Giorgione: Works: The Tempest is a milestone in Renaissance landscape painting, with its dramatization of a storm about to break. Here is the kind of poetic interpretation of nature that the Renaissance writers Pietro Bembo and Jacopo Sannazzaro evoked. This feeling for nature is probably also intimately…

Alma Mahler: …times, most notably in The Tempest (1914; Die Windsbraut). In 1915 she married the architect Walter Gropius; they were divorced after World War I. She married the writer Franz Werfel in 1929. In the late 1930s the Werfels left Nazi Germany, eventually settling in the United States.

Julie Taymor: Feature films and beyond: …a soundtrack of the Beatles; The Tempest (2010), based on the play by Shakespeare and for which she changed the male role of Prospero to a female Prospera, portrayed by Helen Mirren; and The Glorias (2020), a biopic about feminist icon Gloria Steinem. Taymor also worked with Goldenthal on two…

Thomas Adès: …the early 21st century included The Tempest (2003), an opera inspired by William Shakespeare’s play, and In Seven Days (2008), an orchestral piece accompanied by video images. As a pianist, he appeared on several recordings, including the solo release Piano (2000). His orchestral works from the 2010s comprised Polaris (2011);…

Tempest-Tost, novel by Robertson Davies, the first in his series of books known as the Salterton

Moustiers faience: …inspired by the engravings of Antonio Tempesta (d. 1630); in the later period (1710–40), by the engravings of Jean Bérain the Elder (1638–1711), whose designs greatly influenced French decorative art at the time. Wares in the Bérain style, for which Moustiers is probably most famous, are delicate and fanciful; large…

Fanny Elssler: …1834 in Jean Co-alli’s ballet La Tempête, derived from William Shakespeare’s The Tempest. Her immediate success divided Parisian balletomanes into two camps, since the warmth and spontaneity of her dancing was in marked contrast to the ethereal lightness of her greatest rival, Marie Taglioni. Théophile Gautier called Elssler “the Spaniard…

Siger de Brabant: …1270 the bishop of Paris, Étienne Tempier, condemned 13 errors in the teaching of Siger and his partisans. Six years later the inquisitor of the Roman Catholic Church in France summoned Siger and two others suspected of heterodoxy, but they fled to Italy, where they probably entered an appeal before…

Tempietto, small circular chapel erected in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio in Rome on the supposed site of the martyrdom of St. Peter. It was commissioned by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and was built in 1502 after designs made by Donato Bramante. The design was inspired by a particular

Tempio Malatestiano, burial chapel in Rimini, Italy, for Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, the lord of the city, together with his mistress Isotta degli Atti and the Malatesta family. The “temple” was converted, beginning in 1446, from the Gothic-style Church of San Francesco according to the plans of

Templar, member of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, a religious military order of knighthood established at the time of the Crusades that became a model and inspiration for other military orders. Originally founded to protect Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land, the order

the Saint, fictional English gentleman-adventurer who was the protagonist of short stories and mystery novels by Leslie Charteris. A good-natured, gallant figure, Templar defies social convention and lives outside the law, and yet he emerges untarnished from his shadowy adventures. Meet the Tiger

Laon: A 12th-century octagonal Chapel of the Templars stands in the museum gardens. The old town has a monument to the explorer Jacques Marquette, also born in Laon.

hallucination: The nature of hallucinations: …variously been called neural traces, templates, or engrams. Ideas and images are held to derive from the incorporation and activation of these engrams in complex circuits involving nerve cells. Such circuits in the cortex (outer layers) of the brain appear to subserve the neurophysiology of memory, thought, imagination,

reproduction: Molecular replication: …the process is called a template replication—one strand serves as the mold for the other. It should be added that the steps involving the duplication of DNA do not occur spontaneously; they require catalysts in the form of enzymes that promote the replication process.

transcription: This is called the template strand, and the RNA molecules produced are single-stranded messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The DNA strand that would correspond to the mRNA is called the coding or sense strand. In eukaryotes (organisms that possess a nucleus) the initial product of transcription is called a pre-mRNA.

