United States: The South of the United States: …(or Deep) South, Upland and Lowland South, or Yeoman and Plantation South.

Lower Southampton, township, Bucks county, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., just northeast of Philadelphia. Many of the early settlers were English Quakers, who became known as the Friends of Southampton. The area was called Southampton township as early as 1685, but the township was not officially

Carpathian Mountains: Physiography of the Carpathian Mountains: …Spiš basins, run the parallel Lower Tatras, similar in geologic structure but lower (Ďumbier Peak, 6,703 feet) and with a less conspicuous glacial relief. Along the boundary line between the Outer and the Central Western Carpathians extends a narrow strip of klippen (limestone) rocks, which, north of the Tatras, has…

Niedere Tauern, range of the Eastern Alps in central Austria; lying between the Enns and Mur rivers, it extends 75 miles (120 km) westward to the headstreams of the two rivers. The scenic, well-forested mountains rise to their highest elevation at Hochgolling (9,393 feet [2,863 m]), and a road

Nizhnyaya Tunguska River, river in western Siberia that is a right-bank tributary of the Yenisey River, flowing through Irkutsk oblast (province) and Krasnoyarsk kray (region) of Russia. Its length is 1,857 miles (2,989 km), and the area of its basin is 187,900 square miles (471,300 square km). The

lower vascular plant, any of the spore-bearing vascular plants, including the ferns, club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts, horsetails, and whisk ferns. Once considered of the same evolutionary line, these plants were formerly placed in the single group Pteridophyta and were known as the ferns and

China: Sino-Tibetan of China: The third is the southern variant, also known as the Nanjing or Lower Yangtze variant, which is spoken in northern Jiangsu and in southern and central Anhui. Some authorities also recognize a fourth variant, Northwestern, which is used in most of northwestern China. Related to Mandarin are the Hunan,…

Devonian extinctions: The Lower Zlichov Event, which occurred at the beginning of the Emsian Stage about 407.6 million years ago, is associated with the extinction of the graptoloids (a type of graptolite) and the appearance of the coiled cephalopod goniatites. Three events are very significant extinction episodes: the…

Arthur Reginald Marsden Lower was a Canadian historian known for his promotion of Canadian national identity. Lower was educated at the University of Toronto and at Harvard University, where he earned a Ph.D. in 1929. He served as professor at United College, University of Manitoba (1929–46), and

pharmaceutical industry: Improvement in drug administration: …middle of the 17th century, Richard Lower and Christopher Wren, working at the University of Oxford, demonstrated that drugs could be injected into the bloodstream of dogs using a hollow quill. In 1853 the French surgeon Charles Gabriel Pravaz invented the hollow hypodermic needle, which was first used in the…

central-place theory: Lower-order central places have small market areas and provide goods and services that are purchased more frequently than higher-order goods and services. Higher-order places are more widely distributed and fewer in number than lower-order places.

minuscule, in calligraphy, lowercase letters in most alphabets, in contrast to majuscule (uppercase or capital) letters. Minuscule letters cannot be fully contained between two real or imaginary parallel lines, since they have ascending stems (ascenders) on the letters b, d, f, h, k, and l, and

Twenty-sixth Amendment, amendment (1971) to the Constitution of the United States that extended voting rights (suffrage) to citizens aged 18 years or older. Traditionally, the voting age in most states was 21, though in the 1950s Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower signaled his support for lowering it.

John Livingston Lowes was an American scholar of English literature and persuasive teacher, known for his scholarly method in tracing authors’ sources and his allusive style of speaking and writing. Lowes received his A.B. degree from Washington and Jefferson College (Washington, Pa.) in 1888 and

Martha Gellhorn: …A Stricken Field (1939) and The Lowest Trees Have Tops (1967) and a collection of novellas, The Weather in Africa (1978).

chemical bonding: Organometallic compounds: However, the lowest unfilled molecular orbital, the LUMO, has π symmetry and can accept electrons from an appropriate d orbital of the metal, and thus it can help the ligand to act as a Lewis acid. It is this ability of the ligand to act as both…

Lowestoft, town, Waveney district, administrative and historic county of Suffolk, eastern England. It originated as a Danish settlement on Lowestoft Ness, the most easterly point in the United Kingdom. From 1757 until 1802 Lowestoft china, a soft-paste porcelain, was manufactured in the town. The

