Edward Arthur Milne: …known for his development of kinematic relativity.

viscosity: For some applications the kinematic viscosity is more useful than the absolute, or dynamic, viscosity. Kinematic viscosity is the absolute viscosity of a fluid divided by its mass density. (Mass density is the mass of a substance divided by its volume.) The dimensions of kinematic viscosity are area divided…

kinematics, branch of physics and a subdivision of classical mechanics concerned with the geometrically possible motion of a body or system of bodies without consideration of the forces involved (i.e., causes and effects of the motions). A brief treatment of kinematics follows. For full treatment,

Ralph Kiner was one of the most prolific home-run hitters in the major leagues during the 1940s and ’50s. At the time of his retirement from baseball in 1955, he ranked sixth in career home runs with 369, and his ratio of 7.1 home runs per 100 at bats ranked second only to that of the legendary

Ralph Kiner was one of the most prolific home-run hitters in the major leagues during the 1940s and ’50s. At the time of his retirement from baseball in 1955, he ranked sixth in career home runs with 369, and his ratio of 7.1 home runs per 100 at bats ranked second only to that of the legendary

Sea of Galilee, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. It is famous for its biblical associations; its Old Testament name was Sea of Chinnereth, and later it was called the Lake of Gennesaret. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with

luminescence: Spontaneous and stimulated emission: …cascading, is used in radar kinescopes, which have composite fluorescent screens consisting of a layer of blue-emitting zinc sulfide/silver (chloride) phosphor—the hexagonal crystal, ZnS/Ag(Cl) deposited on a layer of yellow-emitting zinc or cadmium sulfide/copper [chloride] phosphor [the hexagonal crystal, (Zn,Cd)S/Cu (Cl)].

Henning Mankell: …Judge Birgitta Roslin (Kinesen [2008; The Man from Beijing]).

Kineshma, city, Ivanovo oblast (region), western Russia, on the Volga River. Founded in the 16th century, the city grew rapidly after the October Revolution in 1917 as a river port, handling cotton, petroleum, timber, and grain. The terminus of a railway from Ivanovo, Kineshma is also an important

ritual: Conclusion: …human behavior; and progress in kinesics, the study of nonverbal communication, may provide new approaches to the analysis of ritual. This development may well parallel the progress in linguistics and the analysis of myth as an aspect of language.

kinesiology, Study of the mechanics and anatomy of human movement and their roles in promoting health and reducing disease. Kinesiology has direct applications to fitness and health, including developing exercise programs for people with and without disabilities, preserving the independence of

stereotyped response: Reflex-like activities: Unoriented responses include kineses—undirected speeding or slowing of the rate of locomotion or frequency of change from rest to movement (orthokinesis) or of frequency or amount of turning of the whole animal (klinokinesis), the speed of frequency depending on the intensity of stimulation. Examples of orthokinesis are seen…

human sensory reception: Kinesthetic (motion) sense: Even with the eyes closed, one is aware of the positions of his legs and arms and can perceive the movement of a limb and its direction. The term kinesthesis (“feeling of motion”) has been coined for this sensibility.

human sensory reception: Kinesthetic (motion) sense: Even with the eyes closed, one is aware of the positions of his legs and arms and can perceive the movement of a limb and its direction. The term kinesthesis (“feeling of motion”) has been coined for this sensibility.

apraxia: Kinetic, or motor, apraxia affects the upper extremities so that the individual cannot carry out fine motor acts, such as turning a key in a lock, even though there is no muscle weakness.

kinetic energy, form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object or particle and depends not

coefficient of friction: In kinetic friction, the frictional force resists the motion of an object. For the case of a brick sliding on a clean wooden table, the coefficient of kinetic friction is about 0.5, which implies that a force equal to half the weight of the bricks is…

reaction mechanism: Kinetic isotope effects: Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number (and, hence, generally the same chemistry) but different mass. The difference in mass becomes chemically important in certain instances. For example, when a carbon-hydrogen bond is replaced by a carbon-deuterium bond (deuterium being…

