traffic control: New concepts: …systems are integrated in a vessel traffic system (VTS), which can be defined as an assortment of personnel, procedures, equipment, and regulations assembled for the purpose of traffic management in a given body of water. A VTS includes some means of area surveillance, traffic separation, vessel movement reporting, a traffic…

bridge: Maillart’s innovations: Some of his last bridges—at Vessy, Liesberg, and Lachen—illustrate his mature vision for the possibilities of structural art. Over the Arve River at Vessy in 1935, Maillart designed a three-hinged, hollow-box arch in which the thin cross-walls taper at mid-height, forming an X shape. This striking design, giving life to…

suit: …a vest (later called a waistcoat in England), an undergarment almost identical to the coat.

Vest Fjord, fjord, in the Norwegian Sea off the northwestern coast of Norway. Formed by the Norwegian mainland to the east and the Lofoten islands to the north and west, Vest Fjord is about 100 miles (160 km) long and almost 50 miles (80 km) wide at its mouth, becoming narrower toward its head. The

yacht: Transatlantic racing and global circumnavigation: 6-metre length: Fleetwing, Vesta, and Henrietta. Henrietta, owned by the American newspaper publisher James Gordon Bennett, won in 13 days of sailing. The first single-sailor transatlantic voyage was made in a 6-metre boat by Alfred Johnson in 1876 to commemorate the centenary of U.S. independence. The first single-handed…

Vesta, in Roman religion, goddess of the hearth, identified with the Greek Hestia. The lack of an easy source of fire in the early Roman community placed a special premium on the ever-burning hearth fire, both publicly and privately maintained; thus, from the earliest times Vesta was assured of a

Vesta, second largest—and the brightest—asteroid of the asteroid belt and the fourth such object to be discovered, by the German astronomer and physician Wilhelm Olbers on March 29, 1807. It is named for the ancient Roman goddess of the hearth (the Greek Hestia). Vesta revolves around the Sun once

construction: Early concrete structures: …this concrete construction is the Temple of the Sybil (or Temple of Vesta) at Tivoli, built during the 1st century bce. This temple has a circular plan with a peristyle of stone columns and lintels around the outside, but the wall of the circular cella, or sanctuary room, inside is…

Vestal Virgins, in Roman religion, six priestesses, representing the daughters of the royal house, who tended the state cult of Vesta, the goddess of the hearth. The cult is believed to date to the 7th century bc; like other non-Christian cults, it was banned in ad 394 by Theodosius I. Chosen

construction: Early concrete structures: …this concrete construction is the Temple of the Sybil (or Temple of Vesta) at Tivoli, built during the 1st century bce. This temple has a circular plan with a peristyle of stone columns and lintels around the outside, but the wall of the circular cella, or sanctuary room, inside is…

Gaspare Spontini: …early operas, notably his masterpiece, La vestale (1807), represent the spirit of the Napoleonic era and form an operatic bridge between the works of Christoph Gluck and Richard Wagner.

Vesta: …a year, however, on the Vestalia (June 7–15), it was opened to matrons who visited it barefoot.

Simon Vestdijk was a prolific Dutch writer whose early novels, with their unrelenting exposure of the barrenness of middle-class provincial life, shocked the bourgeois world of the 1930s. The cerebral, intellectual approach that characterizes Vestdijk’s writing was already apparent in his poetry,

Coburg: …because of its strongly fortified Veste, or castle, situated on a busy trade route. Martin Luther resided there in 1530, and during the 17th century the castle successfully withstood several sieges in the Thirty Years’ War.

Thorstein Veblen: Later works and career: …published in book form as The Vested Interests and the State of the Industrial Arts (1919; republished as The Vested Interests and the Common Man: The Modern Point of View and the New Order). Another series of articles that appeared in The Dial was later published in the book The…

Thorstein Veblen: Later works and career: …published in book form as The Vested Interests and the State of the Industrial Arts (1919; republished as The Vested Interests and the Common Man: The Modern Point of View and the New Order). Another series of articles that appeared in The Dial was later published in the book The…

conflict of laws: Historical development: ” This vested-rights doctrine maintained that, once a right was created in one locale, its existence should be recognized everywhere. Classic theories of conflicts law used a number of connecting factors to determine the territorially applicable law. In matters of family law, Anglo-American law used the parties’…

Vesterålen, island group, in the Norwegian Sea, northern Norway. Forming the northern end of the Lofoten-Vesterålen archipelago, the Vesterålen include, from east to west, Hinn Island (largest Norwegian island but for Spitsbergen), And Island, and Lang Island; important smaller islands are Gryt and