machine tool: Gear-cutting machines: The template-cutting method uses a template to guide a single-point cutter on large bevel-gear cutting machines.

temple, edifice constructed for religious worship. Most of Christianity calls its places of worship churches; many religions use temple, a word derived in English from the Latin word for time, because of the importance to the Romans of the proper time of sacrifices. The name synagogue, which is

Temple, city, Bell county, central Texas, U.S. It lies along the Little River, just southeast of Belton Lake (impounded on the Leon River) and some 35 miles (55 km) south-southwest of Waco. With the cities of Bartlett, Belton, Copperas Cove, Gatesville, Salado, and Killeen, it forms part of the

history of Mesopotamia: Territorial states: …the concept of the Sumerian temple city, which was used to convey the idea of an organism whose ruler, as representative of his god, theoretically owned all land, privately held agricultural land being a rare exception. The concept of the temple city had its origin partly in the overinterpretation of…

Israel: The war of 1948: …last remnant of the ancient Temple destroyed by the Romans and held holy by Jews, was occupied by the Jordanians, and Jerusalem’s lifeline to the coast was jeopardized. The Egyptians held Gaza, and the Syrians entrenched themselves in the Golan Heights overlooking Galilee. The 1948 war was Israel’s costliest: more…

temple garment, a one- or two-piece white garment worn underneath everyday clothing by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who have received their temple endowment. The temple endowment is one of the church’s sacred ceremonies (called ordinances), in which followers make

Claire Danes: TV success: Temple Grandin and Homeland: …starred in the TV movie Temple Grandin, portraying the title character, a brilliant American scientist with autism. Danes immersed herself in the part, and she won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe. That performance led to another defining role, bipolar CIA agent Carrie Mathison in the series Homeland. After…

Temple Mount, site of the Temple of Jerusalem, which was destroyed by the Romans on the 9th/10th of Av in 70 ce (see Tisha be-Av). It consists of a raised platform that, since the 7th century, has been home to the Islamic holy sites of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. The lower section of

Ictinus: The Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae (in Arcadia, near Phigalia) was said to be modeled after the Temple of Athena Alea (by Scopas) at Tegea, the most beautiful temple in the Peloponnese, which incorporated the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders in novel ways. Most of…

The Sea of Fertility: …Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The Decay of the Angel)—is set in Japan, and together they cover the period from roughly 1912 to the 1960s. Each of them depicts a different reincarnation of the same being: as a young aristocrat in 1912, as…

Elizabeth Mavor: At the end of The Temple of Flora (1961), the heroine renounces her married lover but realizes the depths of emotion of which she is capable. Mavor’s third novel, The Redoubt (1967), is concerned with betrayal and regrowth; it uses shifting narrators and techniques to contrast the unhappy marriages…

William Goldman: His first novel, The Temple of Gold, was published the following year. In 1961 he wrote the play Blood, Sweat, and Stanley Poole and a poorly received musical, A Family Affair (1962), with his older brother, James.

Temple of Heaven, large religious complex in the old outer city of Beijing, considered the supreme achievement of traditional Chinese architecture. Its layout symbolizes the belief that heaven is round and earth square. The three buildings are built in a straight line. The Hall of Prayer for Good

Alice Walker: Later work and controversies: Walker’s later fiction includes The Temple of My Familiar, an ambitious examination of racial and sexual tensions (1989); Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992), a narrative centered on female genital mutilation; By the Light of My Father’s Smile (1998), the story of a family of anthropologists posing as Christian…

The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, novel by Mishima Yukio, first published in Japanese as Kinkakuji in 1956. The novel is considered one of the author’s masterpieces. A fictionalized account of the actual torching of a Kyōto temple by a disturbed Buddhist acolyte in 1950, the novel reflects

Temple of the Tooth, Buddhist temple within the royal palace complex in Kandy, Sri Lanka, that is Sri Lanka’s most important Buddhist shrine. Also known as the Sri Dalada Maligawa, or Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, it is said to house a tooth of the Buddha and is a pilgrimage site for Buddhists

Community of Christ: Temple School, a ministerial and leadership seminary, is in Independence.

biblical literature: The Book of Jubilees: The (unpublished) Temple Scroll, a book of sectarian prescriptions that paraphrases—also as divine revelation—a part of the Mosaic Law and was composed by the Dead Sea sect before 100 bce (i.e., in the same period as the Book of Jubilees), closely resembles some parts of the Book…

oracle: …the most common methods was incubation, in which the inquirer slept in a holy precinct and received an answer in a dream.