Lowestoft porcelain, English phosphatic soft-paste ware, resembling Bow porcelain, produced in Lowestoft, Suffolk, from 1757 to 1802; the wares are of a domestic kind, such as pots, teapots, and jugs. Generally on a small scale and light in weight, they are decorated in white and blue or in a

Early in the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch navy suffered a bloody defeat in a savage battle fought off Lowestoft, a port in Norfolk in eastern England. Yet this catastrophe, on June 13, 1665, only stirred the Dutch to greater efforts in the war, and the English failed to draw any lasting

Robert H. Lowie was an Austrian-born American anthropologist whose extensive studies of North American Plains Indians include exemplary research on the Crow. He also influenced anthropological theory through such works as Culture and Ethnology (1917), Primitive Society (1920), and Social

Robert H. Lowie was an Austrian-born American anthropologist whose extensive studies of North American Plains Indians include exemplary research on the Crow. He also influenced anthropological theory through such works as Culture and Ethnology (1917), Primitive Society (1920), and Social

John Lowin was an English actor, a colleague of William Shakespeare. Lowin was the son of a carpenter. He worked as a goldsmith’s apprentice for eight years and then joined the Earl of Worcester’s Men as an actor in 1602. By 1603 he was a member of the King’s Men. He is known to have specialized in

John Lowin was an English actor, a colleague of William Shakespeare. Lowin was the son of a carpenter. He worked as a goldsmith’s apprentice for eight years and then joined the Earl of Worcester’s Men as an actor in 1602. By 1603 he was a member of the King’s Men. He is known to have specialized in

bongo: The lowland bongo (T. eurycerus eurycerus) inhabits lowland rainforests from western Africa and the Congo basin to southwestern Sudan. The lowland bongo’s habitat could be more accurately described as a forest-savanna mosaic, as it depends on openings where sunlight penetrates to the forest floor. Two herds…

Tequistlatecan languages: Huamelultec (also called Lowland Chontal) is spoken today by fewer than 100 elderly persons in San Pedro Huamelula and Santiago Astata near the coast in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Tequistlatec (Tequistlatec proper) was formerly spoken in Tequisistlán, Oaxaca, but now has no speakers. Highland…

Cushitic languages: …Burji, Sidamo, Kambata, and Hadiyya; Lowland East Cushitic, including Dasenech, Arbore, Saho-Afar, and Oromo and its close relatives such as Konso; and the Omo-Tana group, with languages such as Somali, Rendille, and Boni.

Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden: …for the most births of lowland gorillas in captivity; other species, including Komodo dragons, Asian elephants, and black rhinoceroses, have also been bred successfully at the zoo. Other outstanding exhibits include those featuring the white Bengal tiger and many species of insects. The zoo’s Center for Research of Endangered Wildlife…

Scots language, historic language of the people of Lowland Scotland and one closely related to English. The word Lallans, which was originated by the Scottish poet Robert Burns, is usually used for a literary variety of the language, especially that used by the writers of the mid-20th-century

United States: The South of the United States: …(or Deep) South, Upland and Lowland South, or Yeoman and Plantation South.

tapir: kabomani), and the South American lowland tapir (T. terrestris). This geographic distribution, with four species in Central and South America and one in Southeast Asia, is peculiar. Fossil remains from Europe, China, and North America show that tapirs were once widespread, but the extinction of intermediate forms has isolated the…

Jhumpa Lahiri: The Namesake, Unaccustomed Earth, and The Lowland: Her novel The Lowland (2013) chronicles the divergent paths of two Bengali brothers. It was nominated for both the Man Booker Prize (now known as the Booker Prize) and the National Book Award and earned Lahiri the 2015 DSC Prize for South Asian Literature, a prize established…

Lowlands, cultural and historical region of Scotland, comprising the portion of the country southeast of a line drawn from Dumbarton to Stonehaven; northwest of the line are the Highlands. Traditionally, the Lowlands were distinguished by the use of the Scots language (considered a dialect or close

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War: …physicians under the leadership of Bernard Lown and Yevgeny I. Chazov, respectively. The organization promotes research on the medical, psychological, and biospheric effects that a nuclear war would have. At the time that it was awarded the prize, the group had more than 135,000 members in 41 countries, with about…

