clay mineral: General features: These features are continuous two-dimensional tetrahedral sheets of composition Si2O5, with SiO4 tetrahedrons (Figure 1) linked by the sharing of three corners of each tetrahedron to form a hexagonal mesh pattern (Figure 2A). Frequently, silicon atoms of the tetrahedrons are partially substituted for by aluminum and, to a lesser extent,…

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), active constituent of marijuana and hashish that was first isolated from the Indian hemp plant (Cannabis sativa) and synthesized in 1965. For the effects of the drug, see

ether: Complexes of ethers with reagents: …as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF). Similarly, gaseous boron trifluoride (BF3) is more easily used as its liquid complex with diethyl ether, called BF3 etherate, rather than as the toxic, corrosive gas.

pyran: …members of this family is tetrahydropyran, made by hydrogenating the dihydro compound. Sugars often occur in pyranose forms containing the tetrahydropyran ring: a typical example is the glucose unit present in sucrose, starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

hymenostome: …the even more widely studied genus Tetrahymena, which can be easily cultured for biochemical and physiological research. The hymenostomes are characterized by a ventral mouth cavity, which is lined by three membranelles of fused cilia on one side and by an undulating membrane on the other side. In the genus…

thyroxine, one of the two major hormones secreted by the thyroid gland (the other is triiodothyronine). Thyroxine’s principal function is to stimulate the consumption of oxygen and thus the metabolism of all cells and tissues in the body. Thyroxine is formed by the molecular addition of iodine to

organosulfur compound: Sulfuranes: hypervalent organosulfur compounds: …example, the σ-sulfurane (C6F5)4S, named tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)sulfurane, prepared at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F), decomposes to C6F5C6F5 and C6F5SC6F5 upon warming. On the other hand, if protected from moisture, acyclic and cyclic dialkyloxysulfuranes of type R2(R′O)2S are stable at room temperature and find utility as reagents in organic synthesis.

Pythagoreanism: General features of Pythagoreanism: …sometimes mystical, such as the tetraktys, the golden section, and the harmony of the spheres; (5) the Pythagorean theorem; and (6) the demand that members of the order shall observe a strict loyalty and secrecy.

Tetramelaceae, small family of the squash order (Cucurbitales) of flowering plants containing two genera, each with one species. Octomeles sumatrana is among the tallest trees in the forests of Malesia. Tetrameles nudiflora, a tree that grows from Central and East Asia to Australia, has male and

Cucurbitales: Other families: Tetramelaceae includes two genera (Tetrameles and Octomeles) of Indo-Malesian (see Malesian subkingdom) trees, each with one species. Male and female flowers occur on different trees and are borne in pendulous spikes. The ovary is inferior, with the ovules borne on the walls, and the short styles are borne in…

Tetramelaceae: Tetrameles nudiflora, a tree that grows from Central and East Asia to Australia, has male and female blooms on separate trees. The flowers are small and the fruits are dry, splitting open to release the tiny seeds.

evolution: Molecular phylogeny of genes: Hemoglobin molecules are tetramers (molecules made of four subunits), consisting of two polypeptides (relatively short protein chains) of one kind and two of another kind. In embryonic hemoglobin E, one of the two kinds of polypeptide is designated ε; in fetal hemoglogin F, it is γ; in adult…

Tetrameristaceae: The three species of Tetramerista grow in Southeast Asia, and the single species of Pentamerista grows in the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela. Both genera have spiral short-stalked leaves with indistinct venation and marginal glands and bear fleshy fruits that are presumably dispersed by animals. Tetramerista has glistening dots on…

