- Kapiti Island (island, New Zealand)
Kapiti Island, uninhabited island at the northern entrance to Cook Strait, 5 miles (8 km) off the mouth of the Waikanae River, southwestern North Island, New Zealand. It is 9 square miles (23 square km) in area and may be part of a land bridge that once connected North and South islands. Generally
- Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich (Soviet physicist)
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was a Soviet physicist who invented new machines for the liquefaction of gases and in 1937 discovered the superfluidity of liquid helium. He was a corecipient of the 1978 Nobel Prize for Physics for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature
- kapkap (body ornament)
Oceanic art and architecture: The Admiralty Islands: A favourite ornament was the kapkap, a breastplate consisting of a carved tortoiseshell plate mounted on a giant clam shell.
- Kaplan turbine
turbine: Axial-flow machines: In such a Kaplan turbine each blade can be swiveled about a post at right angles to the main turbine shaft, thus producing a variable pitch. The angle of the blades is controlled by an oil-pressure operated servomotor, usually mounted in the rotor hub with the oil fed…
- Kaplan, David (American philosopher)
semantics: Truth-conditional semantics: American philosophers Hilary Putnam and David Kaplan independently proposed the same solution to the problem. According to them, the truth conditions of the two utterances are different, and so are their meanings. And yet both speakers understand the meanings of their utterances, despite the fact that their psychological states are…
- Kaplan, Ira (American musician)
Yo La Tengo: …longest-running lineup consisted of singer-guitarist Ira Kaplan (b. January 7, 1957, Queens, New York, U.S.), drummer Georgia Hubley (b. February 25, 1960, New York), and bassist (from 1992) James McNew (b. July 6, 1969, Baltimore, Maryland).
- Kaplan, Justin (American writer, biographer, and editor)
Justin Kaplan was an American writer, biographer, and book editor who was best known for his acclaimed literary biographies of Mark Twain, Lincoln Steffens, and Walt Whitman and for his editing of the 16th edition of Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations (1992). Kaplan grew up in New York City. After
- Kaplan, Justin Daniel (American writer, biographer, and editor)
Justin Kaplan was an American writer, biographer, and book editor who was best known for his acclaimed literary biographies of Mark Twain, Lincoln Steffens, and Walt Whitman and for his editing of the 16th edition of Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations (1992). Kaplan grew up in New York City. After
- Kaplan, Mordecai Menahem (American rabbi)
Mordecai Menahem Kaplan was an American rabbi, educator, theologian, and religious leader who founded the influential Reconstructionist movement in Judaism. Kaplan emigrated with his family to the United States in 1889. After graduating from the College of the City of New York (1900) and Columbia
- Kaplan, Morton (American political scientist)
political science: Systems analysis: The American political scientist Morton Kaplan delineated types of international systems and their logical consequences in System and Process in International Politics (1957). According to Kaplan, for example, the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union brought about a bipolar international system that governed much…
- Kapleau, Philip (American religious leader)
Philip Kapleau was an American religious leader, a leading popularizer of Zen Buddhism in the United States and the founder of the Rochester Zen Center, a major venue of Zen meditation and education. During his youth Kapleau rejected his family’s Christianity, going so far as to found an atheists’
- Kapodístrias, Ioánnis Antónios, Komis (Greek statesman)
Ioánnis Antónios, Komis Kapodístrias was a Greek statesman who was prominent in the Russian foreign service during the reign of Alexander I (reigned 1801–25) and in the Greek struggle for independence. The son of Komis Antonio Capo d’Istria, he was born in Corfu (at that time under Venetian rule),
- Kapoeas Rivier (river, Indonesia)
Kapuas River, chief waterway of western Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan). The river rises in the Kapuas Hulu Mountains in the central part of the island and flows 710 miles (1,143 km) west-southwest through West Kalimantan province. It reaches the South China Sea in a great marshy delta
- kapok (tree)
kapok: Physical description: The kapok is deciduous, dropping its foliage after seasonal rainy periods. Flowering occurs when the tree is leafless, thereby improving access for the bats that feed on the sugar-laden nectar of kapok blossoms. In doing so, the bats unwittingly pollinate the tree’s flowers. The flowers open…