Marie Adelaide Lowndes was an English novelist and playwright best known for murder mysteries that were often based on actual murder cases. The sister of the poet and essayist Hilaire Belloc, she received little formal education, but, because of the prominence of her family in intellectual circles,

Marie Adelaide Lowndes was an English novelist and playwright best known for murder mysteries that were often based on actual murder cases. The sister of the poet and essayist Hilaire Belloc, she received little formal education, but, because of the prominence of her family in intellectual circles,

Malcolm Lowry was an English novelist, short-story writer, and poet whose masterwork was Under the Volcano (1947; reissued 1962). It was begun in 1936 and is redolent of that period, when the world itself seemed to be lurching toward self-destruction. Lowry was the son of a prosperous cotton broker

Toronto Raptors: …Toronto, led by All-Star guards Kyle Lowry and DeMar DeRozan, won 56 games and advanced to the Eastern Conference finals for the first time in team history, where the Raptors were eliminated by the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Raptors earned a franchise-record fourth straight playoff appearance in 2016–17 but were swept…

L.S. Lowry was an English painter noted for his industrial landscapes that express the bleakness and loneliness of modern urban life. Lowry studied intermittently at art schools in Manchester and Salford, England, from 1905 to 1925. He painted in his free time while working at a Manchester

L.S. Lowry was an English painter noted for his industrial landscapes that express the bleakness and loneliness of modern urban life. Lowry studied intermittently at art schools in Manchester and Salford, England, from 1905 to 1925. He painted in his free time while working at a Manchester

Lois Lowry is an American author who wrote some 50 books, mainly directed toward young adults, beginning in the 1970s. By the early 1990s she had solidified her reputation by winning two Newbery Medals, awarded for the most distinguished children’s book of the year. On her website, Lowry described

Malcolm Lowry was an English novelist, short-story writer, and poet whose masterwork was Under the Volcano (1947; reissued 1962). It was begun in 1936 and is redolent of that period, when the world itself seemed to be lurching toward self-destruction. Lowry was the son of a prosperous cotton broker

Brønsted-Lowry theory: …Brønsted and the English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry, stating that any compound that can transfer a proton to any other compound is an acid, and the compound that accepts the proton is a base. A proton is a nuclear particle with a unit positive electrical charge; it is represented by…

Robert Lowth was a Church of England bishop of London (appointed 1777) and a literary scholar. During his Oxford professorship (1741–50) he was noted for his analyses and commentaries on Hebrew poetry, later published as De sacra poesi Hebraeorum (1753; Eng. trans., Lectures on Hebrew Poetry,

veld: Physiography: The Lowveld is the name given to two areas that lie at an elevation of between 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres) above sea level. One area is in the South African provinces of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal and parts of Swaziland, and the other…

Mina Loy was a modernist poet whose strongly feminist work portrayed unflinchingly the intimate aspects of female sexuality and emotional life. Loy began studying art in 1897 at St. John’s Wood School in London. In 1899 she left England to study painting in Munich, Germany, returned to London in

John Lowin was an English actor, a colleague of William Shakespeare. Lowin was the son of a carpenter. He worked as a goldsmith’s apprentice for eight years and then joined the Earl of Worcester’s Men as an actor in 1602. By 1603 he was a member of the King’s Men. He is known to have specialized in

explosive: Liquid oxygen explosives: In 1895 the German Carl von Linde introduced carbon black packed in porous bags and dipped in liquid oxygen. This, which was a Sprengel-type explosive, came to be known as LOX. Because of the shortage of nitrates, LOX was widely used in…

crossbill, (genus Loxia), any of several species of birds of the finch family, Fringillidae (order Passeriformes), known for their crossed mandibles. The crossed bill tips are inserted between the scales of cones so that the tongue can lift the seed out. Because conifers produce seed unpredictably,

crossbill: …eight different varieties of the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) may actually be different species. Each has a slightly different call note, a variant of the hard “kip-kip” given in flight. There are also differences in diet and bill size, with different forms feeding on specific conifers; for example, the larger-billed…

crossbill: The spruce-loving white-winged crossbill (L. leucoptera) occurs throughout the colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It wanders widely, but when it finds a good crop of cones, it may nest there, even in midwinter. An isolated variety of the species lives in the pine forests of Hispaniola.…

conservation: Secondary extinctions: …a seed-eating species called the palila (Loxioides bailleui), is endangered because it depends almost exclusively on the seeds of one tree, the mamane (Sophora chrysophylla), which is grazed by introduced goats and sheep.