Tetrameristaceae, flowering plant family of the order Ericales, composed of three genera of woody trees and small shrubs. Members of the family are characterized by flowers with glands on the inner surfaces of the sepals, five stamens, and only a single ovule in each part of the ovary. The genus

tetrameter, line of poetic verse that consists of four metrical feet. In English versification, the feet are usually iambs (an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, as in the word ˘be|cause´ ), trochees (a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one, as in the word ti´|ger),˘ or a

arsenic: Commercial production and uses: …organic compounds, as for example tetramethyl diarsine, (CH3)2As―As(CH3)2, used in preparing the common desiccant cacodylic acid. Several complex organic compounds of arsenic have been employed in the treatment of certain diseases, such as amebic dysentery, caused by microorganisms.

organosulfur compound: Occurrence and preparation: The solvent sulfolane (thiolane S,S-dioxide) is prepared by first reacting sulfur dioxide with butadiene to give sulfolene (a cyclic, unsaturated, five-membered ring sulfone), followed by hydrogenation to yield sulfolane.

chemical compound: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: …the protons in the compound tetramethylsilane, (CH3)4Si. Tetramethylsilane is an inert liquid added in small amounts to the compound being analyzed. All 12 of its hydrogen atoms absorb at the same position to give a single sharp peak, which is arbitrarily assigned a positional value of zero. This peak is…

red spider, any of the plant-feeding mites of the family Tetranychidae (subclass Acari). Red spiders are a common pest on houseplants and agriculturally important plants, including the foliage and fruit of orchard trees. The life cycle of the red spider from egg to adult takes about three weeks.

grouse: …Old World member is the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix), of Wales, Scotland, Scandinavia, and north-central Europe; a related form (L. mlokosiewiczi) occurs in the Caucasus. The male, known as blackcock, may be 55 cm (22 inches) long and weigh almost 2 kg (about 4 pounds). He is iridescent blue-black, with…

capercaillie, European game bird of the grouse family. See

puffer, any of about 90 species of fishes of the family Tetraodontidae, noted for their ability when disturbed to inflate themselves so greatly with air or water that they become globular in form. Puffers are found in warm and temperate regions around the world, primarily in the sea but also, in

tetraodontiform, (order Tetradontiformes), any member of a group of primarily tropical marine fishes that are closely related to the perciforms (the typical advanced spiny-rayed fishes) that evolved during the Eocene Period of the Cenozoic Era, about 50 million years ago. Included are the

tetraodontiform, (order Tetradontiformes), any member of a group of primarily tropical marine fishes that are closely related to the perciforms (the typical advanced spiny-rayed fishes) that evolved during the Eocene Period of the Cenozoic Era, about 50 million years ago. Included are the

tetraodontiform: Annotated classification: Suborder Tetraodontoidei (Gymnodontes) 4 tooth plates, 2 in each jaw; skin bearing small erectile spines. Family Triodontidae (threetooth puffers) Most primitive member of the superfamily, the only species to retain even the pelvic bone of the pelvic fin apparatus (completely lost by all other members of…

fish poisoning: Tetraodon poisoning is caused by the ingestion of certain species of pufferlike fish found in Far Eastern waters. These fishes contain a potent, heat-stable toxin that affects the human nervous system, producing symptoms within minutes. Dizziness and tingling about the lips and tongue may soon…

grouse, any of a number of game birds in the family Tetraonidae (order Galliformes). In addition to species called grouse, the group includes several birds known by particular names, such as the capercaillie and prairie chicken (see below) and the ptarmigan. The order Columbiformes contains the

rice-paper plant, (species Tetrapanax papyriferum), shrub or small tree of the ginseng family (Araliaceae), native to southern China and Taiwan. It is the source of rice paper. It has large, lobed leaves that form an almost palmlike crown. The central tissues of the stem are split and pressed into

Epicureanism: Doctrine of Epicurus: …all his wisdom is the Tetrapharmacon, preserved by Philodemus: “The gods are not to be feared. Death is not a thing that one must fear. Good is easy to obtain. Evil is easy to tolerate.”