Vest Fjord, fjord, in the Norwegian Sea off the northwestern coast of Norway. Formed by the Norwegian mainland to the east and the Lofoten islands to the north and west, Vest Fjord is about 100 miles (160 km) long and almost 50 miles (80 km) wide at its mouth, becoming narrower toward its head. The

iiwi, (species Vestiaria coccinea), Hawaiian songbird, one of the commoner members of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family, Drepanididae, order Passeriformes. A nectar-feeder, named for its squeaky call (“ee-ee-vee”), it is 15 cm (6 inches) long, with a red body, black wings with small white patches,

adiaphorism: In England the Vestiarian controversy in the 1560s and ’70s dealt with the question of whether clerical vestments—declared to be “popish” by some—were theologically important.

vestibular system, apparatus of the inner ear involved in balance. The vestibular system consists of two structures of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, the vestibule and the semicircular canals, and the structures of the membranous labyrinth contained within them. The two membranous sacs of the

human ear: Semicircular canals: …of a canal called the vestibular aqueduct, which opens into the cranial cavity. The other end of the horizontal canal has a separate opening into the vestibule. Thus, the vestibule completes the circle for each of the semicircular canals.

vocal cord: The ventricular folds, located just above the vocal cords, are sometimes termed false vocal cords because they are not involved in voice production.

human nervous system: Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII or 8): …located in the vestibular (Scarpa) ganglion. The central processes of these neurons exit the temporal bone via the internal acoustic meatus and enter the brainstem alongside the facial nerve.

human ear: Structure of the cochlea: …is formed by the transparent vestibular membrane (or Reissner membrane), which consists of only two layers of flattened cells. A low ridge, the spiral limbus, rests on the margin of the osseous spiral lamina. The Reissner membrane stretches from the inner margin of the limbus to the upper border of…

human ear: Structure of the cochlea: …is formed by the transparent vestibular membrane (or Reissner membrane), which consists of only two layers of flattened cells. A low ridge, the spiral limbus, rests on the margin of the osseous spiral lamina. The Reissner membrane stretches from the inner margin of the limbus to the upper border of…

human nervous system: Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII or 8): Vestibular receptors are located in the semicircular canals of the ear, which provide input on rotatory movements (angular acceleration), and in the utricle and saccule, which generate information on linear acceleration and the influence of gravitational pull. This information is relayed by the vestibular fibers,…

vertigo: … (a progressive ear disease), and vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve)—can cause the condition. Minor or severe head injury, migraine, and prolonged bed rest are other causes.

vestibular system, apparatus of the inner ear involved in balance. The vestibular system consists of two structures of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, the vestibule and the semicircular canals, and the structures of the membranous labyrinth contained within them. The two membranous sacs of the

vertigo: …of physical therapy known as vestibular rehabilitation. Canalith-repositioning maneuvers, a form of vestibular rehabilitation for individuals with BPPV, involves a series of head-position changes, which help to move displaced canaliths (or otoliths; calcium carbonate crystals) back into the utrical of the inner ear (the detachment of canaliths from the otolithic…

vestibular system, apparatus of the inner ear involved in balance. The vestibular system consists of two structures of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, the vestibule and the semicircular canals, and the structures of the membranous labyrinth contained within them. The two membranous sacs of the

vestibular system: Vestibular structures: The two membranous sacs of the vestibule, the utricle and the saccule, are known as the otolith organs. Because they respond to gravitational forces, they are also called gravity receptors. Each sac has on its inner surface a single patch of sensory cells…

human respiratory system: The nose: The vestibule, at the entrance of the nose, is lined by skin that bears short thick hairs called vibrissae. In the roof of the nose, the olfactory bulb with its sensory epithelium checks the quality of the inspired air. About two dozen olfactory nerves convey the…

mouth: …divided into two sections: the vestibule, the area between the cheeks and the teeth, and the oral cavity proper. The latter section is mostly filled by the tongue, a large muscle firmly anchored to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum linguae. In addition to its primary role in…

vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), eye movement that functions to stabilize gaze by countering movement of the head. In VOR the semicircular canals of the inner ear measure rotation of the head and provide a signal for the oculomotor nuclei of the brainstem, which innervate the eye muscles. The muscles

vestibulocochlear nerve, nerve in the human ear, serving the organs of equilibrium and of hearing. It consists of two anatomically and functionally distinct parts: the cochlear nerve, distributed to the hearing organ, and the vestibular nerve, distributed to the organ of equilibrium. The cochlear

human nervous system: Vestibulospinal tract: The vestibulospinal tract originates from cells of the lateral vestibular nucleus, which lies in the floor of the fourth ventricle. Fibers of this tract descend the length of the spinal cord in the ventral and lateral funiculi without crossing, enter laminae VIII and…

