brane: …D-branes led Argentine American physicist Juan Maldacena to the 1997 discovery of anti de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) duality. This is a construction of a quantum theory of gravity, a previously unsolved problem, in terms of the well-understood Yang-Mills gauge fields of particle physics. AdS/CFT has led to unexpected connections…

Malda, town, north-central West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies just east of the confluence of the Mahananda and Kalindri rivers and is part of the Ingraj Bazar urban agglomeration. The town rose to prominence as the river port of the Hindu capital of Pandua. During the 18th century it

annelid: Annotated classification: Arenicola, Maldane, Axiothella. Order Flabelligerida Sedentary; setae of anterior segments directed forward to form a cephalic (head) cage; prostomium and peristome retractile, with 2 palpi and retractile branchiae; size, 1 to 10 cm; examples of genera: Flabelligera,

Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF), legal-aid resource and activist organization established in 1968 by Mexican American lawyers in San Antonio, Texas, with help from a grant by the Ford Foundation. Modeled on the Legal Defense Fund of the NAACP, the Mexican American Legal

Malden, city, Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. A northern suburb of Boston, it lies along the Malden River, a branch of the Mystic River. Settled in 1640, it became a part of Charlestown and was known as the Mystic Side. In 1649 it was incorporated as a town and named for Malden (now

Malden Island, coral atoll in the Central and Southern Line Islands, part of Kiribati, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is situated 1,700 miles (2,700 km) south of Hawaii. A level formation with a land area of 11 square miles (28 square km) and a large lagoon, it has temple platforms and graves that

Arthur Capel, 1st earl of Essex was an English statesman, a member of the “Triumvirate” that dominated policy at the time of the Popish Plot (1678). The son of Arthur Capel, 1st Baron Capel, who was executed by the Parliamentarians in 1649, he was, after the Restoration of Charles II, created

Karl Malden was an American actor who won critical acclaim for his strong character roles, ranging from psychologically intense villains to the earnest Everyman, most notably alongside Marlon Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) and On the Waterfront (1954). Malden grew up in Gary, Indiana,

Jodhpur: History: …its power under the ruler Rao Maldeo (1532–69), and gave allegiance to the Mughals after the invasion of the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1561. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb invaded and plundered the Marwar region in 1679, ordering the conversion of its inhabitants to Islam.

symphony: Other composers of the mature Classical period: …Belgium), and the Flemish composer Pierre van Maldere came to grips successfully with the dominating German-Italian idiom; both were influenced by Stamitz and his school. Van Maldere was eulogized for his imaginative thematic structures as well as for the unusually serious nature of his compositions, which strongly contrasted with the…

AC Milan: …worn, in deference to defender Paolo Maldini, who played more than 900 matches for the club between 1985 and 2009. Other notable footballers who have played for Milan include Marco van Basten, George Weah, and Kaká. The club was owned by Italian businessman and politician Silvio Berlusconi from 1986 to…

malathion, broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide (used to kill ticks and mites). Considerably less toxic to humans than parathion, malathion is suited for the control of household and garden insects and is important in the control of mosquitoes, boll weevils, fruit flies, and

Maldives, independent island country in the north-central Indian Ocean. It consists of a chain of about 1,200 small coral islands and sandbanks (some 200 of which are inhabited), grouped in clusters, or atolls. The islands extend more than 510 miles (820 km) from north to south and 80 miles (130

Maldives, independent island country in the north-central Indian Ocean. It consists of a chain of about 1,200 small coral islands and sandbanks (some 200 of which are inhabited), grouped in clusters, or atolls. The islands extend more than 510 miles (820 km) from north to south and 80 miles (130

national flag consisting of a white crescent on a green panel surrounded by a wide red border. The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 2 to 3.Arabs from the Arabian Peninsula and East African coast have sailed and traded widely throughout the Indian Ocean for centuries. Many of their ships carried

history of the Maldives, a survey of the important events and people in the history of the Maldives. Located in the north-central Indian Ocean, the Maldives is an independent island country that consists of a chain of about 1,200 small coral islands and sandbanks (some 200 of which are inhabited),

Maldives, independent island country in the north-central Indian Ocean. It consists of a chain of about 1,200 small coral islands and sandbanks (some 200 of which are inhabited), grouped in clusters, or atolls. The islands extend more than 510 miles (820 km) from north to south and 80 miles (130

Mohamed Nasheed: Early life and political activism: …he helped found the opposition Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) in November 2004.