- kapok (plant fibre)
kapok, (Ceiba pentandra), gigantic tropical tree and the seed-hair fibers obtained from its fruit. Common throughout the tropics, the kapok is native to the New World and to Africa and was transported to Asia, where it is cultivated for its fiber, or floss. See also list of plant fibers. Taxonomy
- kapok family (plant family)
Bombacaceae, the bombax or kapok family of flowering trees and shrubs, in the mallow order (Malvales), comprising 27 genera. It is allied to the mallow family (Malvaceae), to which the cotton plant belongs, and is characteristic of the tropics. Bombacaceae members’ flowers are often large and
- Kapoor, Anil (Indian actor and producer)
Anil Kapoor is an Indian actor and producer whose prolific work in the Bollywood film industry catapulted him to international fame. He is best known in India for his roles in the superhero film Mr. India (1987) and the dramas Tezaab (1988; “Acid”) and Ram Lakhan (1989). He is known to Western
- Kapoor, Anil Surinder (Indian actor and producer)
Anil Kapoor is an Indian actor and producer whose prolific work in the Bollywood film industry catapulted him to international fame. He is best known in India for his roles in the superhero film Mr. India (1987) and the dramas Tezaab (1988; “Acid”) and Ram Lakhan (1989). He is known to Western
- Kapoor, Anish (British sculptor)
Anish Kapoor is an Indian-born British sculptor known for his use of abstract biomorphic forms and his penchant for rich colours and polished surfaces. He was also the first living artist to be given a solo show at the Royal Academy of Arts in London. Kapoor was born in India to parents of Punjabi
- Kapoor, Balbir Raj (Indian actor and producer)
Shashi Kapoor was an Indian actor and producer whose career spanned more than five decades. Kapoor, known for his versatile acting prowess and charming screen presence, was acclaimed for his work in mainstream Bollywood films as well as art-house productions. He also earned praise for his
- Kapoor, Prithviraj (Indian actor)
Prithviraj Kapoor was an Indian film and stage actor who founded both the renowned Kapoor family of actors and the Prithvi Theatre in Bombay (now Mumbai). He was best known for playing Alexander the Great in Sohrab Modi’s Sikandar (1941; “Alexander the Great”) and the emperor Akbar in K. Asif’s
- Kapoor, Raj (Indian actor and director)
Raj Kapoor was an Indian motion-picture actor and director whose Hindi-language films were popular throughout India, the Middle East, the Soviet Union, China, and Southeast Asia. Along with Dilip Kumar and Dev Anand, he dominated Bollywood during its golden age (1940s–60s). He is known for tackling
- Kapoor, Shashi (Indian actor and producer)
Shashi Kapoor was an Indian actor and producer whose career spanned more than five decades. Kapoor, known for his versatile acting prowess and charming screen presence, was acclaimed for his work in mainstream Bollywood films as well as art-house productions. He also earned praise for his
- Kapor, Mitchell (American entrepreneur and software designer)
Electronic Frontier Foundation: …Perry Barlow and American entrepreneur Mitch Kapor, with additional support from activist John Gilmore and Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple Computer.
- Kaposi sarcoma (cancer)
Kaposi sarcoma, rare and usually lethal cancer of the tissues beneath the surface of the skin or of the mucous membranes. The disease can spread to other organs, including the liver, lungs, and intestinal tract. Kaposi sarcoma is characterized by red-purple or blue-brown lesions of the skin, mucous
- Kaposvár (Hungary)
Kaposvár, city of county status and seat of Somogy megye (county), southwestern Hungary. On hills flanking the upper valley of the Kapos River (which flows northeast to the Sió), it is the chief market town of the county and has played an important role in Hungarian art and poetry. There are ruins
- Kapp Putsch (German history)
Kapp Putsch, (1920) in Germany, a coup d’état that attempted to overthrow the fledgling Weimar Republic. Its immediate cause was the government’s attempt to demobilize two Freikorps brigades. One of the brigades took Berlin, with the cooperation of the Berlin army district commander. Reactionary
- Kapp, Wolfgang (Prussian politician)
Wolfgang Kapp was a reactionary Prussian politician who led the Kapp Putsch (1920), which attempted to overthrow the fledgling Weimar Republic and establish a rightist dictatorship. Kapp’s father, a revolutionary of 1848, had immigrated to the United States in 1849 but in 1870 returned to Germany,
- Kappa (work by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke)
Akutagawa Ryūnosuke: …fable about elflike creatures (kappa), is written in the mirthless vein of his last period and reflects his depressed state at the time. His suicide came as a shock to the literary world.
