clausula: …based on the Gregorian chant melisma (several notes to a syllable), which in the organa of the Notre-Dame school alternated with sections featuring coloratura-like passages in relatively free rhythm above a slower-moving cantus firmus.

Anthony Melissa: …title of his chief work, Melissa (Greek: “The Bee”), compiled an anthology based largely on two leading sources for Eastern Orthodox spirituality: the Hiera Parallēla (“Sacred Parallels”), commonly credited to the early-8th-century Greek church father John of Damascus, and the Eklogai (“Selections”), incorrectly ascribed to the 7th-century Greek master of…

lemon balm, (Melissa officinalis), aromatic herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae), grown for its lemon-scented fragrant leaves. Lemon balm is native to the Mediterranean region and Central Asia and has naturalized in parts of North America and elsewhere. It is widely cultivated in temperate climates

Luca Guadagnino: …the production of the film, Melissa P. (2005). The movie was met with poor reviews.

Melissus Of Samos was a Greek philosopher who was the last significant member of the Eleatic school of philosophy, which adhered to Parmenides’ doctrine of reality as a single, unchanging whole. Although Melissus defended Parmenides, he differed from him in that he held reality to be boundless and

Rabat: …and Rabat was occupied by Melita, the island’s capital. During the Arab occupation of Malta (870 to 1090), the area of Mdina was reduced by moving the southern wall; as a result, portions of Mdina became part of Rabat. There are many Roman ruins, including a partially restored Roman villa…

Pierre Corneille: Early life and career.: …an elegant and witty comedy, Mélite, first performed in Rouen in 1629. When it was repeated in Paris the following year, it built into a steady (and, according to Corneille, surprising) success. His next plays were the tragicomedy Clitandre (performed 1631) and a series of comedies including La Veuve (performed…

Melito of Sardis was a Greek bishop of Sardis in Lydia (now in Turkey), whose rediscovered theological treatise on Easter, “The Lord’s Passion,” verifies his reputation as a notable early Christian spokesperson. The 4th-century chronicles of Eusebius of Caesarea identify Melito as a bishop who

Melitopol, city, southeastern Ukraine, on the Molochna River. The frontier settlement of Novooleksandrivka grew up in the late 18th century, and in 1841 it became the city of Melitopol. The center of a fruit-growing area, Melitopol has been the site of engineering plants and light industries. Pop.

Melitopol, city, southeastern Ukraine, on the Molochna River. The frontier settlement of Novooleksandrivka grew up in the late 18th century, and in 1841 it became the city of Melitopol. The center of a fruit-growing area, Melitopol has been the site of engineering plants and light industries. Pop.

bee: …which are attracted to perspiration; Melittidae, bees that mark a transitional form between the lower and the higher bees; Megachilidae (leaf-cutting and mason bees), noted for their elaborate nest structures; Stenotritidae, a small family of Australian bees; and Apidae with some 5,700 species of bumblebees,

bee: …which are attracted to perspiration; Melittidae, bees that mark a transitional form between the lower and the higher bees; Megachilidae (leaf-cutting and mason bees), noted for their elaborate nest structures; Stenotritidae, a small family of Australian bees; and Apidae with some 5,700 species of bumblebees,

coraciiform: Relationships with other species: In southern Africa, the little bee-eater (Melittophagus pusillus) sometimes makes its nest burrow in the wall of the very much larger burrow of the aardvark (Orycteropus afer), and there is no further relationship between the bird and the mammal.

Melk, town, northeastern Austria. It lies at the confluence of the Danube and Melk rivers, west of Sankt Pölten. The town was the site of a Roman garrison and was the castle-residence of the Babenberg rulers of Austria from 976 to 1101. The castle and surrounding lands were given in 1111 to the

Melqart, Phoenician god, chief deity of Tyre and of two of its colonies, Carthage and Gadir (Cádiz, Spain). He was also called the Tyrian Baal. Under the name Malku he was equated with the Babylonian Nergal, god of the underworld and death, and thus may have been related to the god Mot of Ras

Melqart, Phoenician god, chief deity of Tyre and of two of its colonies, Carthage and Gadir (Cádiz, Spain). He was also called the Tyrian Baal. Under the name Malku he was equated with the Babylonian Nergal, god of the underworld and death, and thus may have been related to the god Mot of Ras