Maldives: People: …is an Indo-European language called Dhivehi (or Maldivian); Arabic, Hindi, and English are also spoken. Islam is the state religion.

Maldon: district, administrative and historic county of Essex, southeastern England. The town site, on the south side of the Blackwater estuary, was occupied in prehistoric times, and a burgh was established there by the Saxons. A battle, commemorated in an Old English poem, was fought between…

Maldon, town (parish) and district, administrative and historic county of Essex, southeastern England. The town site, on the south side of the Blackwater estuary, was occupied in prehistoric times, and a burgh was established there by the Saxons. A battle, commemorated in an Old English poem, was

Battle of Maldon, in English history, a conflict fought in 991 between Saxons and victorious Viking raiders. The battle was commemorated in an Old English heroic poem, which described the war parties aligned on either side of a stream in Essex. The poem recorded the names of English deserters as

Maldonado, town, southeastern Uruguay. It lies near the Atlantic coast, 67 miles (107 km) east of Montevideo, and just northwest of the resort city of Punta del Este. Founded in 1757, it was sacked by British forces in 1806, but many colonial buildings and ruins of Spanish fortifications remain.

Salma Hayek: …directorial debut, the television movie The Maldonado Miracle (2003). The inspirational drama, set in a struggling small town that becomes the site of an alleged miracle, earned Hayek an Emmy Award for outstanding direction. Hayek later became executive producer of the hit television series Ugly Betty (2006–10), a comedy starring…

Concrete Invention: Gyula Kosice, Rhod Rothfuss, Tomás Maldonado, and others collectively produced the first and only issue of the illustrated magazine Arturo, with texts and reproductions of work by many artists, including Joaquín Torres García, Lidy Prati, Wassily Kandinsky, and Piet Mondrian. The appearance of Arturo, which expressed its contributors’ opposition…

Male, island and atoll, capital of Maldives, in the Indian Ocean. It lies on Male Atoll, about 400 miles (645 km) southwest of Sri Lanka. As the seat of government for the Maldivians, it has central courts, a government hospital, public and private schools with instruction in English, and a

Male, island and atoll, capital of Maldives, in the Indian Ocean. It lies on Male Atoll, about 400 miles (645 km) southwest of Sri Lanka. As the seat of government for the Maldivians, it has central courts, a government hospital, public and private schools with instruction in English, and a

muscle disease: The muscular dystrophies: …Duchenne type, which predominately affects boys, is severe. It causes difficulty in walking at about the age of four years, loss of the ability to walk at about the age of 11, and death before the age of 20, usually because of respiratory failure or pulmonary infections. There is a…

Jackson Pollock: Early life and work: 1941), Male and Female (c. 1942), and Guardians of the Secret (1943).

Elliott Nugent: The following year he adapted The Male Animal for the screen, with Henry Fonda, Olivia de Havilland, and Jack Carson heading the cast. In 1944 Nugent directed Danny Kaye in his first feature film, the frenetic comedy Up in Arms. Nugent then reteamed with Hope on the box-office hit My…

Elliott Nugent: …his biggest stage success with The Male Animal, which he cowrote with his longtime friend James Thurber. It centres on a college professor who faces dismissal for his defense of free speech. Further complicating matters is the arrival of his wife’s former boyfriend. The play premiered in 1940, with Nugent…

circumcision, the operation of cutting away all or part of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis. The origin of the practice is unknown, although the widespread distribution of circumcision as a ritual suggests great antiquity. Circumcision is generally viewed by anthropologists as a practice through

environmental law: Sustainable development: Two years later, in the Malé Declaration on Sustainable Tourism, 27 Asian-Pacific countries pledged themselves to a set of principles that included fostering awareness of environmental ethics in tourism, reducing waste, promoting natural and cultural diversity, and supporting local economies and local community involvement. Highlighting the growing importance of sustainable…

Lavender Scare: …supposed security threat posed by gay and lesbian federal employees. The term was popularized by American historian David K. Johnson, who published the book The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government (2004), in which he documents those whose lives and careers were…

infertility, the inability of a couple to conceive and reproduce. Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after one year of regular intercourse without contraception or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to a live birth. Infertility can affect either the male or the female and

human endocrine system: The testis: …by late-onset hypogonadism (andropause, or male menopause), which begins around age 40 and results in decreased testicular function and testosterone deficiency. Symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism include decreased libido, fatigue, depression, and erectile dysfunction. The condition may proceed unnoticed for many years because symptoms are often subtle.