- kappa (Japanese mythology)
kappa, in Japanese folklore, a type of vampirelike lecherous creature that is more intelligent than the devilish oni (q.v.) and less malevolent toward men. Kappa are credited with having taught the art of bonesetting to humans. They are depicted in legend and art as being the size of a 10-year-old
- Kappa Alpha (social fraternity)
fraternity and sorority: …in existence as such is Kappa Alpha, begun in 1825 at Union College, Schenectady, New York.
- kappa effect (psychology)
time perception: Perceived duration: …called the S effect or kappa effect. The reverse is the tau effect, in which the distance is perceived as being wider when the interval between successive stimuli is longer.
- kappa organism (biology)
kappa organism, gram-negative symbiotic bacterium found in the cytoplasm of certain strains of the protozoan Paramecium aurelia. These bacteria, when released into the surroundings, change to P particles that secrete a poison (paramecin) that kills other sensitive strains of P. aurelia. The
- kappa particle (biology)
kappa organism, gram-negative symbiotic bacterium found in the cytoplasm of certain strains of the protozoan Paramecium aurelia. These bacteria, when released into the surroundings, change to P particles that secrete a poison (paramecin) that kills other sensitive strains of P. aurelia. The
- Kappe, Ray (American architect and educator)
Ray Kappe was an American architect and educator known for his angular and expansive Modernist residences in southern California. In his early homes Kappe employed post-and-beam construction, whereas in his later structures he often utilized sweeping expanses of metal, wood, and glass. Kappe was an
- kappel (Judaism)
kippah, head covering, typically a close-fitting brimless cap made of cloth, worn primarily by men in Judaism. Also commonly called a yarmulke in Yiddish, this skullcap is worn to show reverence to God, to instill a sense of humility, and as a reminder that there is a higher power. Different
- Kappel Bridge (bridge, Luzern, Switzerland)
covered bridge: The Kappel Bridge (1333) of Luzern has been decorated since 1599 with 112 paintings in the triangular spaces between roof and crossbeams, depicting the history of the town and the lives of its two patron saints. In the 18th century the Grubenmann brothers of Switzerland built…
- Kappel War, First (Switzerland [1529])
Kappel Wars: The first conflict arose when five Roman Catholic member states of the Swiss confederacy, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Zug, formed the Christian Union, which allied itself with Austria to prevent Zürich from spreading Protestantism over the common lordships (territories ruled by the Swiss confederates jointly).…
- Kappel War, Second (Switzerland [1531])
Kappel Wars: …October 1531 they suddenly declared war against Zürich. Zürich’s hastily raised troops, under Jörg Göldli, were defeated in the Battle of Kappel (Oct. 11, 1531), and Zürich’s Protestant leader, Huldrych Zwingli, was killed. The second Peace of Kappel (Nov. 24, 1531) upheld the claims of Roman Catholicism throughout the controversial…
- Kappel Wars (Swiss history)
Kappel Wars, (1529 and 1531), two conflicts of the Swiss Reformation. The name derives from the monastery of Kappel, on the border between the cantons of Zürich and Zug. The first conflict arose when five Roman Catholic member states of the Swiss confederacy, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and
- Kappelhoff, Doris von (American singer and actress)
Doris Day was an American singer and motion-picture actress whose performances in movie musicals of the 1950s and sex comedies of the early 1960s made her a leading Hollywood star. While still a teenager, she changed her last name to Day when she began singing on radio. She worked as a vocalist in
- Kapranzine (African emperor)
Mavura: …aid in deposing his uncle Kapranzine as emperor in 1629. Converting to Christianity, he took the name Filipe and swore vassalage to the king of Portugal. In 1631, again with Portuguese assistance, he decisively defeated his uncle and ruled with complete authority as long as he lived. During his reign…
- Kaprow, Allan (American artist)
Allan Kaprow was an American performance artist, theoretician, and instructor who invented the name Happening for his performances and who helped define the genre’s characteristics. Kaprow studied in New York City at the High School of Music & Art (now LaGuardia Arts; 1943–45) and New York
- Kapsukas (Lithuania)
Marijampolė, administrative centre of a rayon (sector), Lithuania. Marijampolė lies along both banks of the Šešupė River. The settlement developed as a monastic centre in the 18th century, when it was known as Starapolė, and achieved urban status in 1758. After World War II it developed as an