Temple University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is a state-related university and comprises nine campuses: four in Philadelphia, two in Montgomery county, one in Harrisburg, and two abroad, in Rome and Tokyo. Courses are also

Frederick Temple was the archbishop of Canterbury and an educational reformer who was sometimes considered to personify, by his rugged appearance and terse manner as a schoolmaster and bishop, the ideal of “manliness” fashionable during the Victorian era (1837–1901) in Britain. Ordained a priest in

George Nugent Temple Grenville, 1st marquess of Buckingham was George Grenville’s second son, created (1784) the marquess of Buckingham (the town). He made his mark as lord lieutenant of Ireland. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, Temple was member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire from

Lord Palmerston was an English Whig-Liberal statesman whose long career, including many years as British foreign secretary (1830–34, 1835–41, and 1846–51) and prime minister (1855–58 and 1859–65), made him a symbol of British nationalism. The christening of Henry John Temple in the “House of

Le Temple, in Paris, originally a fortified monastery of the Templars and later a royal prison. It was built in the 12th century northeast of the city in an area commanded by the Templars; the area is now the Temple quarter of Paris (3rd arrondissement). By the 13th century the Temple, especially

Candlemas, Christian festival on February 2 commemorating the occasion when the Virgin Mary, in obedience to Jewish law, went to the Temple in Jerusalem both to be purified 40 days after the birth of her son, Jesus, and to present him to God as her firstborn (Luke 2:22–38). The festival was

Richard Grenville-Temple, 1st Earl Temple was an English statesman, the brother-in-law of William Pitt, under whom he served as the first lord of the Admiralty. The eldest son of Richard Grenville (d. 1727) and Hester, afterward Countess Temple, he was educated at Eton and was member of Parliament

Richard Grenville-Temple, 1st Earl Temple was an English statesman, the brother-in-law of William Pitt, under whom he served as the first lord of the Admiralty. The eldest son of Richard Grenville (d. 1727) and Hester, afterward Countess Temple, he was educated at Eton and was member of Parliament

Shirley Temple was an American actress and public official who was an internationally popular child star of the 1930s, best known for sentimental musicals. For much of the decade, she was one of Hollywood’s greatest box-office attractions. Encouraged to perform by her mother, Temple began taking

Shirley Temple was an American actress and public official who was an internationally popular child star of the 1930s, best known for sentimental musicals. For much of the decade, she was one of Hollywood’s greatest box-office attractions. Encouraged to perform by her mother, Temple began taking

Sir William Temple, Baronet was an English statesman and diplomat who formulated the pro-Dutch foreign policy employed intermittently during the reign of King Charles II. In addition, his thought and prose style had a great influence on many 18th-century writers, particularly on Jonathan Swift.

The Temple, in London, series of buildings associated with the legal profession. The Temple lies between Fleet Street and the Embankment in the City of London and is mainly divided into the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, two of the four Inns of Court, which are controlled by their respective

William Temple was the archbishop of Canterbury who was a leader in the ecumenical movement and in educational and labour reforms. Temple was the son of Frederick Temple, who also served as archbishop of Canterbury (1896–1902). The younger Temple lectured in philosophy at Queen’s College, Oxford

the Doobie Brothers: Early years: …the attention of record producer Ted Templeman, who had signed the Doobie Brothers to Warner Brothers Records by the end of 1970. Templeman went on to produce every studio album by the band until Cycles (1989).