Alun Owen: …quartet of plays, televised as Male of the Species (1969), with Laurence Olivier, Paul Scofield, Sean Connery, and Michael Caine, was immensely successful and was produced for the stage in 1974. But, although the play set out to depict the exploitation of women, the protagonist of the piece, Mary MacNeil,…

Italian literature: Other writings: …world of psychological introspection (Il male oscuro [1964; “The Dark Sickness”] and La cosa buffa [1966; “The Funny Thing”; Eng. trans. Antonio in Love]). Natalia Ginzburg’s territory is the family, whether she reminisces about her own (Lessico famigliare [1963; Family Sayings]), handles fictional characters (Famiglia

baldness: …first category is dominated by male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia). By age 50, some 30 to 50 of men have been affected by male pattern baldness, which progresses gradually, beginning with a characteristic recession of the hairline at the front or thinning of the crown hair and proceeding, in extreme…

Thomas Hoccleve: ” His poem La Mâle Règle (1406; “The Male Regimen”) presents a vivid picture of the delights of a bachelor’s evening amusements in the taverns and cookshops of Westminster. Hoccleve married in about 1411.

Liège: …1312, an event known as Male Saint-Martin. Political equality was granted to the laborers and to most of the trade guilds in 1313.

Male, island and atoll, capital of Maldives, in the Indian Ocean. It lies on Male Atoll, about 400 miles (645 km) southwest of Sri Lanka. As the seat of government for the Maldivians, it has central courts, a government hospital, public and private schools with instruction in English, and a

Louis II was the count of Flanders, Nevers, and Réthel (1346–84), who, by marrying his daughter Margaret to the Burgundian duke Philip the Bold (1369), prepared the way for the subsequent union of Flanders and Burgundy. The reign of Louis of Mâle was one long struggle with the Flemish communes,

Louis II was the count of Flanders, Nevers, and Réthel (1346–84), who, by marrying his daughter Margaret to the Burgundian duke Philip the Bold (1369), prepared the way for the subsequent union of Flanders and Burgundy. The reign of Louis of Mâle was one long struggle with the Flemish communes,

Camille Lemonnier: …wrote his first outstanding novel, Un Mâle (1881; “A Male”), under the influence of the naturalism of Émile Zola. Like his other novels, it is a work of great violence, describing characters of unbridled instincts and passions. Happe-Chair (1886), composed before but published after Zola’s Germinal, deals with the life…

Malebo Pool, lakelike expansion of the lower Congo River above Livingstone Falls, between the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) to the west and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) to the east. It covers an area of 174 square miles (450 square km) and is divided into deep navigable

Nicolas Malebranche was a French Roman Catholic priest, theologian, and major philosopher of Cartesianism, the school of philosophy arising from the work of René Descartes. His philosophy sought to synthesize Cartesianism with the thought of St. Augustine and with Neoplatonism. Malebranche, the

Malecite, North American Indians of the Algonquian language family who occupied the Saint John valley in what is now New Brunswick, Can., and the northeastern corner of what is now the U.S. state of Maine. Their language was closely related to that of the Passamaquoddy, and they were members of the

Malakula, volcanic island, the second largest island (781 square miles [2,023 square km]) of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is 58 miles (94 km) long by 27 miles (44 km) wide and lies about 20 miles (32 km) south of Espiritu Santo, across the Bougainville (Malo) Strait. Its central

Angelina Jolie: Film roles: …of the titular villain in Maleficent (2014). The live-action film attempted to cast the evil fairy from the 1959 Disney animated classic Sleeping Beauty in a more sympathetic light. Jolie later starred in the sequel (2019). In 2020 she starred in the fantasy-adventure Come Away, playing the mother of Peter…

Angelina Jolie: Film roles: Jolie later starred in the sequel (2019). In 2020 she starred in the fantasy-adventure Come Away, playing the mother of Peter Pan and Alice (of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland), characters created by J.M. Barrie and Lewis Carroll, respectively.