industrial glass: Kinetic arguments: …on structural criteria but on kinetic theories, which are based on the nucleation and crystal-growth factors outlined in the section Volume and temperature changes. After considering these factors, the glassmaker generates a time-temperature-transformation (T-T-T) diagram. In this diagram a curve is plotted showing the heat-treatment times that would be required…

reaction mechanism: Kinetic order: Because the possibilities that need to be considered for the transition state have been limited by determination of the chemical structures of the participants, the most powerful method of obtaining further information is the use of the kinetic method—i.e., the study of the…

pump: Kinetic pumps.: Kinetic pumps can be divided into two classes, centrifugal and regenerative. In kinetic pumps a velocity is imparted to the fluid. Most of this velocity head is then converted to pressure head. Even though the first centrifugal pump was introduced about 1680, kinetic…

kinetic sculpture, sculpture in which movement (as of a motor-driven part or a changing electronic image) is a basic element. In the 20th century the use of actual movement, kineticism, became an important aspect of sculpture. Naum Gabo, Marcel Duchamp, László Moholy-Nagy, and Alexander Calder were

industrial glass: Kinetic arguments: …on structural criteria but on kinetic theories, which are based on the nucleation and crystal-growth factors outlined in the section Volume and temperature changes. After considering these factors, the glassmaker generates a time-temperature-transformation (T-T-T) diagram. In this diagram a curve is plotted showing the heat-treatment times that would be required…

kinetic theory of gases, a theory based on a simplified molecular or particle description of a gas, from which many gross properties of the gas can be derived. The British scientist James Clerk Maxwell and the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, in the 19th century, led in establishing the theory,

fluid mechanics: Measurement of shear viscosity: The kinetic viscosity at normal temperatures and pressures is about 10−6 square metre per second for water and about 1.5 × 10−5 square metre per second for air.

chemical kinetics, the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics relates to many aspects of cosmology, geology, biology, engineering, and even psychology and thus has far-reaching implications. The principles of chemical

kinetics, branch of classical mechanics that concerns the effect of forces and torques on the motion of bodies having mass. Authors using the term kinetics apply the nearly synonymous name dynamics (q.v.) to the classical mechanics of moving bodies. This is in contrast to statics, which concerns

protist: Cilia and flagella: Called the infraciliature, or kinetidal system, it lies principally in the outer, or cortical, layer of the ciliate’s body (only the outermost layer is called the pellicle) and serves primarily as a skeletal system for the organism. The system is composed of an array of single or…

cytokinin: Cytokinins such as 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) are used commercially in the storage of green vegetables to reduce yellowing. In horticultural tissue culture, high auxin and low cytokinin conditions give rise to root development, whereas low auxin and high cytokinin conditions encourage shoot development.

cell: Mitosis and cytokinesis: …specialized chromosomal region called the kinetochore. In metaphase the condensed chromosomes align in a plane across the equator of the mitotic spindle. Anaphase follows as the separated chromatids move abruptly toward opposite spindle poles. Finally, in telophase a new nuclear envelope forms around each set of unraveling chromatids.

Edward Drinker Cope: Cope’s theory of kinetogenesis, stating that the natural movements of animals aided in the alteration and development of moving parts, led him to openly support Lamarck’s theory of evolution through inheritance of acquired characteristics. Financial difficulties compelled him to accept a position on the faculty of the University…

Kinetograph, camera used to take a series of photographs of people or objects in motion, often considered to be the first motion-picture camera. The processed film was passed rapidly between a viewing lens and an electric incandescent lamp inside a device called the Kinetoscope, creating the

Rudolf Laban: In 1928 he published Kinetographie Laban, a practical method for recording all forms of human motion, now commonly known as Labanotation. In 1930 he became director of the Allied State Theatres of Berlin, where he choreographed many works for large “movement choirs.”

labanotation, system of recording human movement, originated by the Hungarian-born dance theorist Rudolf Laban. Labanotation grew from Laban’s interest in movement, which stemmed from his early travels. He studied architecture and philosophy in Paris and worked as an illustrator before becoming