bryophyte: Annotated classification: Subclass Tetraphidae Sporophytes with elongate seta; sporangium opening by an operculum exposing four multicellular peristome teeth that respond to moisture change to release spores gradually; spore layer forming a cylinder around central columella; protonema filamentous but with thallose flaps; gametophores erect, with rhizoids at base, leaves…

bryophyte: Annotated classification: …Hemisphere; 1 order, 2 genera, Tetraphis and Tetrodontium, with 3 or 5 species. The family Calomniaceae (1 genus, with about 9 species) is sometimes included in this subclass. Subclass Polytrichidae Sporophytes with elongate rigid seta containing conducting system; sporangium opening by operculum; numerous multicellular peristome teeth in a single concentric…

nitrile: …formed by heating amides with phosphorous pentoxide. They can be reduced to primary amines through the action of lithium aluminum hydride or hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids in the presence of either an acid or a base.

oxide: Oxides of phosphorus: …common oxides, phosphorus(III) oxide (or tetraphosphorus hexoxide), P4O6, and phosphorus(V) oxide (or tetraphosphorus decaoxide), P4O10. Both oxides have a structure based on the tetrahedral structure of elemental white phosphorus. Phosphorus(III) oxide is a white crystalline solid that smells like garlic and has a poisonous vapour. It oxidizes slowly in air…

flatworm: Annotated classification: Order Tetraphyllidea Scolex with 4 bothridia (leaflike muscular structure); vitellaria located in lateral margins of proglottids; genital pores lateral; parasites of elasmobranchs; about 200 species. Order Lecanicephalidea Reproductive system similar to Tetraphyllidea, but scolex divided into an upper disklike or globular part and a lower collarlike…

Poaceae: Economic and ecological importance: …diploid (2n), the normal condition; tetraploid (2n = 14, resulting from the fusion of diploid gametes); and hexaploid (2n = 21). An example of a domesticated diploid wheat is einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum), one of the earliest domesticated wheat species. Hybridization of a diploid wheat with Aegilops speltoides (a closely…

harbours and sea works: Breakwater design: …most successful has been the tetrapod, a four-legged design, each leg projecting from the centre at an angle of 109 1 2 ° from each of the other three. Legs are bulbous, or pear-shaped, with the slightly larger diameters at the outer end. These units have the property, when placed,…

tetrapod, (superclass Tetrapoda), a superclass of animals that includes all limbed vertebrates (backboned animals) constituting the classes Amphibia (amphibians), Reptilia (reptiles), Aves (birds), Mammalia (mammals), and their direct ancestors that emerged roughly 397 million years ago during the

tetrapod, (superclass Tetrapoda), a superclass of animals that includes all limbed vertebrates (backboned animals) constituting the classes Amphibia (amphibians), Reptilia (reptiles), Aves (birds), Mammalia (mammals), and their direct ancestors that emerged roughly 397 million years ago during the

ancient Greek civilization: The Battle of Marathon: …the Marathonian “Four Cities,” or Tetrapolis, was broken up among more than one of the new tribes. Reasonably or unreasonably, Hippias was obviously hoping to establish a kind of political bridgehead here by appealing to old bonds of clientship.

spearfish, any of certain marine fishes of the genus Tetrapterus, family Istiophoridae (order Perciformes). Spearfishes are characterized by a relatively short snout in comparison with other billfish. Several species may be recognized; two, T. audax and T. albidus, are commonly called marlin

marlin: The white marlin (K. albida, or K. albidus) is limited to the Atlantic and is blue-green, with a paler belly and with pale vertical bars on its sides. Its maximum weight is about 45 kg (100 pounds).

spearfish: The shortbill, or short-nosed, spearfish (T. angustirostris) is a Pacific member of the genus—scarce and rather small for a billfish. Blue above and silvery below, it usually does not exceed 1.8 m (6 feet) and 27 kg (60 pounds). The species T. belone is a Mediterranean…

marlin: The striped marlin (Kajikia audax), another Indo-Pacific fish, is bluish above and white below, with pale vertical bars; it normally does not exceed 125 kg (275 pounds). The white marlin (K. albida, or K. albidus) is limited to the Atlantic and is blue-green, with a paler…

spearfish: The species T. belone is a Mediterranean form resembling T. angustirostris.