Federico García Lorca: Early poetry and plays: …maleficio de la mariposa (The Butterfly’s Evil Spell in Five Plays: Comedies and Tragi-Comedies, 1970), a symbolist work about a lovesick cockroach, in Madrid in 1920. Critics and audiences ridiculed the drama, and it closed after four performances. Lorca’s next full-length play, the historical verse drama Mariana Pineda (written…

Malegaon, city, northwestern Maharashtra state, western India. The city is part of the Nasik urban agglomeration and is located on the Girna River and on the highway between Mumbai (Bombay) and Agra (in Uttar Pradesh state). Malegaon was an early centre of the hand-loom industry. It rapidly

South Asian arts: Medieval temple architecture: South Indian style of Karnataka: The Mālegitti Śivālaya temple at Bāẖāmi (early 8th century), consisting of a sanctum, a hall with a parapet of śālās and kūṭas (rectangular and square miniature shrines), and an open porch, is similar to examples in Tamil Nadu. The Virūpākṣa at Pattadkal (c. 733–746) is the…

maleic acid, unsaturated organic dibasic acid, used in making polyesters for fibre-reinforced laminated moldings and paint vehicles, and in the manufacture of fumaric acid and many other chemical products. Maleic acid and its anhydride are prepared industrially by the catalytic oxidation of

carboxylic acid: Polycarboxylic acids: Maleic anhydride, which is made industrially by oxidation of benzene (C6H6), is often used as a dienophile (isolated alkene component) in Diels-Alder reactions.

heterocyclic compound: Five- and six-membered rings with two or more heteroatoms: The pyridazine derivative maleic hydrazide is a herbicide, and some pyrazines occur naturally—the antibiotic aspergillic acid, for example. The structures of the aforementioned compounds are:

Rami Malek is an American actor known for his immersive portrayals of a diverse range of characters, notably hacker Elliot Alderson in the critically acclaimed TV series Mr. Robot (2015–19) and legendary rock star Freddie Mercury in the biopic Bohemian Rhapsody (2018). For the latter performance,

Rami Malek is an American actor known for his immersive portrayals of a diverse range of characters, notably hacker Elliot Alderson in the critically acclaimed TV series Mr. Robot (2015–19) and legendary rock star Freddie Mercury in the biopic Bohemian Rhapsody (2018). For the latter performance,

western Africa: Muslims in western Africa: Malel, to the south of Ghana, may similarly have been a prototype of the later Mande kingdom of Mali, which ultimately was to eclipse and absorb Ghana itself.

Julius Malema is a South African politician known for his fiery outspoken nature and inspiring oratory. He entered the national political arena first as the president (2008–12) of the African National Congress Youth League and then as the leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters, the leftist

Julius Malema is a South African politician known for his fiery outspoken nature and inspiring oratory. He entered the national political arena first as the president (2008–12) of the African National Congress Youth League and then as the leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters, the leftist

Kakongo: Kakongo’s principal port, Malemba, became a major centre for the export slave trade in the early 1700s—especially for English, Dutch, and French merchants—and port facilities were expanded from that time to handle increasing numbers of ships. Powerful local families who held titles such as “governor of the harbour”…

Édouard Glissant: …narrative structure of his novel Malemort (1975) interweaves the colonial history of Martinique with an examination of contemporary experience, a technique he used again in La Case du commandeur (1981; “The Commander’s Cabin”). Glissant’s other verse collections include Boises (1977; “Woods”) and Pays rêvé, pays réel (1985; “Countries Dreamed, Countries…

Peggy Whitson: …10, 2007—aboard Soyuz TMA-11 with Yury Malenchenko of Russia and Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor of Malaysia—as the commander of the Expedition 16 mission. The first female commander of the ISS, Whitson supervised and directed a significant expansion of the living and working space on the ISS, including the installation of components…

children’s literature: Russia/Soviet Union: , From Two to Five, 1963), however, that the opposition of two familiar forces, entertainment and instruction, can be sensed most clearly. The tension is typically expressed in Chukovsky’s account of the Soviet war over the fairy tale, the opposition to which reached its high point…

Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov was a prominent Soviet statesman and Communist Party official, a close collaborator of Joseph Stalin, and the prime minister (March 1953–February 1955) after Stalin’s death. Having entered the Red Army (1919) during the civil war that followed the 1917 October