History of film: Introduction of sound: …Thomas Edison had commissioned the Kinetograph to provide visual images for his phonograph, and William Dickson had actually synchronized the two machines in a device briefly marketed in the 1890s as the Kinetophone. Léon Gaumont’s Chronophone in France and Cecil Hepworth’s Vivaphone system in England employed a similar technology, and…

protozoan: Annotated classification: Kinetoplastea Contain a kinetoplast, a large and distinctive mass of DNA in the mitochondrion. The 2 major groups are the bodontids, which include free-living organisms, and the trypanosomes, a group of well-known parasites. Diplonemea Heterotrophic; in vegetative phase, paraxial rods are absent.

protomonad, (order Kinetoplastida), any of an order of protozoan zooflagellates characterized as free-living or parasitic colourless organisms, typically with one or two flagella and usually without a secreted pellicle (or envelope). Solitary and colonial free-living forms usually feed by

Kinetoscope, forerunner of the motion-picture film projector, invented by Thomas A. Edison and William Dickson of the United States in 1891. In it, a strip of film was passed rapidly between a lens and an electric light bulb while the viewer peered through a peephole. Behind the peephole was a

protist: Features unique to protists: …with the basal bodies, or kinetosomes, of many ciliates and flagellates, and nonhomologous endoskeletal and exoskeletal structures have developed in many protists. Conspicuous food-storage bodies are often present, and pigment bodies apart from, or in addition to, chloroplasts are found in some species. In the cortex, just under the pellicle…

Yorgos Lanthimos: First film projects: …in 2005 with the film Kinetta, an avant-garde drama that he wrote with Yorgos Kakanakis and which he shot with a handheld camera. The film was nominated for the Golden Alexander Award at the Thessaloniki Film Festival.

protozoan: Cilium structure and beat: …closely aligned longitudinal rows called kineties. A complex system of fibres and microtubules arising from the basal bodies, or kinetosomes, of each cilium connects it to its neighbouring cilia in the kinety and to adjacent ciliary rows. In some species the body cilia may be reduced to specialized cirri, where…

Kristin Hunter Lattany: The comical Kinfolks (1996) concerns the revelation that the engaged children of two lifelong friends were produced by unions with the same man. Do Unto Others (2000) investigates the cultural differences between African Americans and recent African immigrants through the story of a hair salon owner who…

Paul Winfield: , in the TV miniseries King (1978), and Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall in the TV film Strange Justice (1999). Winfield’s performance as a federal judge in a guest appearance on the TV series Picket Fences (1992–96; Winfield appeared in two episodes, 1994) won him an Emmy Award in 1995.

king, a supreme ruler, sovereign over a nation or a territory, of higher rank than any other secular ruler except an emperor, to whom a king may be subject. Kingship, a worldwide phenomenon, can be elective, as in medieval Germany, but is usually hereditary; it may be absolute or constitutional and

chess: King: White’s king begins the game on e1. Black’s king is opposite at e8. Each king can move one square in any direction; e.g., White’s king can move from e1 to d1, d2, e2, f2, or f1.

airport: Transporter designs: , and at Jiddah’s King Abdul Aziz International Airport have bodies that can be raised and lowered to suit the exact height of the terminal floor and the aircraft sill. However, passenger loading and unloading times are lengthened, causing turnaround delays, and aircraft are more likely to be damaged…

Jeddah: …and administration is offered by King Abdulaziz University, founded in 1967. Jeddah is served by highways to Mecca and Medina and by King Abdulaziz International Airport. Pop. (2022) 3,712,917.

Rigoletto: …play Le Roi s’amuse (The King Amuses Himself; also performed in English as The King’s Fool) by Victor Hugo, Verdi’s opera was nearly kept off the stage by censors. With Rigoletto, Verdi reached a new level in his career; his next two operas, Il trovatore and La traviata, exhibit…

Yul Brynner: …performances in the Broadway musical The King and I between 1951 and 1985 and in the 1956 film version. (1956).