Malayan Emergency: …leadership of British high commissioner Sir Gerald Templer, however, the British began addressing political and economic grievances. In the early 1950s several measures, including local elections and the creation of village councils, were introduced to facilitate independence. In addition, many Chinese were granted citizenship. Such actions decreased support for the…

Templeton Prize, award presented annually to a living person who has “made an exceptional contribution to affirming life’s spiritual dimension, whether through insight, discovery, or practical works.” Though the prize is considered by some to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for religion,

Templeton Prize, award presented annually to a living person who has “made an exceptional contribution to affirming life’s spiritual dimension, whether through insight, discovery, or practical works.” Though the prize is considered by some to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for religion,

Templeton Prize, award presented annually to a living person who has “made an exceptional contribution to affirming life’s spiritual dimension, whether through insight, discovery, or practical works.” Though the prize is considered by some to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for religion,

Fay Templeton was an American singer and actress who enjoyed popularity in a career that extended from light opera to burlesque to musical theatre. Templeton was the daughter of theatrical parents—principals in the touring John Templeton Opera Company—and grew up entirely in that milieu. She was

floor covering: Carpet and rug weaving: …process, which was patented by James Templeton of Glasgow, gave increased colour range to carpet designs.

Sir Samuel Hoare, 2nd Baronet was a British statesman who was a chief architect of the Government of India Act of 1935 and, as foreign secretary (1935), was criticized for his proposed settlement of Italian claims in Ethiopia (the Hoare–Laval Plan). He was the elder son of Sir Samuel Hoare, whose

Templo Mayor, archaeological site, located just off Mexico City’s Plaza de la Constitución, of the Templo Mayor, or the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlán. Excavation of the temple, which was first constructed about 1325, began in 1978. In 1987 a museum was built on the site to store and exhibit the

Dome of the Rock: Purpose and significance: …of the Rock with the Temple of Solomon (Templum Domini); its image was iconographically employed in both artwork and ritual objects to represent the Temple. The Knights Templar were quartered there following the conquest of Jerusalem by a Crusader army in 1099, and Templar churches in Europe imitated its design.…

film: Tempo: The tempo or pace that an audience senses in a film may be influenced in three ways: by the actual speed and rhythm of movement and cuts within the film, by the accompanying music, and by the content of the story. For most people,…

tempo, speed or pacing of a piece of music, playing an essential role in performance and acting as the heartbeat of expression. The word tempo, meaning “time” in Italian, is derived from the Latin tempus. Prior to the 17th century, Western classical music rarely made use of tempo markings, since

Nélida Piñon: …first collection of short stories: Tempo das frutas (1966; “Season of Fruit”). In 1970 she launched a program in creative writing at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Her next novel, A casa da paixão (1972; “The House of Passion”; winner of the Mário de Andrade Prize from the…

Érico Lopes Veríssimo: , Time and the Wind, 1951), traces the history of a Brazilian family through several generations to the late 20th century. It is perhaps the most faithful portrayal of the gaucho.

folk music: Singing styles: …which he named parlando-rubato and tempo giusto. Parlando-rubato, stressing the words, departs frequently from strict metric and rhythmic patterns and is often highly ornamented, while tempo giusto follows metric patterns and maintains an even tempo. Both singing styles can be heard in many parts of Europe and in European-derived folk…

musical notation: Tempo and duration: The tempo mark is a sign that lies outside the staff. It appears above and may be a precise fixing of one duration (“♩ = 120 MM” means that the quarter note lasts 1120 of a minute, or one-half second), or it may be an approximate…

Tempō reforms, (1841–43), unsuccessful attempt by the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868) to restore the feudal agricultural society that prevailed in Japan at the beginning of its rule. Named after the Tempō era (1830–44) in which they occurred, the reforms demonstrated the ineffectiveness of

rubato, (from Italian rubare, “to rob”), in music, subtle rhythmic manipulation and nuance in performance. For greater musical expression, the performer may stretch certain beats, measures, or phrases and compact others. The technique is seldom indicated on a musical score but may be utilized

Ermanno Olmi: …tempo si è fermato (1959; Time Stood Still), an analysis of the relationship between two guards forced to spend the winter together in inactivity. The success of this film led to the formation of 22 December S.p.A., a production company cofounded by Olmi that distributed his first commercial feature film,…