Albert Camus: Camus’s literary career: …output, although Le Malentendu (Cross Purpose) and Caligula, first produced in 1944 and 1945, respectively, remain landmarks in the Theatre of the Absurd. Two of his most enduring contributions to the theatre may well be his stage adaptations of William Faulkner’s Requiem for a Nun (Requiem pour une nonne;…

Ram Singh: …armed bands of Sikhs attacked Maler Kotla, a Muslim community, and a large number of the attackers were captured by the British. The British, sensing that this was no mere bandit raid but the start of a revolt in the Punjab, dealt with the Kukas in a cruel way: according…

Eduard Friedrich Mörike: His novel, Maler Nolten (1832), in addition to its stylistic perfection and psychological insight into mental unbalance, explores the realm of the subconscious and the mysterious forces linking the main character and his early love even beyond the grave. Mörike’s poems in folk-song style and his fairy…

Franco Malerba is an Italian biophysicist, astronaut, and member of the European Parliament, the first Italian to travel into space. Malerba received a B.S. in engineering (with a specialization in telecommunications) from the University of Genoa in 1970. After doing research at the Italian

Franco Malerba is an Italian biophysicist, astronaut, and member of the European Parliament, the first Italian to travel into space. Malerba received a B.S. in engineering (with a specialization in telecommunications) from the University of Genoa in 1970. After doing research at the Italian

Italian literature: Experimentalism and the new avant-garde: …1,371 pages, in 1993; and Luigi Malerba, an original and linguistically inventive writer with a taste for satire, whose first work of fiction, the witty and paradoxical La scoperta dell’alfabeto (1963; “The Discovery of the Alphabet”), was published in the same year as the Palermo encounter. Malerba after a time…

Lucia Moholy: …book Malerei, Photografie, Film (1925; Painting, Photography, Film), which was cowritten by the couple but published solely under Moholy-Nagy’s name. That lack of recognition became Moholy’s lifelong struggle.

biblical literature: Italian versions: …from the Latin Vulgate by Niccolò Malermi. In 1559 Pope Paul IV proscribed all printing and reading of the vernacular Scriptures except by permission of the church. This move, reaffirmed by Pope Pius IV in 1564, effectively stopped further Catholic translation work for the next 200 years.

Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes was a lawyer and royal administrator who attempted, with limited success, to introduce reforms into France’s autocratic regime during the reigns of Kings Louis XV (ruled 1715–74) and Louis XVI (ruled 1774–92). Malesherbes’s father, Guillaume II de

Malpighiales: Smaller families: Malesherbiaceae contains only Malesherbia (24 species), a genus of herbs and shrubs from often dry regions of western subtropical South America. Members of Malesherbiaceae are fetid and often densely glandular hairy plants with distinctive flowers. The calyx and corolla tube is persistent in fruit. The…

biogeographic region: Malesian subkingdom: This subkingdom encompasses the islands of Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, extending as far east as the mainland of New Guinea (Figure 3). Although it had sometimes been included with India in an Indo-Malayan region, the flora of what C.G.G.J. van Steenis…

Claude-François de Malet was a French general who conspired against Napoleon and attempted an almost successful coup d’état on October 22–23, 1812. The descendant of a noble family, Malet had his first military experience with the king’s musketeers in 1771; when the Revolution broke out, he

Hungary: The Revolution of 1956: Pál Maléter, the Nagy government’s minister of defense, who had been invited by the Soviet commanders to negotiate, was taken captive and eventually executed.

Maletsunyane Falls, single cataract on a tributary of the Orange River in Lesotho, 75 miles (121 km) southeast of Maseru. With a drop of 630 feet (192 meters), it is one of the world’s highest waterfalls and is important to Lesotho as a tourist

Benevento, city and archiepiscopal see, Campania regione, southern Italy. The city lies on a ridge between the Calore and Sabato rivers, northeast of Naples. It originated as Malies, a town of the Oscans, or Samnites; later known as Maleventum, or Malventum, it was renamed Beneventum by the Romans.

