Now (2017) featured a number of ballads and country-infused songs, one of which was a duet with Dolly Parton (who is also her godmother). Cyrus’s seventh studio album, the rock-infused Plastic Hearts (2020),…

poppy: Other poppies: …flowers in sprays; and the flaming poppy (Stylomecon heterophylla), with purple-centred brick-red flowers on an annual plant from western North America. The genus Meconopsis includes the Welsh poppy.

Don Siegel: Early action dramas: Siegel then made the gritty Flaming Star (1960), which featured Elvis Presley in a convincing performance as a man whose allegiances are divided between his white father (Steve Forrest) and his Kiowa mother (Dolores del Rio). It is widely considered Presley’s best nonmusical film. Hell Is for Heroes (1962) was…

Thomas Dixon: …relations in the United States, The Flaming Sword. His nonfiction work includes The Inside Story of the Harding Tragedy (1932), written with Harry M. Daugherty, President Harding’s one-time campaign manager.

Roy Campbell: Campbell’s first long poem, The Flaming Terrapin (1924), which won him immediate recognition, exalts the instinctive vital force that brings forth intelligent human effort out of apathy and disillusionment. The Wayzgoose (1928) is a satire on South African intellectuals; and The Georgiad (1931) is a savage attack on the…

Colleen Moore: …such silent motion pictures as Flaming Youth (1923), Naughty But Nice (1927), Synthetic Sin (1929), and Why Be Good? (1929).

flamingo, (order Phoenicopteriformes), any of six species of tall, pink wading birds with thick downturned bills. Flamingos have slender legs, long, graceful necks, large wings, and short tails. They range from about 90 to 150 cm (3 to 5 feet) tall. Flamingos are highly gregarious birds. Flocks

anthurium: Major species: Flamingo flower, or pigtail plant (A. scherzeranum), is a shorter plant with a scarlet spathe and a loosely coiled orange-red spadix.

Las Vegas: Emergence of the contemporary city: …these criminals, began constructing the Flamingo, one of the city’s first casino and hotel complexes. He incurred a large debt with Meyer Lansky and other mob associates, and the first months of the Flamingo’s operation were shaky. It opened for good in March 1947, but Siegel was murdered shortly thereafter—according…

Garry Marshall: Films: Pretty Woman and The Princess Diaries: …1984 he directed and cowrote The Flamingo Kid, about a middle-class teenager (Matt Dillon) working at an upscale beach club. The movie was a hit, and it was followed two years later by Nothing in Common, which starred Tom Hanks as an ad executive dealing with his divorcing parents (Jackie…

Las Vegas: Emergence of the contemporary city: …these criminals, began constructing the Flamingo, one of the city’s first casino and hotel complexes. He incurred a large debt with Meyer Lansky and other mob associates, and the first months of the Flamingo’s operation were shaky. It opened for good in March 1947, but Siegel was murdered shortly thereafter—according…

anthurium: Major species: Flamingo lily (Anthurium andraeanum), with stems up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall, has a salmon-red, heart-shaped spathe about 5–8 cm (2–3 inches) long; its hybrids produce white, pink, salmon, red, and black-red spathes. Flamingo flower, or pigtail plant (A. scherzeranum), is a shorter plant…

the Flamingos, American doo-wop vocal group of the 1950s noted for their tight, pristine harmonies. The principal members were Zeke Carey (b. January 24, 1933, Bluefield, Virginia, U.S.—d. December 24, 1999, Bethesda, Maryland), Jake Carey (b. September 9, 1926, Pulaski, Virginia—d. December 10,