spearfish: The shortbill, or short-nosed, spearfish (T. angustirostris) is a Pacific member of the genus—scarce and rather small for a billfish. Blue above and silvery below, it usually does not exceed 1.8 m (6 feet) and 27 kg (60 pounds). The species T. belone is a Mediterranean…

coloration: Tetrapyrroles, porphyrins, and their derivatives: …four pyrrole rings, or cyclic tetrapyrroles. This basic compound is known as porphin.

tetrarch, in Greco-Roman antiquity, the ruler of a principality; originally the ruler of one-quarter of a region or province. The term was first used to denote the governor of any of the four tetrarchies into which Philip II of Macedon divided Thessaly in 342 bc—namely, Thessaliotis, Hestiaeotis,

algae: Annotated classification: …and marine; includes marine flagellate Tetraselmis. Class Prasinophyceae (Micromonadophyceae) Paraphyletic, primarily marine; includes Micromonas (sometimes placed in Mamiellophyceae), Ostreococcus, and Pyramimonas. Class Ulvophyceae Primarily marine; includes

algae: Reproduction and life histories: Following meiosis, four haploid tetraspores are produced, which germinate to produce either a male or a female gametophyte. When mature, the male gametophyte produces special spermatangial branches that bear structures, called spermatangia, which contain spermatia, the male gametes. The female gametophyte produces special carpogonial branches that bear carpogonia, the…

algae: Reproduction and life histories: …diploid carpospores that develop into tetrasporophytes. Certain cells of the tetrasporophyte undergo meiosis to produce tetraspores, and the cycle is repeated. In the life cycle of Polysiphonia, and many other red algae, there are separate male and female gametophytes, carposporophytes that develop on the female gametophytes, and separate tetrasporophytes.

Rafflesiaceae: …parasitic upon the roots of Tetrastigma vines (family Vitaceae). The genus includes the giant R. arnoldii, sometimes known as the corpse flower, which produces the largest known individual flower of any plant species in the world and is found in the forested mountains of Sumatra and Borneo. Its fully developed…

nitride: Sulfur nitrides: …two most interesting ones are tetrasulfur tetranitride, S4N4, and disulfur dinitride, S2N2, because they are precursors to an unusual polymer called polythiazyl, (SN)x. This polymeric sulfur nitride is unusual because, even though it is composed solely of two nonmetals, it exhibits some properties normally associated only with metals. The best…

taenite: …case the mineral is called tetrataenite. Almost all taenite in meteorites has broken down, albeit often on a microscopic scale, to kamacite and tetrataenite.

isoprenoid: Tetraterpenes: The yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble plant and animal pigments, known as carotenoids, are classed as tetraterpenes, although they have in general the molecular formula C40H56, rather than C40H64. The fact that their structures can be built up from isoprene units justifies their classification…

organosulfur compound: Sulfides: …heterocyclic sulfur compounds—such as thiophene, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), and the bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) cation—as organic metals and superconductors (e.g., for use as switching elements and light-emitting diodes). Indeed, the 2000 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, awarded to American chemists Alan J. Heeger and Alan G. MacDiarmid and Japanese chemist Shirakawa Hideki, recognized the…

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Tetratomidae Similar to Melandryidae. Family Trictenotomidae About 12 species in forests of Oriental region. Family Ulodidae Found mainly in New Zealand and Australia; example genera Meryx, Brouniphylax, and Syrphetodes

Luisa Tetrazzini was an Italian coloratura soprano, one of the finest of her time. In Florence, Tetrazzini studied with her sister Eva, a successful dramatic soprano, and at the conservatory, making her debut in 1895 as Inez in Giacomo Meyerbeer’s opera L’Africaine. After her well-received debut,

Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus was a rival Roman emperor in Gaul from 271 to 274. Tetricus was a Gallic noble related to the usurping ruler of Gaul, Victorinus, and to Victorinus’ mother, Victoria. Upon the murder of Victorinus, Tetricus, who was governor of Aquitania, was proclaimed emperor,

pygmy grasshopper, (family Tetrigidae), any of about 1,400 species of insects (order Orthoptera) that are small (about 15 mm [0.6 inch] long), brown, gray, or moss-green, and related to true grasshoppers. However, the pygmy grasshopper has the forewings either reduced to small pads or absent. In

Tetris, video game created by Russian designer Alexey Pajitnov in 1985 that allows players to rotate falling blocks strategically to clear levels. Pajitnov claimed he created the name of the game by combining the Greek prefix tetra, which refers to the four squares contained in each block, with the

Francis Ford Coppola: Later work: …was on surer footing with Tetro (2009), about a teenager who travels to Argentina and reunites with his expatriate elder half-brother. Although not a box-office success, the film (shot primarily in black and white) earned Coppola some of his best reviews in years. Twixt (2011), a thriller starring Val Kilmer,…

tetrode, vacuum-type electron tube with four electrodes. In addition to the cathode filament, anode plate, and control grid, as in the triode, an additional grid, the screen grid, is placed between the control grid and the anode plate. The screen grid acts as an electrostatic shield to protect the

bryophyte: Annotated classification: …in the Northern Hemisphere, with Tetrodontium also present, but rare, in the Southern Hemisphere; 1 order, 2 genera, Tetraphis and Tetrodontium, with 3 or 5 species. The family Calomniaceae (1 genus, with about 9 species) is sometimes included in this subclass. Subclass Polytrichidae Sporophytes with elongate rigid seta containing conducting…

Děčín, city, northwestern Czech Republic, in the gorge of the Elbe (Labe) River and near the German border. Dominated by its 18th-century castle on a 165-foot (50-metre) crag, it is the economic and cultural centre of a scenic tourist region noted for its deep valleys and rock formations. Founded

Caspar David Friedrich: His first important oil painting, The Cross in the Mountains (c. 1812; also called the Tetschen Altarpiece), established his mature style, characterized by an overwhelming sense of stillness and isolation, and was an attempt to replace the traditional symbology of religious painting with one drawn from nature. Other symbolic landscapes,…

Japanese philosophy: Modern and contemporary Japanese philosophy: In fact, a new word, tetsugaku—from the words for wisdom (tetsu) and learning (gaku)—was coined to translate the Western term philosophy. Although tetsugaku was initially restricted to scholarly reflection on Western philosophy to the exclusion of Japanese philosophy, it soon encompassed a broader range of studies. An Inquiry into the…

Nishida Kitarō: Nishida’s philosophy of Nothingness: …of absolute Nothingness in his Tetsugakuron bunshū (“Philosophical Essays”; 7 vol.), which he wrote after his retirement. In his last days, as World War II was coming to an end, looking at the fires of the burning cities in the darkness of night, Nishida was much inspired by the words…

Takebe Katahiro: In his Tetsujutsu sankei (1722; “Art of Assembling”), a philosophical as well as a mathematical work, he explained what he regarded as the fundamental features of mathematical research. He distinguished two ways of solving a mathematical problem (and two corresponding types of mathematicians): an “investigation based on…

Japanese music: Function of drum patterns: The patterns (tetsuke) played by taiko drummers are divided into families, or tegumi. Once more the principles of harmony in Western music come to mind; i.e., a C-major and C-minor chord are related because they share some common aural traits (the tones C and G in this…

Lajos Kassák: …I, he founded the journal Tett (“Action”) in 1915 to express his views. He was also a socialist, and he welcomed the short-lived communist regime of Béla Kun in Hungary in 1919. After its collapse, Kassák emigrated to Vienna, where he edited a journal of radical opinion, Ma (“Today”).