Melchite, any of the Christians of Syria and Egypt who accepted the ruling of the Council of Chalcedon (451) affirming the two natures—divine and human—of Christ. Because they shared the theological position of the Byzantine emperor, they were derisively termed Melchites—that is, Royalists or

Çatalhüyük: …(1961–65) by the British archaeologist James Mellaart have shown that Anatolia in Neolithic times was the centre of an advanced culture. The earliest building period at Çatalhüyük is tentatively dated to about 6700 bce and the latest to about 5650 bce. The inhabitants lived in rectangular mud-brick houses probably entered…

printmaking: France: Claude Mellan, another major influence, was trained in Rome. Technical virtuosity dominated his prints; for example, the modelling of a face with one continuous spiral.

mêlée, ancient and medieval game, a predecessor of modern football (soccer), in which a round or oval object, usually the inflated bladder of an animal, was kicked, punched, carried, or driven toward a goal. Its origins are not known, but, according to one British tradition, the first ball used was

Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five: September 8, 1989), Melle Mel (original name Melvin Glover), Kidd (sometimes also spelled Kid) Creole (original name Nathaniel Glover), Mr. Ness (also called Scorpio; original name Eddie Morris), and Raheim (original name Guy Williams).

South African literature: In Afrikaans: …and villages—Jochem van Bruggen and Jan van Melle. The two foremost Romantic novelists were D.F. Malherbe, who wrote numerous prolix narratives on Biblical themes and South African pioneering history; and C.M. van den Heever, whose work is based mostly on the Afrikaner’s conflicts in the transition from a rural to…

mallee, scrubland plant community found in southern Australia, composed primarily of woody shrubs and small trees of the genus Eucalyptus. Mallee ecosystems are in areas with a Mediterranean climate, largely found in Western Australia, the Eyre and York peninsulas of South Australia, and the

Wadi Majardah: …two main tributaries are the Oued Mellègue (Wadi Mallāq) and the Oued Tessa (Wadi Tassah). Main riverine settlements include Souk Ahras, in Algeria, and Jendouba (Jundūbah), in Tunisia.

Weather Underground: …was led by Bernardine Dohrn, James Mellen, and Mark Rudd and advocated street fighting as a method for weakening U.S. imperialism. At the SDS national convention in June 1969, the Third World Marxists presented a position paper titled “You Don’t Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows”…

John Mellencamp is an American singer-songwriter who became popular in the 1980s by creating basic, often folk-inflected hard rock and presenting himself as a champion of small-town values. Growing up in southern Indiana—with which he is strongly identified—Mellencamp began playing in rock bands as

Watertown: Local attractions include Mellette House (1883), the home of Arthur Calvin Mellette, the last governor of Dakota Territory and the first governor of South Dakota; the Codington County Heritage Museum, which preserves local history; the Terry Redlin Art Center, which displays original paintings of local artist Terry Redlin…

melilite, any member of a series of sorosilicate minerals that consist of calcium silicates of aluminum and magnesium; gehlenite is the aluminous end-member and åkermanite the magnesian end-member. First described in 1796 from a sample taken from Capo di Bove, near Rome, Italy, melilites range in

hummingbird: The smallest species, the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga, sometimes Calypte, helenae) of Cuba and the Isle of Pines, measures slightly more than 5.5 cm, of which the bill and tail make up about half. Weighing about 2 g, this species is the smallest living bird and ranks with the pygmy…

Saint Mellitus of Canterbury ; feast day April 24) was the first bishop of London and the third archbishop of Canterbury (619–624), known for his missionary work and his diplomatic efforts between the Roman church and the churches of Britain. Mellitus, a Roman and the son of a noble family, may

ratel, (Mellivora capensis), badgerlike member of the weasel family (Mustelidae) noted for its fondness for honey. Ratels live in covered and forested regions of Africa and southern Asia. The adult stands 25–30 cm (10–12 inches) at the shoulder and has a heavily built, thick-skinned body about

mustelid: Classification: Subfamily Mellivorinae 1 species. Genus Mellivora (ratel, or honey badger) 1 species. Subfamily Mustelinae 18 species. Genus Mustela (weasels, including the