python: New world pythons: The only native New World python (Loxocemus bicolor) is classified as the sole member of the family Loxocemidae. It is an egg layer found in forests from southern Mexico to Costa Rica. Usually less than 1 metre (3.3 feet) long, it is reported to reach nearly 1.5 metres…

African bush elephant, (Loxodonta africana), one of two living species of African elephants (genus Loxodonta) and the largest of all living elephant species. The African bush elephant is also Earth’s largest living land animal, and it is one of the world’s most famous, being renowned globally for

African forest elephant, (Loxodonta cyclotis), one of two living species of African elephants (genus Loxodonta) and one of the world’s largest living land animals. The African forest elephant was long thought to be a subspecies of the African bush elephant (or African savanna elephant; Loxodonta

rhumb line, curve cutting the meridians of a sphere at a constant non-right angle. Thus, it may be seen as the path of a ship sailing always oblique to the meridian and directed always to the same point of the compass. Rhumb lines are used to simplify small-scale charting. Pedro Nunes, who first

Loxsomataceae, small family of primitive ferns (order Cyatheales) comprising two monotypic genera. Loxsoma cunninghamii grows only in northern New Zealand, whereas Loxsomopsis pearcei occurs along the Andean mountain range from Bolivia northward to Costa Rica. The family is considered to have a

Loxonema, genus of extinct gastropods (snails) found as fossils in rocks of Ordovician to Early Carboniferous age (488 million to 318 million years ago). Loxonema has a distinctive high-spired, slender shell with fine axial ornamentational lines. A distinct lip is present at the base of the

amakihi, (Loxops virens), perhaps the most common native songbird in Hawaii, a member of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family, Drepanididae (order Passeriformes). It is 12 cm (5 inches) long, with yellow body, black eye-mark, and rather short, slightly curved bill. It feeds on insects and small fruits

spider crab: …spider crabs include the genera Loxorhynchus, Pugettia, and Epialtus.

brown recluse, (Loxosceles reclusa), species of venomous light tan or yellow spider most common in the western and southern United States. One of the most dangerous spiders in North America, the brown recluse is considered a medically significant spider and produces a cytotoxin that can cause

spider: Annotated classification: Family Sicariidae (six-eyed crab spiders) About 130 species of Southern Hemisphere deserts; includes genus Loxosceles (recluse spiders). Large, 6 eyes, low carapace; legs extended toward sides; burrow in sand. Family Theridiosomatidae (ray spiders) More than 100 species. Globular abdomen; high

fern: Annotated classification: …flange or girdle; 2 genera, Loxsoma, with 1 species (L. cunninghamii) in northern New Zealand, and Loxsomopsis, with 1 species (L. pearcei) from Costa Rica to Bolivia. Family Culcitaceae Stems variously prostrate and creeping or loosely ascending but usually not trunklike, hairy, sometimes with a mantle of roots; leaves large…

Loxsomataceae: Loxsoma cunninghamii grows only in northern New Zealand, whereas Loxsomopsis pearcei occurs along the Andean mountain range from Bolivia northward to Costa Rica. The family is considered to have a relictual distribution—that is, the two isolated modern species have been interpreted as the only living…

Loxsomataceae, small family of primitive ferns (order Cyatheales) comprising two monotypic genera. Loxsoma cunninghamii grows only in northern New Zealand, whereas Loxsomopsis pearcei occurs along the Andean mountain range from Bolivia northward to Costa Rica. The family is considered to have a

fern: Annotated classification: …in northern New Zealand, and Loxsomopsis, with 1 species (L. pearcei) from Costa Rica to Bolivia. Family Culcitaceae Stems variously prostrate and creeping or loosely ascending but usually not trunklike, hairy, sometimes with a mantle of roots; leaves large (up to 3 metres [almost 10 feet]), 4 to 5 times…

Loxsomataceae: …in northern New Zealand, whereas Loxsomopsis pearcei occurs along the Andean mountain range from Bolivia northward to Costa Rica. The family is considered to have a relictual distribution—that is, the two isolated modern species have been interpreted as the only living examples of a formerly more diverse assemblage, the presumed…