John Fletcher: >A King and No King—show, most clearly in the last, the emergence of most of the features that distinguish the Fletcherian mode from that of Shakespeare, George Chapman, or John Webster: the remote, often pseudohistorical, fairy-tale setting; the clear, smooth speech rising to great emotional…

Juan de Mariana: …rege et regis institutione (1598; The King and the Education of the King, 1948), a treatise on government that argued that the overthrow of a tyrant was justifiable under certain conditions. With the assassination of Henry IV of France in 1610, there was an outcry in France against Mariana for…

Henry Purcell: Music for theatre: …Fletcher and Philip Massinger; for King Arthur (1691), by John Dryden, designed from the first as an entertainment with music; and for The Fairy Queen (1692), an anonymous adaptation of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, in which the texts set to music are all interpolations. In these works Purcell showed…

King Arthur, legendary British king who appears in a cycle of medieval romances (known as the Matter of Britain) as the sovereign of a knightly fellowship of the Round Table. It is not certain how these legends originated or whether the figure of Arthur was based on a historical person. The legend

Heysel Stadium disaster: FC and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium. The disaster was blamed on hooliganism, mistakes by officials, and structural issues with the stadium.

bird-of-paradise: The king bird-of-paradise (Cicinnurus regius), only 13 to 17 cm long, has similar but flag-tipped tailwires and fanlike side plumes.

king cake, a sweet, ring-shaped pastry that is served from Epiphany through Shrove Tuesday in the Christian calendar. It is particularly associated with Mardi Gras, the festive pre-Lenten season in the United States, and it is usually baked with a symbolic trinket hidden inside, often to represent

Carl Hubbell was an American professional baseball (left-handed) pitcher who popularized the screwball pitch. In this pitch the ball, which is thrown with the same arm motion as a fastball, has reverse spin against the natural curve and, when thrown by a left-hander, breaks sharply down and away

presidency of the United States of America: King Caucus: While popular voting was transforming the electoral college system, there were also dramatic shifts in the method for nominating presidential candidates. There being no consensus on a successor to Washington upon his retirement after two terms as president, the newly formed political parties…

assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Funeral rites: …on the grounds of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change adjacent to the Ebenezer Baptist Church. His new tomb bears the same epitaph as that of his original gravestone: “Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty I’m free at last.”

English toy spaniel: …whom it was named the King Charles spaniel), and Queen Victoria, as well as by members of the aristocracy. It is said that Charles II was rarely without his dogs, and he had an edict passed that such spaniels could not be refused entry to any public place in Britain.…

cheetah: Status and taxonomy: The king cheetah, once thought to be a distinct subspecies, is a Southern African form that has a “blotchy” coat pattern presumably from a rare recessive genetic mutation.

King Christian Island, island, one of the Sverdrup Islands in Nunavut, Canada, in the Arctic Ocean, just south of Ellef Ringnes Island. About 26 miles (42 km) long and 17 miles (27 km) wide, it has an area of 448 square miles (1,160 square km) and a maximum elevation of 700 feet (213 metres). It

king cobra, (genus Ophiophagus), reptile genus containing the world’s largest venomous snakes. King cobras are found predominantly in forests from India through Southeast Asia to the Philippines and Indonesia. The snake’s maximum confirmed length is 5.6 metres (18 feet), but most do not exceed 3.6

Nat King Cole: There he formed the King Cole Trio (originally King Cole and His Swingsters), with guitarist Oscar Moore (later replaced by Irving Ashby) and bassist Wesley Prince (later replaced by Johnny Miller). The trio specialized in swing music with a delicate touch in that they did not employ a drummer;…

King Cotton, phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production. After the invention of the cotton gin (1793), cotton surpassed tobacco as the dominant cash crop in the agricultural

King Country, geographical region in North Island, New Zealand. Lying west of Lake Taupo and south of Hamilton, it embraces an area of 7,000 sq mi (18,000 sq km). It is bordered by the Waikato River (northeast), the Tasman Sea (west), the Ohura River (southwest), and by the Kaimanawa Mountains

horseshoe crab, (order Xiphosura), common name of four species of marine arthropods (class Merostomata, subphylum Chelicerata) found on the east coasts of Asia and of North America. Despite their name, these animals are not crabs at all but are related to scorpions, spiders, and extinct trilobites.