Craig C. Mello is an American scientist, who was a corecipient, with Andrew Z. Fire, of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2006 for discovering RNA interference (RNAi), a mechanism that regulates gene activity. Mello grew up in northern Virginia, and, as a young boy, he developed an

mellophone, a valved brass musical instrument built in coiled form and pitched in E♭ or F, with a compass from the second A or B below middle C to the second E♭ or F above. The alto and tenor forms substitute for the French horn in marching bands. In the 1950s a version called the mellophonium was

Pittsburgh Penguins: …from the igloolike appearance of Mellon Arena, where the team played from its inception through the 2009–10 season. After finding moderate success in the 1970s and then struggling throughout the early 1980s, the Penguins drafted Mario Lemieux in 1984, who was an instant offensive force on the ice and would…

Mellon Financial Corporation, American bank holding company whose principal subsidiary, Mellon Bank, has been one of the largest regional banks in the country. Its headquarters are in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The original bank, T. Mellon and Sons Bank, was founded in 1869 by Thomas Mellon

Smashing Pumpkins: ” The subsequent double album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness (1995) debuted at number one on the Billboard album chart on the way to selling more than four million copies in the United States and earning six Grammy Award nominations; they won best hard rock performance for the single…

Mellon Financial Corporation, American bank holding company whose principal subsidiary, Mellon Bank, has been one of the largest regional banks in the country. Its headquarters are in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The original bank, T. Mellon and Sons Bank, was founded in 1869 by Thomas Mellon

Andrew Mellon was an American financier, philanthropist, and secretary of the treasury (1921–32) who reformed the tax structure of the U.S. government in the 1920s. His benefactions made possible the building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. After completing his studies at Western

Andrew Mellon was an American financier, philanthropist, and secretary of the treasury (1921–32) who reformed the tax structure of the U.S. government in the 1920s. His benefactions made possible the building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. After completing his studies at Western

Paul Mellon was an American philanthropist who was heir to an enormous fortune amassed by his father, financier and industrialist Andrew W. Mellon, but chose not to centre his career in the business world. Instead, he sought to contribute to the cultural life of the country and eventually gave

Gulf Oil Corporation: Following the discovery, Thomas Mellon built the Gulf refinery in Port Arthur, Texas. The firm continued to develop oil fields in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana, as well as in Mexico and Venezuela; by 1923 the Port Arthur refinery was the largest in the world. Gulf was the first…

20th-century international relations: Reparations agreements: …French government agreed in the Mellon–Berenger Accords (April 20, 1926) to fund its war debts at the favorable rates offered by the United States. The new gold standard and the cycle of international transfers, however, depended on a continuous flow of American capital. Should that flow ever cease, the normalcy…

mellophone, a valved brass musical instrument built in coiled form and pitched in E♭ or F, with a compass from the second A or B below middle C to the second E♭ or F above. The alto and tenor forms substitute for the French horn in marching bands. In the 1950s a version called the mellophonium was

Joe Strummer was a British punk rock star who gave voice to a generation of unrest as the leader of the Clash. The band’s passionate politicized sounds were largely due to Strummer’s commitment to a populist ideology. Strummer formed his first rhythm-and-blues band, the 101ers, in 1974. Influenced

Olive Ann Beech was an American business executive who served first as secretary-treasurer (1932–50) and then as president (1950–68) and chairman of the board (1950–82) of Beech Aircraft Corporation, a major manufacturer of business and military airplanes founded by her and her husband, Walter H.

dairy product: Composition of frozen desserts: Imitation ice cream, known as mellorine, is made in some parts of the United States and other countries. It is made with less expensive vegetable oils instead of butterfat but utilizes dairy ingredients for the milk protein part. Mellorines are intended to compete with ice cream in places where butterfat…

Oliver Mellors, title character of the novel Lady Chatterley’s Lover (privately published 1928) by English writer D.H. Lawrence. To Lawrence, Mellors symbolized raw animal passion, natural manhood, and untamed

art rock: …these groups often featured the Mellotron (a tape-loop-based keyboard instrument often used for orchestral sounds), organ, piano, and early synthesizers. Because of the prior experience of many art rock musicians in classical music and the availability of high-tech electronic supplements to traditional instruments, keyboardists such as Keith Emerson (ELP) and…