Loxton, town, southeastern South Australia. It lies along the Murray River approximately 150 miles (240 km) east of Adelaide in the area known as the Riverland and is the service centre for an extensive irrigated fruit-raising area. Major European settlement of the region began in 1894, and the

Mina Loy was a modernist poet whose strongly feminist work portrayed unflinchingly the intimate aspects of female sexuality and emotional life. Loy began studying art in 1897 at St. John’s Wood School in London. In 1899 she left England to study painting in Munich, Germany, returned to London in

Myrna Loy was an American motion-picture actress who began her screen career playing treacherous femmes fatales and who attained stardom during the 1930s in roles as glib, resourceful sophisticates. Dubbed the “Queen of Hollywood” during her heyday, Loy was often promoted by her studio as every

Italian literature: Women writers: Rosetta Loy, who had evoked a collective memory of the past in Le strade di polvere (1987; The Dust Roads of Monferrato), combined autobiography and social history in the memoir La parola ebreo (1997; “The Word ‘Jew’ ”; Eng. trans. First Words: A Childhood in…

Afghanistan: Constitutional framework: The Grand Assembly (Loya Jirga) adopted a new constitution in February 1977, but it was abrogated in 1978 when another coup established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, governed by the Afghan Revolutionary Council. Political turmoil continued, marked by a third coup in September 1979, a massive…

Chūshingura, classic play cycle of the Japanese kabuki theatre. The kabuki drama was adapted from an original written about 1748 for the puppet theatre (bunraku) by Takeda Izumo with Namiki Sōsuke (Senryū) and Miyoshi Shōraku. In 11 acts it dramatizes the incidents that took place from 1701 to

Chūshingura, classic play cycle of the Japanese kabuki theatre. The kabuki drama was adapted from an original written about 1748 for the puppet theatre (bunraku) by Takeda Izumo with Namiki Sōsuke (Senryū) and Miyoshi Shōraku. In 11 acts it dramatizes the incidents that took place from 1701 to

Union League, in U.S. history, any of the associations originally organized in the North to inspire loyalty to the Union cause during the American Civil War. During Reconstruction, they spread to the South to ensure Republicans of support among newly enfranchised blacks. Ohio Republicans

Sons of Liberty: …can be traced to the Loyal Nine, a secretive Boston political organization whose members included Benjamin Edes and Samuel Adams. The Boston chapter of the Sons of Liberty often met under cover of darkness beneath the “Liberty Tree,” a stately elm tree in Hanover Square. The Sons of Liberty rallied…

Orange Order, an Irish Protestant and political society, named for the Protestant William of Orange, who, as King William III of Great Britain, had defeated the Roman Catholic king James II. The society was formed in 1795 to maintain the Protestant ascendancy in Ireland in the face of rising

Loyal Publication Society, either of two groups, one in New York and one in New England, that during the American Civil War published pamphlets and broadsides supporting the Union and blasting Copperheads, or Southern sympathizers. In addition to distributing materials “of unquestionable loyalty,”

20th-century international relations: The civil war in Spain: But the Republicans, or loyalists, a Popular Front composed of liberals, Socialists, Trotskyites, Stalinists, and anarchists, took up arms to defend the Republic elsewhere and sought outside aid against what they styled as the latest Fascist threat. Spain became a battleground for the ideologies wrestling for mastery…

loyalist, colonist loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution. Loyalists constituted about one-third of the population of the American colonies during that conflict. They were not confined to any particular group or class, but their numbers were strongest among the following groups:

loyalty, general term that signifies a person’s devotion or sentiment of attachment to a particular object, which may be another person or group of persons, an ideal, a duty, or a cause. It expresses itself in both thought and action and strives for the identification of the interests of the loyal

Taoism: Syncretism: …Loyalty and Filial Obedience” (Jingmingzhongxiaodao). This sect preached the Confucian cardinal virtues as being essential for salvation, and consequently won a considerable following in conservative intellectual and official circles. Another highly popular syncretistic movement of Taoist origin was that of the Three Religions (sanjiao). Its composite moral teachings are…

Loyalty Islands, limestone coral group in the French overseas country of New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific Ocean. The group comprises the low-lying islands of Ouvéa, Lifou, and Maré; the highest point is at 453 feet (138 metres), on Maré Island. The islands were inhabited by Melanesians more than

academic freedom: …required teachers to take “loyalty” oaths in order to prevent them from engaging in left-wing (and particularly communist) political activities. During the anticommunist hysteria of the 1950s, the use of loyalty oaths was widespread, and many teachers who refused to take them were dismissed without due process.