king crab, (Paralithodes camtschaticus), marine crustacean of the order Decapoda, class Malacostraca. This edible crab is found in the shallow waters off Japan, along the coast of Alaska, and in the Bering Sea. The king crab is one of the largest crabs, weighing 5 kg (11 pounds) or more. Its size

Michael Curtiz: Last films of Michael Curtiz: …Paramount in 1958 to direct King Creole, which many critics consider to be among the best of the many films in which Elvis Presley starred. In particular, Curtiz’s integration of musical numbers with the plot was more seamless than in the usual Elvis vehicle. That year Curtiz also made The…

King Crimson, English rock band known for its bold and uniquely dramatic style and for helping lay the foundation for the genre of progressive rock in the late 1960s and into the ’70s. King Crimson—which formed in 1968 and continued, despite multiple hiatuses and changes in lineups, until

drongo: …Asia is the 33-cm (13-inch) black drongo (D. macrocercus), also called king crow because it can intimidate the true crow. The 24-cm (9.5-inch) African drongo (D. adsimilis; perhaps the same as D. macrocercus) is common throughout sub-Saharan Africa.

Irgun Zvai Leumi: …up a wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, killing 91 soldiers and civilians (British, Arab, and Jewish). On April 9, 1948, a group of Irgun commandos raided the Arab village of Deir Yassin (modern Kefar Shaʾul), killing about 100 of its inhabitants.

Western painting: Germany: …an effect in his haunting “King David with His Harp” (c. 1831; Museum of Art, Düsseldorf). Not long afterward there was a move toward the more dramatic, though no less nostalgic, approach of von Schadow and his pupil Karl Friedrich Lessing.

Richard John Seddon was a New Zealand statesman who as prime minister (1893–1906) led a Liberal Party ministry that sponsored innovating legislation for land settlement, labour protection, and old age pensions. After working in iron foundries in England, Seddon went to Australia in 1863 to work at

construction: Postwar developments in long-span construction: Another example is the King Dome, in Seattle, Washington, which covers a sports stadium with a thin single shell concrete parabolic dome stiffened with ribs 201 meters (661 feet) in diameter.

Jacob Jordaens: …most popular pictures, such as The King Drinks (1638) and The Satyr and the Peasant (c. 1620).

anseriform: Importance to humans: …of the king eider’s (Somateria spectabilis) billknob as an aphrodisiac in Greenland. Wary and difficult to approach in their watery haunts, waterfowl required ingenuity to take them before the advent of efficient weapons. The period of flightlessness was discovered early and exploited by driving the birds into corrals of…

Bahrain: Domestic and foreign relations since independence: The construction of the causeway linking Bahrain with Saudi Arabia has strengthened bilateral relations and regional defense and has helped both countries economically and politically. Bahrain has maintained relatively good relations with the United States and has continued to house the U.S. Navy’s Fifth Fleet. Iran’s ties to the…

Riyadh: Transportation: …in Riyadh, including the King Fahd (running north-south) and Mecca (Makkah; running east-west) highways, which constitute the two main axes of the city. With its grid system of wide thoroughfares and expressways, modern Riyadh was designed as an automobile-oriented city. Taxis are a significant form of transportation in Riyadh; local…

Dhahran: The government-sponsored King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals was founded there in 1963. Pop. (2004) 97,678; (2010) 120,521.

Giuseppe Verdi: Early years: …Verdi saw his next opera, Un giorno di regno (King for a Day), a comedy, hissed off the stage. This compounded trauma led to a severe depression and either caused or fixed the dour, fatalistic, sometimes harsh aspects of Verdi’s character.

King George Sound, one of the finest natural harbours of Western Australia’s south coast. An inlet of the Indian Ocean, the sound, with a surface area of 35 square miles (91 square km), has an entrance 5 miles (8 km) wide flanked by Bald Head on the southwest and Cape Vancouver on the northeast.