Stuart Davis: …most important works, such as The Mellow Pad (1945–51) and Little Giant Still Life (1950). These meticulously planned and executed paintings possess a wit and gaiety in contrast to Abstract Expressionism, the then-dominant style of art. Davis was inspired by taxis, storefronts, and neon signs. The dissonant colours and lively,…

Donovan: …as “Sunshine Superman” (1966), “Mellow Yellow” (1967), and “Hurdy Gurdy Man” (1968). His obscure lyrics, often laced with drug references, were sung in a soft and sometimes soulful voice over melodies influenced by folk, blues, jazz, and Indian music.

aldehyde: Formaldehyde: …the trade names Formica and Melmac are used for some of the polymers made from formaldehyde.

Melmoth the Wanderer, novel by Charles Robert Maturin, published in 1820 and considered the last of the classic English gothic romances. It chronicles the adventures of an Irish Faust, who sells his soul in exchange for prolonged life. The story, a complex weaving of tales-within-tales, is set in

Oscar Wilde was an Irish wit, poet, and dramatist whose enduring fame rests on his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), and on his comic masterpieces Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). In his comedies he proved himself to be a master of the epigram.

discus throw: …the 200-foot mark; and Russian Faina Melnik, who broke the 70-meter mark in women’s competition.

Konstantin Melnikov was a Russian architect who is usually associated with Constructivism, an art movement that combined an appreciation of technology and the machine with the use of modern industrial materials. However, his unique vision had its foundations in classical forms and embraced the best

Konstantin Melnikov was a Russian architect who is usually associated with Constructivism, an art movement that combined an appreciation of technology and the machine with the use of modern industrial materials. However, his unique vision had its foundations in classical forms and embraced the best

Ukraine: The last years of Stalin’s rule: …1949; he was succeeded by Leonid Melnikov. Purges in party ranks were relatively mild. However, real and alleged Nazi collaborators, former German prisoners of war and repatriated slave workers, Ukrainian “bourgeois nationalists,” and others suspected of disloyalty—essentially hundreds of thousands of people—were sent to concentration camps in the far north…

Ukraine: Western Ukraine under Soviet and Nazi rule: …strife between the followers of Andry Melnyk, who headed the organization from abroad after the assassination of Konovalets by a Soviet agent in 1938, and the younger supporters of Stepan Bandera with actual experience in the conspiratorial underground. The split became permanent after a congress held in Kraków in February…

Melo, city, northeastern Uruguay. It lies along the Arroyo de los Conventos, an affluent of the Tacuarí River, near the Brazilian border. It was founded in 1795 by Captain Agustín de la Rosa as a Spanish military post and was named for Pedro de Melo, then viceroy of the Río de la Plata territory.

Carmelo Anthony is a former professional basketball player who was one of the most prolific scorers in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. Anthony is also noted for winning a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship during his one year (2003) at Syracuse University

João Cabral de Melo Neto was a Brazilian poet and diplomat, one of the last great figures of the golden age of Brazilian poetry. Melo Neto was born to a distinguished family of landowners. He had a brief stint as a public servant before he moved in 1940 to Rio de Janeiro. In 1942 he published his

Battle of Rocroi: …army of 26,000 men under Don Francisco de Melo, marking the end of Spain’s military ascendancy in Europe.

Francisco Manuel de Melo was a Portuguese soldier, diplomat, and courtier who won fame as a poet, moralist, historian, and literary critic in both the Spanish and Portuguese languages. Born of aristocratic parents, he studied classics and mathematics at the Jesuit College of Santa Antão and chose a

melon cactus, (genus Melocactus), any of about 30 species of cacti (family Cactaceae) native to the West Indies, Central America, and tropical South America. They are sometimes cultivated as novelties for their unusual bristly cap that forms at maturity. Melon cacti are ribbed and ball-shaped to

melon cactus: A common Caribbean species, Melocactus intortus, is up to 100 cm (about 3 feet) tall and 30 cm (about 1 foot) wide.