- Kapteyn’s star (astronomy)
Milky Way Galaxy: High-velocity stars: …the nearest 45 stars, called Kapteyn’s star, is an example of the high-velocity stars that lie near the Sun. Its observed radial velocity is −245 km/sec, and the components of its space velocity are U = 19 km/sec, V = −288 km/sec, and W = −52 km/sec. The very large…
- Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius (Dutch astronomer)
Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn was a Dutch astronomer who used photography and statistical methods in determining the motions and distribution of stars. Kapteyn attended the State University of Utrecht and in 1875 became a member of the staff of Leiden Observatory. In 1877 he was elected to the chair of
- Kaptol (Croatia)
Zagreb: …in the 13th century; and Kaptol, the ecclesiastical settlement, which was fortified in the 16th century. These two towns continued as rival entities until the 19th century, when a spate of new building joined them together and expanded south onto the Sava floodplain, with a rectilinear new town of squares…
- Kapton (chemical compound)
major industrial polymers: Polyimides: …under the trademarked name of Kapton by DuPont, which is made from a dianhydride and a diamine. When the two monomers react, the first product formed is a polyamide. The polyamide can be dissolved in solvents for casting into films, or it can be melted and molded. Conversion to polyimide…
- Kaptur, Marcy (American politician)
Dennis Kucinich: …Democratic primary by another incumbent, Marcy Kaptur. He left office the following year.
- Kapuas River (river, Indonesia)
Kapuas River, chief waterway of western Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan). The river rises in the Kapuas Hulu Mountains in the central part of the island and flows 710 miles (1,143 km) west-southwest through West Kalimantan province. It reaches the South China Sea in a great marshy delta
- kapudan pasha (Ottoman admiral)
Greece: The Phanariotes of Greece: …were invariably interpreters to the kapudan pasha, the admiral of the Ottoman fleet. Again their powers were wider than the title suggests: these Phanariotes, in effect, acted as governors of the islands of the Aegean archipelago, whose Greek inhabitants were a potential source from which to draw men for service…
- Kapuni (oil field, New Zealand)
Kapuni, locality in Taranaki local government region, a natural gas and oil field south of Mount Taranaki (Egmont), western North Island, New Zealand. Petroleum from the locality is piped to Auckland and Wellington, principally for use as a household fuel. Natural gas produced at Kapuni supplies a
- Kapūr Singh (Sikh leader)
India: From Banda Singh Bahadur to Ranjit Singh: Kapur Singh, the most important of the Sikh leaders of the time, operated from its vicinity and gradually set about consolidating a revenue-cum-military system, based in part on compromises with the Mughal governors of the province. Other Sikhs were, however, less willing than Kapur Singh…
- Kapur, Shekhar (Indian director)
Shekhar Kapur is an Indian director best known for his films Bandit Queen (1994) and Elizabeth (1998). Kapur received an education at St. Stephen’s College, Delhi. He then moved to London and began a career as a chartered accountant and management consultant. Kapur returned to India and joined the
- Kapurthala (India)
Kapurthala, town, north-central Punjab state, northwestern India. The city lies on a flat alluvial plain, about 12 miles (20 km) west of Jalandhar. Kapurthala was founded in the 11th century. In 1780 it became the capital of the princely state of Kapurthala, and it remained the capital until that
- Kapuskasing (Ontario, Canada)
Kapuskasing, town, Cochrane district, east-central Ontario, Canada. It lies along the Kapuskasing River. Known as MacPherson until 1917, when it received its present Indian name, the town originated in 1914 as a station on the National Transcontinental line (now the Canadian National Railway) 80
- Kaputt (work by Malaparte)
Curzio Malaparte: …written, brilliantly realistic war novels: Kaputt (1944); and La pelle (1949; The Skin), a terrifying, surrealistically presented series of episodes showing the suffering and degradation that the war had brought to the people of Naples.
- Kapuufi (African king)
Fipa: …found new unification under King Kapuufi from 1860 until the advent of European occupation in the 1880s.
- Kapuzinergruft, Die (work by Roth)
Joseph Roth: Die Kapuzinergruft (1938; “The Capuchin Tomb”) is an example. Der stumme Prophet (1966; The Silent Prophet), the story of a failed revolutionary, was written in 1929.