Il Tempo, morning daily newspaper published in Rome, one of Italy’s outstanding newspapers and one with broad appeal and influence in the Roman region. It was founded in 1944 by Renato Angiolillo as a conservative paper with a strong anticommunist bias. Il Tempo quickly became recognized as a

connective tissue disease: Necrotizing vasculitides: Giant-cell or temporal arteritis occurs chiefly in older people and is manifested by severe temporal or occipital headaches (in the temples or at the back of the head), mental disturbances, visual difficulties, fever, anemia, aching pains and weakness in the muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdles…

skull: The parietal and temporal bones form the sides and uppermost portion of the dome of the cranium, and the frontal bone forms the forehead; the cranial floor consists of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones. The facial area includes the zygomatic, or malar, bones (cheekbones), which join with the…

autism: Neuropathology: …has been observed is the temporal lobe. The temporal lobe specializes in the processing of auditory stimuli and houses the Wernicke area, a region of motor neurons involved in speech comprehension.

property law: Temporal divisions: Anglo-American law is notorious for the number and complexity of temporal divisions of ownership it allows. The English law on the topic was considerably simplified in 1925, when it became impossible to have legal ownership divided temporally other than between landlord and tenant.…

temporal isolation, in biology, a type of reproductive isolation mechanism among sexual organisms in which the differences in the timing of critical reproductive events prevent members of closely related species, which could otherwise breed with one another, from mating and producing hybrid

Cornelis van Bynkershoek: …helped develop international law along positivist lines.

autism: Neuropathology: …has been observed is the temporal lobe. The temporal lobe specializes in the processing of auditory stimuli and houses the Wernicke area, a region of motor neurons involved in speech comprehension.

applied logic: Temporal logic: Temporal notions have historically close relationships with logical ones. For example, many early thinkers who did not distinguish logical and natural necessity from each other (e.g., Aristotle) assimilated to each other necessary truth and omnitemporal truth (truth obtaining at all times), as well…

summation: …on one nerve are called temporal summation; the addition of simultaneous stimuli from several conducting fibres is called spatial summation.

church year: The major church calendars: …two concurrent cycles: (1) the Proper of Time (Temporale), or seasons and Sundays that revolve around the movable date of Easter and the fixed date of Christmas, and (2) the Proper of Saints (Sanctorale), other commemorations on fixed dates of the year. Every season and holy day is a celebration,…

zygomatic arch: …another major chewing muscle, the temporalis, passes through the arch. The zygomatic arch is particularly large and robust in herbivorous animals, including baboons and apes. In human evolution the zygomatic arch has tended to become more gracile (slender). For example, Australopithecus robustus, an early hominid, had a large zygomatic arch,…

Franklin D. Roosevelt: Paralysis to presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt: …Republican-dominated legislature to establish the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, which eventually provided unemployment assistance to 10 percent of New York’s families. His aggressive approach to the economic problems of his state, along with his overwhelming electoral victory in 1930, boosted Roosevelt into the front ranks of contenders for the Democratic…

baldness: …destruction of hair follicles, and temporary hair loss, arising from transitory damage to the follicles. The first category is dominated by male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia). By age 50, some 30 to 50 of men have been affected by male pattern baldness, which progresses gradually, beginning with a characteristic recession…

Renovated Church: … and Vladimir Krasnitsky, organized a Temporary Higher Church Administration, which rapidly evolved into a general movement aimed at deposing the patriarch and introducing radical church reforms. The Temporary Administration found support among some bishops, but it was particularly popular with the “white,” or married, clergy, who were excluded from promotion…

insurance: Classes of benefits: Second is a temporary incapacity benefit, which lasts as long as the medical benefit except that a waiting period of a few days is frequently prescribed. The benefit varies from country to country, ranging from 50 percent of the employee’s wage to 100 percent; the most common benefits…

injunction: A temporary injunction is normally in effect only until the hearing of the action is held, or for some lesser period; it is intended to preserve the status quo or prevent irreparable harm before the case can be fully heard.