Poaceae: Characteristic morphological features: …muli, or terai, bamboo (Melocanna bambusoides) in its native habitat around the Bay of Bengal in cycles of mostly 30 to 35 years leads to disaster. With the death of the bamboo, an important building material is lost and the accumulation of the avocado-sized fruits promotes a rapid increase…

melodeon, keyboard instrument sounded by the vibration of free reeds by wind. It is an American development of the harmonium, from which it differs in two principal respects. Its foot-operated bellows draw the air in past the reeds by suction, rather than forcing it out by pressure; and the

Ambrosian chant: …Oriental influence are the Ambrosian melodiae (freely interchangeable melismatic fragments) found in the responsories (a type of chant) for Matins (a service of the canonical hours).

mélodie, (French: “melody”), the accompanied French art song of the 19th and 20th centuries. Following the model of the German Lied, the 19th-century mélodie was usually a setting of a serious lyric poem for solo voice and piano that recognizably combined and unified the poetic and musical forms.

Dom Joseph Pothier: …preface to Dom Pothier’s publication Les Mélodies grégoriennes d’après la tradition (1880), which became the standard work on the subject. In 1883 he published the Liber gradualis, which also included research earlier undertaken by Dom Jausions and which, with the Mélodies grégoriennes, marked the beginning of a reform in liturgical…

melodeon, keyboard instrument sounded by the vibration of free reeds by wind. It is an American development of the harmonium, from which it differs in two principal respects. Its foot-operated bellows draw the air in past the reeds by suction, rather than forcing it out by pressure; and the

Lorde: Melodrama: …“Green Light,” Lorde’s sophomore album, Melodrama (2017), was greeted with an overwhelmingly positive critical reception. Melodrama’s 11 songs explored themes of youth and womanhood with a sound that drew on influences ranging from modern electronic dance music to retro Europop to the soaring vocals of early Kate Bush.

melodrama, in Western theatre, sentimental drama with an improbable plot that concerns the vicissitudes suffered by the virtuous at the hands of the villainous but ends happily with virtue triumphant. Featuring stock characters such as the noble hero, the long-suffering heroine, and the

Howard Nemerov: Nemerov’s fiction includes The Melodramatists (1949), a novel of the dissolution of a Boston family; The Homecoming Game (1957), a witty tale of a college professor who flunks a small college’s football hero; and A Commodity of Dreams, and Other Stories (1960). Among his considerable body of critical…

Melun, town, Seine-et-Marne département, Île-de-France région, northern France. It lies 28 miles (45 km) south-southeast of Paris. Like Paris, it is situated on both banks of the Seine, and its ancient church of Notre-Dame stands on an island between two branches of the river. Built in the 11th

melody, in music, the aesthetic product of a given succession of pitches in musical time, implying rhythmically ordered movement from pitch to pitch. Melody in Western music by the late 19th century was considered to be the surface of a group of harmonies. The top tone of a chord became a melody

chess: The Fischer clock: …most interesting annual tournaments, the Melody Amber held in Monaco since 1992, features top grandmasters playing a pair of games using the Fischer clock. In one of the games the players begin with four minutes and receive 10 seconds for each move played. In the second they play without sight…

Rock criticism: …equivalent of Rolling Stone was Melody Maker. Founded as a jazz paper in the 1920s, it had by the late ’60s become the earnest organ of progressive rock and British hippie culture. Like Rolling Stone, Melody Maker was flummoxed by the emergence of punk rock in 1976 and lost ground…

bagpipe: …of the melody pipe, or chanter, while the remaining pipes, or drones, sound single notes tuned against the chanter by means of extendable joints. The sound is continuous; to articulate the melody and to reiterate notes the piper employs gracing—i.e., rapidly interpolated notes outside the melody, giving an effect of…

Neil Diamond: …Home Before Dark (2008), and Melody Road (2014). He also made a cameo appearance as himself in the film Saving Silverman (2001). In January 2018, following a diagnosis of Parkinson disease, Diamond announced his retirement from touring.