- Kaqchikel (people)
Kaqchikel, Mayan people of the midwestern highlands of Guatemala, closely related linguistically and culturally to the neighbouring K’iche’ and Tz’utujil. They are agriculturalists, and their culture is syncretic, a fusion of Spanish and Mayan elements. Their sharing of a common language does not
- Kaqchikel language
Kaqchikel language, member of the K’ichean (Quichean) subgroup of the Mayan family of languages, spoken in central Guatemala by some 450,000 people. It has numerous dialects. Its closest relative is Tz’utujil. K’iche’ is also closely related. The Annals of the Cakchiquels (also called Anales de los
- Kar (novel by Pamuk)
Orhan Pamuk: Works: In Kar (2002; Snow) a Turkish poet living in exile in Germany faces the tensions between East and West when he travels to a poor town in a remote area of Turkey. Masumiyet müzesi (2008; The Museum of Innocence) investigates the relationship between an older man and his…
- Kar-Shulmanashared (ancient city, Iraq)
Mesopotamian art and architecture: Painting and decorative arts: …bce), a country palace at Til Barsip (modern Tall al-Ahmar) was decorated in this way, with the conventional motifs of relief designs rather clumsily adapted to this very different medium. A few years later, such paintings were extensively used to decorate both wall faces and ceilings in Sargon II’s palace…
- kara (Sikh religious dress)
Sikhism: Guru Gobind Singh and the founding of the Khalsa: (comb), kachha (short trousers), kara (steel bracelet), and kirpan (ceremonial sword)—did not become an obligation of all Sikhs until the establishment of the Singh Sabha, a religious and educational reform movement of the late 19th and the early 20th century. The Sikh wedding ceremony, in which the bride and…
- Kara Amid (Turkey)
Diyarbakır, city, southeastern Turkey. It lies on the right bank of the Tigris River. The name means “district (diyar) of the Bakr people,” an Arab tribe that conquered the city in the 7th century ce. The modern spelling of -bakır (Turkish: “copper”) is said to refer the region’s abundance of
- Kara Koyunlu (Turkmen tribal federation)
Kara Koyunlu, Turkmen tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468. The Kara Koyunlu were vassals of the Jalāyirid dynasty of Baghdad and Tabrīz from about 1375, when the head of their leading tribe, Kara Muḥammad Turmush (reigned c. 1375–90), ruled Mosul. The
- Kara Muḥammad Turmush (Turkmen ruler)
Kara Koyunlu: …head of their leading tribe, Kara Muḥammad Turmush (reigned c. 1375–90), ruled Mosul. The federation secured its independence with the seizure of Tabrīz (which became its capital) by Kara Yūsuf (reigned 1390–1400; 1406–20). Routed by the armies of Timur in 1400, Kara Yūsuf sought refuge with the Mamluks of Egypt…
- Kara Mustafa Paşa, Kemankeş (Ottoman vizier)
İbrahim: …but ambitious grand vizier Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Paşa, İbrahim established peaceful relations with Persia and Austria (1642) and recovered the Sea of Azov hinterland from the Cossacks. After the execution of Kara Mustafa (1644), İbrahim, acting on the advice of his new ministers, sent an expedition to Crete; thus began…
- Kara Mustafa Paşa, Merzifonlu (Ottoman vizier)
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa was an Ottoman grand vizier (chief minister) in 1676–83, who in 1683 led an unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna. During the grand vizierate (1661–76) of his brother-in-law Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa, Kara Mustafa Paşa served as captain of the fleet, vizier in the State
- Kara Osman (Turkish ruler)
Ak Koyunlu: …the founder of the dynasty, Kara Osman (reigned 1378–1435), married Byzantine princesses.