Edinburgh: Edinburgh’s bridges: …South Bridge (1788) and the King George IV Bridge (1834), are multiple-arch constructions that span the Cowgate ravine. These new bridges opened the south to rapid expansion. In the same period Waterloo Bridge, with its Regency Arch (1820), opened the eastern slopes of Calton Hill (northeast of the Castle Rock)…

King George Sound, one of the finest natural harbours of Western Australia’s south coast. An inlet of the Indian Ocean, the sound, with a surface area of 35 square miles (91 square km), has an entrance 5 miles (8 km) wide flanked by Bald Head on the southwest and Cape Vancouver on the northeast.

harbours and sea works: Dry docks: A classic example is the King George V Drydock at Southampton, England. Opened in 1933, it was 1,200 feet long and 135 feet wide and was capable of accommodating the largest vessels afloat at that time—namely, the two Cunard liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, each more than 80,000 tons…

Taman Negara National Park, large natural area in east-central Peninsular (West) Malaysia. The park, situated about 125 miles (200 km) northeast of Kuala Lumpur, occupies 1,677 square miles (4,343 square km). A portion of the area now constituting the park was established in 1925 as a game reserve,

Nootka Sound, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, on the western coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, some 168 miles (270 km) northwest of Victoria. The sound, which forms a good harbour, is 6 miles (10 km) wide and has three arms, one of which separates Nootka Island from Vancouver

King George’s War, (1744–48), American phase of the War of the Austrian Succession, third and inconclusive struggle between France and Great Britain for mastery of the North American continent. Though technically at peace between 1713 and 1744, the two colonial powers experienced continual

greenhood: …Zealand, and the closely related king greenhood (P. baptistii) is from neighbouring Australia.

Gawin Douglas: …The Palice of Honour and King Hart; and the Aeneid. The Palice of Honour (1501), a dream allegory on the theme “where does true honour lie,” extols a sterner rhetorical virtue than the young poet was to exemplify in his own subsequent career. King Hart (uncertainly ascribed to Douglas) describes…

August Wilson: …plays in the series are King Hedley II, first produced in 1999, an account of an ex-con’s efforts to rebuild his life in the 1980s, and Gem of the Ocean, first produced in 2003, which takes place in 1904 and centres on Aunt Ester, a 287-year-old spiritual healer mentioned in…

helmet shell: …example is the 18-centimetre (7-inch) king helmet (Cassis tuberosa) of the Caribbean.

English literature: Verse romance: King Horn and Floris and Blauncheflour both are preserved in a manuscript of about 1250. King Horn, oddly written in short two- and three-stress lines, is a vigorous tale of a kingdom lost and regained, with a subplot concerning Horn’s love for Princess Rymenhild. Floris…

Charlie Chaplin: Final works: A King in New York and A Countess from Hong Kong: …his next film, the British-made A King in New York (1957). Satirizing the very witch hunts that had sent him into self-imposed exile, Chaplin fashioned a diatribe against the foibles of 1950s America that only occasionally managed to nail its target. (Ironically, the film was not released in the United…

The Decemberists: The group’s follow-up, The King Is Dead (2011), marked The Decemberists’ return to both an independent label and the rustic folk-influenced sound of their earliest work, and it reached number one on the Billboard charts in the first week after its release.

King Island, island in Bass Strait, 50 miles (80 km) off the northwestern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The rougly oval-shaped island is about 40 miles (64 km) long and 15 miles (24 km) wide at its widest point. It has a gently rolling surface that rises to a hill known as Gentle Annie (531 feet

emu: The King Island emu (D. minor), a species found only on King Island in the Bass Strait, was last seen in the wild in 1802, and the last captive specimens died in 1822. The Kangaroo Island emu (D. baudinianus), found only on Kangaroo Island in South…

LeBron James is an American professional basketball player who is widely considered one of the greatest all-around players of all time and who won National Basketball Association (NBA) championships with the Miami Heat (2012 and 2013), the Cleveland Cavaliers (2016), and the Los Angeles Lakers

King James Version (KJV), English translation of the Bible, published in 1611 under the auspices of King James I of England. The translation had a marked influence on English literary style and was generally accepted as the standard English Bible from the mid-17th to the early 20th century. The

King James Version (KJV), English translation of the Bible, published in 1611 under the auspices of King James I of England. The translation had a marked influence on English literary style and was generally accepted as the standard English Bible from the mid-17th to the early 20th century. The