Kazimir Malevich was an avant-garde painter who was the founder of the Suprematist school of abstract painting. Malevich, who was born to parents of Polish origin, studied drawing in Kyiv and then attended the Stroganov School in Moscow and the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and

Kazimir Malevich was an avant-garde painter who was the founder of the Suprematist school of abstract painting. Malevich, who was born to parents of Polish origin, studied drawing in Kyiv and then attended the Stroganov School in Moscow and the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and

malformation, in biology, irregular or abnormal structural development. Malformations occur in both plants and animals and have a number of causes. The processes of development are regulated in such a way that few malformed organisms are found. Those that do appear may, when properly studied, shed

Baji Rao I: …was Baji Rao’s appointment of Malhar Rao Holkar as his chief general in Malwa in 1724. Holkar was able to set up a dynasty, which challenged Baji Rao II in 1801 and forced him to flee to the city of Bassein, where he sought protection from the British (see Treaty…

Daniel François Malherbe was a South African novelist, poet, and dramatist whose work helped establish Afrikaans as the cultural language of South Africa. He published many volumes of poetry and drama but is known primarily as a novelist for such works as Vergeet nil (1913; “Don’t Forget”), an

François de Malherbe was a French poet who described himself as un excellent arrangeur de syllabes and theoretician whose insistence upon strict form, restraint, and purity of diction prepared the way for French Classicism. Malherbe received a Protestant education at Caen and Paris and later at the

Malheur River, river rising in the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness on the southern slopes of the Blue Mountains in the Malheur National Forest, Oregon, U.S. It flows southeast, north, and northeast to join the Snake River at Ontario on the Idaho state line, after a course of 165 miles (266 km). Warm

Oregon: Relief and drainage: The Malheur-Owyhee Upland of southeastern Oregon is generally a high, warped plateau. It contains older lava and has been more eroded than the High Lava Plains. The major drainage system, the Owyhee River, has incised several notable canyons in an area locally called the Rimrock Country.…

Mali, landlocked country of western Africa, mostly in the Saharan and Sahelian regions. Mali is largely flat and arid. The Niger River flows through its interior, functioning as the main trading and transport artery in the country. Sections of the river flood periodically, providing much-needed

Mande, group of peoples of western Africa, whose various Mande languages form a branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Mande are located primarily on the savanna plateau of the western Sudan, although small groups of Mande origin, whose members no longer exhibit Mande cultural traits, are

Mali, trading empire that flourished in western Africa from the 13th to the 16th century. The Mali empire developed from the state of Kangaba, on the upper Niger River east of the Fouta Djallon, and is said to have been founded before 1000 ce. The Malinke inhabitants of Kangaba acted as middlemen

Mali, town, northern Guinea. Located on the Fouta Djallon plateau at an elevation of about 4,600 feet (1,400 m), it is the chief trading centre for the cattle, rice, millet, oranges, and peanuts (groundnuts) produced in the surrounding area. A hydroelectric plant (18 miles [29 km] south-southwest)

Museum of Art in Lima (MALI), art museum in Lima, Peru, that features the art of Peru from the ancient to the contemporary. (Read Sister Wendy’s Britannica essay on art appreciation.) The Museum of Art in Lima maintains one of Peru’s broadest art collections, featuring work from pre-Columbian times

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …of spitting cobra least concern Mali cobra, also called the Katian spitting cobra Naja katiensis West Africa a brown snake; juveniles are diurnal, but adults are active by day as well as night least concern Mozambique spitting cobra Naja mossambica Southern and southeastern Africa, primarily Mozambique temperamental snake known for…

Mali, trading empire that flourished in western Africa from the 13th to the 16th century. The Mali empire developed from the state of Kangaba, on the upper Niger River east of the Fouta Djallon, and is said to have been founded before 1000 ce. The Malinke inhabitants of Kangaba acted as middlemen

Mali Federation, short-lived union between the autonomous territories of the Sudanese Republic and Senegal in West Africa. The federation took effect on April 4, 1959, achieved complete independence on June 20, 1960 (remaining within the French Community), and was dissolved by Senegal’s secession

Mali River, river, rising in the hills near the northern border of Myanmar (Burma) and flowing about 200 miles (320 km) south to unite with the Nmai River and form the Irrawaddy River (q.v.). The Mali River is partially

Šar Mountains, mountain range in western North Macedonia and southern Kosovo, one of the most rugged and impassable in the Balkans, extending northeast–southwest for about 47 miles (75 km). A southern continuation along the Albanian frontier, which includes the Korab, Bistra, Jablanica, and