- Kara Sea (sea, Russia)
Kara Sea, marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off western Siberia (Russia), between the Novaya Zemlya islands (west), Franz Josef Land (northwest), and the Severnaya Zemlya islands (east). It is connected with the Arctic Basin (north), the Barents Sea (west), and the Laptev Sea (east). It has
- Kara Su (river, Asia)
Tigris-Euphrates river system: Physiography of the Euphrates: …are the Murat and the Karasu rivers in the Armenian Highland of northeastern Turkey. Considerably altered in the 20th century by water-control projects, they join to form the Euphrates at Keban, near Elazığ, where the Keban Dam (completed 1974), spans a deep gorge. The river breaks through the Taurus Mountains…
- Kara Yūsuf (Turkmen ruler)
Kara Koyunlu: … (which became its capital) by Kara Yūsuf (reigned 1390–1400; 1406–20). Routed by the armies of Timur in 1400, Kara Yūsuf sought refuge with the Mamluks of Egypt but by 1406 was able to regain Tabrīz. He then secured the Kara Koyunlu position against threats from the Ak Koyunlu (“White Sheep”),…
- Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf (gulf, Turkmenistan)
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf, inlet of the eastern Caspian Sea in northwestern Turkmenistan. With an area of 4,600–5,000 square miles (12,000–13,000 square km), it averages only 33 feet (10 m) in depth and has a very high evaporation rate. The water is thus extremely saline, and 7,000–11,000 cubic feet
- Kara-e (Japanese art)
Kara-e, 618–907). It was chiefly composed of imaginative landscapes in the Chinese manner and illustrations of Chinese legends and tales. The style was employed in the Nara (645–794) and Heian (794–1185) periods. In spite of the increasing popularity of Yamato-e, an evolving native style of
- Kara-Kalpak (people)
Aral Sea: Environmental consequences: Hardest hit were the Karakalpaks, who live in the southern portion of the region. Winds blowing across the exposed seabed produced dust storms that buffeted the region with a toxic dust contaminated with salt, fertilizer, and pesticides. As a result, the areas’s inhabitants have suffered health problems at unusually…
- Kara-Kalpak language
Altaic languages: The Turkic languages: …most of the languages; Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, and Kazakh in particular are linguistically much alike.
- Kara-Kalpakstan (republic, Uzbekistan)
Karakalpakstan, autonomous republic in Uzbekistan, situated southeast and southwest of the Aral Sea. On the east Karakalpakstan occupies the western half of the Kyzylkum Desert, a vast plain covered with shifting sands. The central part consists of the valley and delta of the Amu Darya (river), a
- Kara-Kum (desert, Turkmenistan)
Karakum Desert, great sandy region in Central Asia. It occupies about 70 percent of the area of Turkmenistan. Another, smaller desert in Kazakhstan near the Aral Sea is called the Aral Karakum. The Turkmen Karakum is approximately 135,000 square miles (350,000 square km) in area, extending some 500
- Kara-Kum Canal (canal, Turkmenistan)
Karakum Canal, waterway in Turkmenistan, one of the most extensive water-supply canals in the world. The main section, begun in 1954 and completed in 1967, runs some 840 km (520 miles) from the Amu Darya (river) to Gökdepe, west of Ashgabat, skirting the Karakum Desert. In the 1970s and ’80s the
- kara-yō (Japanese architectural style)
kara-yō, (Japanese: “Chinese style”), one of the three main Japanese styles of Buddhist temple architecture in the Kamakura period (1192–1333). Kara-yō originally followed Chinese forms that featured strict symmetry on a central axis. The word kara-yō is written with the character that stands for
- Karabagh rug
Karabagh rug, floor covering handmade in the district of Karabakh (Armenian-controlled Azerbaijan), just north of the present Iranian border. As might be expected, Karabagh designs and colour schemes tend to be more like those of Persian rugs than do those made in other parts of the Caucasus, and
- Karabakh
Armenia: Ottomans and Ṣafavids: …of Yerevan, Nakhichevan (Naxçıvan), and Karabakh. In mountainous Karabakh a group of five Armenian maliks (princes) succeeded in conserving their autonomy and maintained a short period of independence (1722–30) during the struggle between Persia and Turkey at the beginning of the 18th century; despite the heroic resistance of the Armenian…
- Karabakh rug
Karabagh rug, floor covering handmade in the district of Karabakh (Armenian-controlled Azerbaijan), just north of the present Iranian border. As might be expected, Karabagh designs and colour schemes tend to be more like those of Persian rugs than do those made in other parts of the Caucasus, and
- Karabalghasun (ancient city, Central Asia)
history of Central Asia: The Uyghur empire: …city on the Orhon River, Karabalghasun, the foundations of which were probably laid by the Kök Türks and can still be seen. A Muslim traveler, Tamīm ibn Baḥr, who visited the city about 821, speaks in admiring terms of this fortified town lying in a cultivated country—a far cry from…
- Karabil Plateau (plateau, Turkmenistan)
Karakum Desert: Physiography: …on the southeast by the Garabil uplands and Badkhyz steppe region. In the south and southwest the desert runs along the foot of the Kopet-Dag Mountains, and in the west and northwest it borders the course of the ancient valley of the Uzboy River. It is divided into three parts:…
- Karabil upland (plateau, Turkmenistan)
Karakum Desert: Physiography: …on the southeast by the Garabil uplands and Badkhyz steppe region. In the south and southwest the desert runs along the foot of the Kopet-Dag Mountains, and in the west and northwest it borders the course of the ancient valley of the Uzboy River. It is divided into three parts:…
- Karabük (Turkey)
Karabük, town, northwestern Turkey, on the Yenice River. Once a small hamlet, it has grown rapidly since the establishment of Turkey’s first major iron-and-steel complex there in 1940. The works were expanded greatly in the 1950s and ’60s. Facilities include a coking plant, blast furnaces, a
- Karaca (Turkmen chief)
Dulkadir Dynasty: The dynasty was founded by Karaca, the chief of the Bozok Turkmen, who was recognized as nāʾīb (deputy) by the Mamlūk sultan in 1337 but who, with his sons, later was defeated and killed in a revolt against the sultan. In 1399 the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I, challenging Mamlūk influence,…
- Karaca, Mount (mountain, Turkey)
Turkey: The Arabian platform: …of this zone, the volcanic Mount Karaca reaches 6,294 feet (1,918 meters).