katydid, (family Tettigoniidae), any of about 8,000 predominantly nocturnal insects that are related to crickets (the two groups are in the suborder Ensifera, order Orthoptera) and are noted for their mating calls. Katydids are also known for their large hind legs and extremely long threadlike

shield-backed katydid, (subfamily Tettigoniinae), any of a group of insects (family Tettigoniidae, order Orthoptera) that are cricketlike in appearance and are named for the enlarged pronotum (dorsal surface of the prothorax), which typically extends to the abdomen. Most shield-backed katydids are

Tetum, people indigenous to the narrow central section of Timor, easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. The Tetum numbered more than 300,000 in the late 20th century. Of Melanesian and Indonesian-Malay stock, the Tetum may be descendants of invaders who brought Indonesian culture to

Tétouan, city, north-central Morocco. It lies along the Martil River (Wadi Martil), 7 miles (11 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. The city stands on a rocky plateau detached from the southern flank of Mount Dersa. The Roman settlement of Tamuda stood immediately above the present-day city. Tétouan

Leopoldo O’Donnell, duke de Tetuán was a Spanish soldier-politician who played a prominent role in the successful Spanish military insurrections of 1843 and 1854 and headed the Spanish government three times between 1856 and 1866. Though he lacked a coherent political program, he was a staunch

Tetum, people indigenous to the narrow central section of Timor, easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. The Tetum numbered more than 300,000 in the late 20th century. Of Melanesian and Indonesian-Malay stock, the Tetum may be descendants of invaders who brought Indonesian culture to

Austronesian languages: Central Malayo-Polynesian (CMP): …island of the same name; Tetum, spoken on the island of Timor; and Buruese, spoken on the island of Buru in the central Moluccas.

Tetum, people indigenous to the narrow central section of Timor, easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. The Tetum numbered more than 300,000 in the late 20th century. Of Melanesian and Indonesian-Malay stock, the Tetum may be descendants of invaders who brought Indonesian culture to

Johann Tetzel was a German Dominican friar whose preaching on indulgences, considered by many of his contemporaries to be an abuse of the sacrament of penance, sparked Martin Luther’s reaction. After entering the Dominican order, probably at Leipzig, Tetzel was appointed inquisitor for Poland

Salamis: …Trojan War by the archer Teucer, who came from the island of Salamis, off Attica. This literary tradition probably reflects the Sea Peoples’ occupation of Cyprus (c. 1193 bc), Teucer perhaps representing Tjekker of the Egyptian records. Later the city grew because of its excellent harbor; it became the chief…

Bermejo River, western tributary of the Paraguay River, south-central South America. It rises near Tarija, Bolivia and, after a rapid plunge to the Chaco lowlands at the border with Argentina, receives the major tributaries Grande de Tarija and San Francisco. It then meanders southeastward in

germander, (genus Teucrium), genus of about 260 species of plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae). Germander species are distributed nearly worldwide, and a number of them are grown as garden ornamentals. Germanders can be herbs or subshrubs and are typically perennial. Several species feature

germander: American germander (T. canadense) of North America has slender spikes of purple to cream flowers on stems 90 cm (3 feet) tall. Native to Europe but naturalized in North America is wood sage, or woodland germander (T. scorodonia), which bears yellow flowers. Bush germander (T.…

germander: Bush germander (T. fruticans), a shrub growing to 1.5 metres (5 feet), has scattered pale blue to lilac flowers and lance-shaped leaves. It is native on hillsides of coastal Europe.

germander: …naturalized in North America is wood sage, or woodland germander (T. scorodonia), which bears yellow flowers. Bush germander (T. fruticans), a shrub growing to 1.5 metres (5 feet), has scattered pale blue to lilac flowers and lance-shaped leaves. It is native on hillsides of coastal Europe.

Carl Zuckmayer: …dramas, Des Teufels General (1946; The Devil’s General). With this play, which dramatizes the plight of men torn between loyalty to country and the demands of conscience, Zuckmayer’s dramatic career entered a new phase. The zestful, life-affirming spirit of his earlier works was thereafter tempered with critical moral evaluation. In…

Berlin: The city site: “Devil’s Mountain” (Teufelsberg), one of several hills constructed from the rubble left by World War II bombing, rises to 380 feet (116 metres) and has been turned into a winter sports area for skiing and sledding.

Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan to c. 1700 ce: The unification by Teüke Khan (1680–1718) of the three hordes brought a temporary reversal in the fortunes of war, and in 1711–12 a Kazakh counteroffensive penetrated deep into Dzungar territory. Teüke’s achievements were not limited to war; he also was responsible for the creation of a Kazakh law…

Finland: The 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries: In 1595, however, by the Peace of Täysinä, the existing de facto boundary, up to the Arctic Ocean, was granted official recognition by the Russians. By the Peace of Stolbovo (Stolbova; 1617), Russia ceded Ingermanland and part of Karelia to the kingdom of Sweden-Finland. The population of the ceded territories…

Nilo-Saharan languages: The diffusion of Nilo-Saharan languages: , the Kuliak language Nyang’i (Uganda), the Surmic language Kwegu (Ethiopia), and the Nilotic language Okiek (Kenya). Gule (or Anej), a Komuz language of Sudan, is now extinct, and the people speak Arabic.

Anatolia: The Cimmerians, Lydia, and Cilicia, c. 700–547 bce: …defeated the Cimmerians under King Teuspa in the region of Hubusna (probably Hupisna-Cybistra), but the area was not pacified. In the same year Esarhaddon’s troops also fought a war in Hilakku, and a few years later they punished the Anatolian prince of Kundu (Cyinda) and Sissu (Sisium, modern Sis), who…

Illyria: …of his son, his widow, Teuta, acted as regent. Queen Teuta attacked Sicily and the coastal Greek colonies with part of the Illyrian navy. Simultaneously, she antagonized Rome, which finally sent a large fleet to the eastern shores of the Adriatic. Although Teuta submitted in 228, the Illyrian kingdom of…

Teutates, important Celtic deity, one of three mentioned by the Roman poet Lucan in the 1st century ad, the other two being Esus (“Lord”) and Taranis (“Thunderer”). According to later commentators, victims sacrificed to Teutates were killed by being plunged headfirst into a vat filled with an

squid, any of more than 300 species of 10-armed cephalopods classified within the order Teuthoidea (or Teuthida) and found in both coastal and oceanic waters. Squids may be swift swimmers or part of the drifting sea life (plankton). Squids have elongated tubular bodies and short compact heads. Two

squid, any of more than 300 species of 10-armed cephalopods classified within the order Teuthoidea (or Teuthida) and found in both coastal and oceanic waters. Squids may be swift swimmers or part of the drifting sea life (plankton). Squids have elongated tubular bodies and short compact heads. Two

Teutoburg Forest, westernmost escarpment of the Weser Hills (Weserbergland) in northeastern North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northern Germany. Its wooded limestone and sandstone ridges curve from the Ems River valley southeastward in an arc approximately 60 miles (100 km) long and 4 to 6 miles

Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, (Autumn, 9 ce), conflict between the Roman Empire and Germanic insurgents. The Germanic leader Arminius organized a series of ambushes on a column of three Roman legions headed by Publius Quinctilius Varus. Roman sources indicate that over the course of four days

Teutoburg Forest, westernmost escarpment of the Weser Hills (Weserbergland) in northeastern North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northern Germany. Its wooded limestone and sandstone ridges curve from the Ems River valley southeastward in an arc approximately 60 miles (100 km) long and 4 to 6 miles

Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri and the Teutoni had invaded the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul about 110 bc. The consul Gnaeus Mallius Maximus was sent from Italy in 105 with an army to reinforce that of the proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio and began negotiations with the invaders; while these were going…

Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri and the Teutoni had invaded the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul about 110 bc. The consul Gnaeus Mallius Maximus was sent from Italy in 105 with an army to reinforce that of the proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio and began negotiations with the invaders; while these were going…