Henry Clay: Early years: …use a successful plea of temporary insanity to save from the gallows a client accused of murder. Those strategies were among the innovations that marked him as a legal pioneer.

inland water ecosystem: The origin of inland waters: …the termini are permanent or temporary lakes that become saline as evaporation concentrates dissolved salts that either have been introduced by rainwater or have been leached out of substrata within the drainage basin. In arheic systems water falls unpredictably in small amounts and follows haphazard drainage patterns. Apart from rivers…

organized labour: Russia: …with the publication of the Temporary Laws of March 4, 1906, legalizing the formation of public organizations. Union activists attempted to organize nationally, but before an all-Russia trade-union congress could take place, the union movement succumbed to a wave of reaction set off by the dissolution of the second state…

marine ecosystem: Seasonal cycles of production: …and, as a result, the meroplanktonic component of the plankton is higher at these times. General patterns of plankton abundance may be further influenced by local conditions. Heavy rainfall in coastal regions (especially areas in which monsoons prevail) can result in nutrient-rich turbid plumes (i.e., estuarine or riverine plumes) that…

Mary Gordon: …works included the short-story collections Temporary Shelter (1987) and The Stories of Mary Gordon (2006) and the novels Men and Angels (1985), The Other Side (1989), Spending (1998), Pearl (2005), The Love of My Youth (2011), There Your Heart Lies

human digestive system: The teeth: …as the deciduous, milk, or primary dentition, is acquired gradually between the ages of six months and two years. As the jaws grow and expand, these teeth are replaced one by one by the teeth of the secondary set. There are five deciduous teeth and eight permanent teeth in each…

Gig Economy: …that involves the use of temporary or freelance workers to perform jobs typically in the service sector.” However, other definitions also include workers outside the service industry who work on contract, such as freelance writers.

acetaminophen, drug used in the treatment of mild pain, such as headache and pain in joints and muscles, and to reduce fever. Acetaminophen is the major metabolite of acetanilid and phenacetin, which were once commonly used drugs, and is responsible for their analgesic (pain-relieving) effects.

Philippe Soupault: Le Temps des assassins (1945; Age of Assassins), a memoir, details Soupault’s six-month imprisonment by the Vichy government in Tunis, Tunisia, where he worked as a journalist and as director of Radio Tunis. A second autobiography, Mémoires de l’oubli (“Memoirs of Oblivion”), was published in 1981. Soupault also wrote a…

André Malraux: Literary works: In the novel Le Temps du mépris (1935; Days of Contempt, or Days of Wrath), Malraux tells a story of the underground resistance to the Nazis within Hitler’s Germany. Despite Malraux’s evident Marxist sympathies and his bitter criticisms of fascism, this was the only one of his books…

Claude Mauriac: Mauriac’s best-known work, the 10-volume Le Temps immobile (1974–88; “Time Immobilized”), consists of excerpts from letters, documents, and parts of other writers’ works interspersed with entries from his own diaries. These books paint a rich picture of 50 years of French intellectual life, with separate volumes devoted to his father,…

littérature engagée: In his introductory statement to Les Temps Modernes (1945), a review devoted to littérature engagée, Sartre criticized Marcel Proust for his self-involvement and referred to Gustave Flaubert, whose private means allowed him to devote himself to a perfectionist art, as a “talented coupon clipper.”

Louis Hémon: …serialized in a Paris magazine, Le Temps (1914), the novel appeared in book form in 1916, went through many editions, and was translated into all the major languages. Hémon did not live to see its success: he was killed in a train accident before it was published.

Tempskya, genus of fossil tree ferns of the Mesozoic Era (about 65 to 250 million years ago), constituting the family Tempskyaceae, order Polypodiales. It was among the most bizarre of plants, with an unbranched trunk up to 40 cm (16 inches) across, tapering bluntly to a height of about 6 metres

The Temptation of Saint Anthony, novel by Gustave Flaubert, published in 1874 as La Tentation de Saint Antoine. It was also translated as The First Temptation of Saint Anthony. Flaubert called the subject of the narrative his “old infatuation,” which he had begun developing in 1839 as an attempt to

engraving: His “Temptation of St. Anthony” (c. 1470) is unprecedented in its sophisticated use of the medium to achieve a sense of form and surface texture.