Sam Loyd was an American puzzle maker who was best known for composing chess problems and games, including Parcheesi. Loyd studied engineering and took a license as a steam and mechanical engineer, but he engaged in a variety of business enterprises until he was able to earn a living exclusively

Sam Loyd was an American puzzle maker who was best known for composing chess problems and games, including Parcheesi. Loyd studied engineering and took a license as a steam and mechanical engineer, but he engaged in a variety of business enterprises until he was able to earn a living exclusively

Louisiana: Education: …institutions in the city are Loyola University (1837; Catholic) and Tulane University (1834). A number of public and private institutions offer online degree programs.

Loyola University Chicago, private, coeducational university in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. Loyola University was founded in 1870 on the near west side of Chicago as St. Ignatius College by members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman

St. Ignatius of Loyola ; canonized March 12, 1622; feast day July 31) was a Spanish theologian and mystic, one of the most influential figures in the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation in the 16th century, and founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in Paris in 1534. Ignatius was born in the

St. Ignatius of Loyola ; canonized March 12, 1622; feast day July 31) was a Spanish theologian and mystic, one of the most influential figures in the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation in the 16th century, and founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in Paris in 1534. Ignatius was born in the

Henri Loyrette is a French arts administrator and historian who served as director (2001–13) of the Louvre Museum in Paris. He was especially recognized for expanding the display of the museum’s collections and the museum itself to locations outside France. Loyrette received a master’s degree in

history of Europe: Corporate society: …precise form by the lawyer Charles Loyseau in his Traité des Ordres (1610), but it serves to stress the significance of precedence. It was assumed that society was hierarchical and that each order had divine sanction. Wherever man found himself, at prayer or study, under arms or at work, there…

heraldry: Ordinaries: The lozenge is a parallelogram having equal sides and two acute and two obtuse angles, and a mascle is a lozenge voided. Lozengy is the field divided by diagonal lines intersecting to give the appearance of alternate small lozenges, and the fret is a mascle interlaced…

pharmaceutical industry: Other solid dosage forms: Lozenges usually consist of a mixture of sugar and either gum or gelatin, which are compressed to form a solid mass. Lozenges are designed to release drug while slowly dissolving in the mouth. Suppositories are solid dosage forms designed for introduction into the rectum or…

heraldry: Ordinaries: Lozengy is the field divided by diagonal lines intersecting to give the appearance of alternate small lozenges, and the fret is a mascle interlaced with a saltire. The roundel is circular in form and is given different names according to its color (gold is a…

Languedoc-Roussillon: …encompassed the southern départements of Lozère, Gard, Hérault, Aude, and Pyrénées-Orientales and was roughly coextensive with the former province of Languedoc. In 2016 the Languedoc-Roussillon région was joined with the région of Midi-Pyrénées to form the new administrative entity of Occitanie

Lozi, a complex of about 25 peoples of about 6 cultural groups inhabiting western Zambia, the area formerly known as Barotseland in Zambia and speaking Benue-Congo languages of the Niger-Congo family. Formerly, the groups were all called Barotse as subjects of the paramount chief of the dominant

Ndebele: …and a lower class (Lozwi, or Holi), derived from the original inhabitants. Men of all classes were organized into age groups that served as fighting units. The men of a regiment, after marriage, continued to live in their fortified regimental village.

Hawaii: Relief: The Lō‘ihi Seamount, a growing volcano that could break the surface of the ocean tens of thousands of years from the present, is located 18.6 miles (30 km) southeast of the island of Hawaii. The highest Hawaiian mountains are Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, both on…

Liberal Party of Canada, centrist Canadian political party, one of the major parties in the country since the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. The Liberal Party has been the governing party at the federal level for most of the period since the late 1890s, bringing together pragmatic

linear programming, mathematical modeling technique in which a linear function is maximized or minimized when subjected to various constraints. This technique has been useful for guiding quantitative decisions in business planning, in industrial engineering, and—to a lesser extent—in the social and