melody type, according to 20th-century musicologists, any of a variety of melodic formulas, figurations, and progressions and rhythmic patterns used in the creation of melodies in certain forms of non-European and early European music. In these cultural contexts, musical inventiveness is manifested

badger: Ferret badgers (genus Melogale), also called tree badgers or pahmi, consist of four species: Chinese (M. moschata), Burmese (M. personata), Everett’s (M. everetti), and Javan (M. orientalis). They live in grasslands and forests from northeast India to central China and Southeast

badger: personata), Everett’s (M. everetti), and Javan (M. orientalis). They live in grasslands and forests from northeast India to central China and Southeast Asia where they consume mostly insects, worms, small birds, rodents, and wild fruits. They are brownish to blackish gray, with white markings on the…

musical notation: Adaptation to non-European music: …two most notable are the melograph, invented by ethnomusicologist Charles Seeger, which traces a pitch/time graph immediately above a volume/time graph, and a device developed by Dahlbeck, which produces two similar graphs by means of a cathode-ray tube. These methods can reveal a level of interpretation by the performer that…

blister beetle, (family Meloidae), any of approximately 2,500 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) that secrete an irritating substance, cantharidin, which is collected mainly from Mylabris and the European species Lytta vesicatoria, commonly called Spanish fly. Cantharidin is used

plant disease: Variable factors affecting diagnosis: …such as root knot (Meloidogyne species), produce small to large galls in roots; other species cause affected roots to become discoloured, stubby, excessively branched, and decayed. Bacterial and fungal root rots commonly follow feeding by nematodes, insects, and rodents.

plant disease: Nematode diseases: …species, however, such as the northern root-knot nematode (M. hapla), are found where soil may freeze to depths of nearly a metre. Vegetables, cotton, strawberry, and orchard trees are commonly attacked. Garden plants and ornamentals frequently become infested through nursery stock.

blister beetle: …Meloinae are sometimes known as oil beetles. They do not have hindwings as do most blister beetles, nor do their wing covers meet in the middle of the back; rather, the covers are much shorter and overlap. Oil beetles secrete an oily substance that protects them from predators because of…

cockchafer, (Melolontha melolontha), a large European beetle that is destructive to foliage, flowers, and fruit as an adult and to plant roots as a larva. In the British Isles, the name “cockchafer” refers more broadly to any of the beetles in the subfamily Melolonthinae (family Scarabaeidae),

chafer, (subfamily Melolonthinae), any of a group of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae (insect order Coleoptera). Adult leaf chafers (Macrodactylus) eat foliage, whereas grubs feed underground on plant roots. The adult female deposits her eggs in the soil, and the larvae live underground for two

melon, (Cucumis melo), trailing vine in the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), grown for its often musky-scented edible fruit. The melon plant is native to central Asia, and its many cultivated varieties are widely grown in warm regions around the world. Most commercially important melons are sweet and

cetacean: Sound production and communication: …the “case” and the “junk,” respectively. The junk of the sperm whale is the fatty structure found in the forehead of other toothed whales and known by whalers as the “melon” because of its pale yellow colour and uniform consistency. Baleen whales generate sounds at frequencies that are audible…

aphid: Types of aphids: …melon, or cotton, aphid (Aphis gossypii) is green to black. In warm climates live young are produced all year, while in cooler areas there is an egg stage. Among the dozens of possible hosts are melon, cotton, and cucumber. It is usually controlled by naturally occurring parasites and predators.

melon cactus, (genus Melocactus), any of about 30 species of cacti (family Cactaceae) native to the West Indies, Central America, and tropical South America. They are sometimes cultivated as novelties for their unusual bristly cap that forms at maturity. Melon cacti are ribbed and ball-shaped to

Marie Mattingly Meloney was an American journalist and editor whose active interest in public service and the open exchange of ideas and information marked her editorial tenure at several popular periodicals. Marie Mattingly was educated privately and by her mother, who at various times edited the

conch: In the family Melongenidae are fulgur conchs (or whelks), of the genus Busycon; among these clam eaters are the channeled conch (B. canaliculatum) and the lightning conch (B. contrarium), both about 18 cm long and common on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Another melongenid is the…

Giorgia Meloni is a populist Italian politician who cofounded (2012) and leads (2014– ) the Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d’Italia), a party with neofascist roots. She is the first woman to serve as prime minister of Italy (2022– ). Meloni’s father left her family when she was a child, and Meloni was

louse fly: …most common wingless species, the sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus), is about 6 millimetres (0.2 inch) long, red-brown in colour, and parasitic on sheep. Each female produces from 10 to 20 larvae at the rate of about one per week. The sheep ked cannot survive if separated from its host for…

stingless bee, (tribe Meliponini), tribe of more than 600 species of social honey-making bees with highly reduced stingers. They are found in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe and are particularly diverse in the Western hemisphere. Stingless bees were the primary honey producers in