- Karacaoğlan (Turkish poet)
Turkish literature: Epic and the emergence of the âşik: …the Anatolian Turkmen tribes was Karacaoğlan, who flourished in the later 16th century or possibly the mid-17th century (his date of death is sometimes given as 1679). He is mentioned in several biographical dictionaries (tezkires) of the period. In its formal qualities his poetry is closely related to folk verse,…
- Karachay (people)
Turkic peoples: Karachay, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Khakass, Kipchak, Kumyk, Kyrgyz, Nogay, Shor, Tatars, Tofalar, Turkmen
- Karachay-Balkar language
Turkic languages: Classification: …partly endangered languages, Kumyk (Dagestan), Karachay and Balkar (North Caucasus), Crimean Tatar, and Karaim. The Karachay and Balkars and Crimean Tatars were deported during World War II; the latter were allowed to resettle in Crimea only after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. Karaim is preserved in…
- Karachay-Cherkessia (republic, Russia)
Karachayevo-Cherkesiya, republic, southwestern Russia. It extends south from the foreland plains across the northern ranges and deep intervening valleys and gorges of the Greater Caucasus range as far as the crestline, which reaches 13,274 feet (4,046 metres) in Mount Dombay-Ulgen. Cherkessk is the
- Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (republic, Russia)
Karachayevo-Cherkesiya, republic, southwestern Russia. It extends south from the foreland plains across the northern ranges and deep intervening valleys and gorges of the Greater Caucasus range as far as the crestline, which reaches 13,274 feet (4,046 metres) in Mount Dombay-Ulgen. Cherkessk is the
- Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika (republic, Russia)
Karachayevo-Cherkesiya, republic, southwestern Russia. It extends south from the foreland plains across the northern ranges and deep intervening valleys and gorges of the Greater Caucasus range as far as the crestline, which reaches 13,274 feet (4,046 metres) in Mount Dombay-Ulgen. Cherkessk is the
- Karachi (Pakistan)
Karachi, city and capital of Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It is the country’s largest city and principal seaport and is a major commercial and industrial centre. Karachi is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea immediately northwest of the Indus River delta. The city has been variously
- Karachi Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (stock exchange, Karachi, Pakistan)
Pakistan: Finance of Pakistan: The Karachi Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (1947), Lahore Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (1970), and Islamabad Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (1989) are the largest such institutions in the country; each deals in stocks and shares of registered companies. The Investment Corporation of Pakistan (1966) and the National…
- Karāchi, University of (university, Karāchi, Pakistan)
Pakistan: Education: …of Peshawar (1950), and the University of Karachi (1950). Other universities established during the 20th century include Quaid-i-Azam University (1967; called the University of Islamabad until 1976), the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University in Peshawar (1981), the International Islamic University in Islamabad (1980), the Aga Khan University in Karachi (1983), and…
- Karadagh rug
Karaja rug, floor covering handmade in or near the village of Qarājeh (Karaja), in the Qareh Dāgh (Karadagh) region of Iran just south of the Azerbaijan border, northeast of Tabrīz. The best-known pattern shows three geometric medallions that are somewhat similar to those in Caucasian carpets. The