Brazilian literature: The theatre: …drama Vestido de noiva (1943; The Wedding Dress), with its revolutionary staging and open treatment of sexuality, became one of Brazil’s most important dramas. Concerned with issues of class, machismo, sexual deviancy, incest, violence, and abortion, Rodrigues’s audacious plays have been praised for their different narrative levels. Rodrigues was a…

evolution: Embryonic development and vestiges: …vermiform appendix is a functionless vestige of a fully developed organ present in other mammals, such as the rabbit and other herbivores, where a large cecum and appendix store vegetable cellulose to enable its digestion with the help of bacteria. Vestiges are instances of imperfections—like the imperfections seen in anatomical…

television: The television channel: This technique is known as vestigial side-band transmission. It is universally employed in the television broadcasting systems of the world.

evolution: Embryonic development and vestiges: …vermiform appendix is a functionless vestige of a fully developed organ present in other mammals, such as the rabbit and other herbivores, where a large cecum and appendix store vegetable cellulose to enable its digestion with the help of bacteria. Vestiges are instances of imperfections—like the imperfections seen in anatomical…

Vestini, ancient Sabine tribe, which occupied the eastern and northern bank of the Aternus (modern Aterno) River in central Italy. They entered into the Roman alliance in 302 bc and remained loyal until they joined the Social War (90–88 bc), by which they won Roman citizenship. The Vestini’s local

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: Music of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: … in madrigal form, notably in Vestiva i colli, which was frequently reprinted and imitated. His settings of Petrarch’s poems also are of an exceptionally high order.

Vestlandet, geographical region, southwestern Norway, covering an area of about 22,592 square miles (58,512 square km). Providing the most spectacular fjord and mountain scenery in Norway, the region has been a tourist mecca for centuries. Except for the Jæren plain located at the extreme southern

Vestmanna Islands, group of 14 small Icelandic islands off Iceland’s southern shore. They have a total area of about 8 square miles (21 square km). Volcanic in origin, the islands are rocky and barren, with precipitous cliffs up to 1,000 feet (300 m) in height rising straight up from the Atlantic

Vestmanna Islands, group of 14 small Icelandic islands off Iceland’s southern shore. They have a total area of about 8 square miles (21 square km). Volcanic in origin, the islands are rocky and barren, with precipitous cliffs up to 1,000 feet (300 m) in height rising straight up from the Atlantic

Vestmanna Islands, group of 14 small Icelandic islands off Iceland’s southern shore. They have a total area of about 8 square miles (21 square km). Volcanic in origin, the islands are rocky and barren, with precipitous cliffs up to 1,000 feet (300 m) in height rising straight up from the Atlantic

Vestmanna Islands: …on which the town of Vestmannaeyjar is located. Fishing and some limited farming are the chief economic activities. The fiery emergence in 1963–67 of the volcanic isle of Surtsey, 14 miles (23 km) southwest, covered the island group with a layer of ash. In January 1973 a volcanic eruption broke…

religious dress: symbolic and ornamented eucharistic vestments of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to tattooing, scarification, or body painting of members of nonliterate and contemporary tribal societies. Some types of religious dress may be used to distinguish the priestly from the lay members of a religious group or to signify various orders or…

suit: …a vest (later called a waistcoat in England), an undergarment almost identical to the coat.

Megaupload: …computer service created by entrepreneur Kim Schmitz that was shut down in 2012 by the United States government after its founders were charged for violating antipiracy laws. It was based in Hong Kong.

Midgard: Sudri, Austri, and Vestri (the four points of the compass), and became the dome of the heavens. The sun, moon, and stars were made of scattered sparks that were caught in the skull.

Gaétan Vestris was the finest French male ballet dancer of his time. With his parents, brothers, and sisters—almost all of whom had careers in the theatre—he went to Paris in 1747 and about a year later, at age 19, entered the Paris Opéra ballet school, studying under Louis Dupré. Vestris danced

Vestris family, a family of dancers who dominated French ballet for nearly a century, most notably Gaétan Vestris (in full Gaetano Apollino Baldassare Vestri, or Vestris; b. April 18, 1729, Florence, Italy—d. September 23, 1808, Paris, France) and his son Auguste Vestris (in full

Vaslav Nijinsky: Early life and study in St. Petersburg: …the North” (in reference to Auguste Vestris, a famous French dancer of the 18th century and a member of the Vestris family of dancers).

Gaétan Vestris was the finest French male ballet dancer of his time. With his parents, brothers, and sisters—almost all of whom had careers in the theatre—he went to Paris in 1747 and about a year later, at age 19, entered the Paris Opéra ballet school, studying under Louis Dupré. Vestris danced

Madame Vestris was a British actress, opera singer, and manager who inaugurated tasteful and beautiful stage decor and set a standard in stage costumes. After a brief unsuccessful marriage to Auguste-Armand Vestris, a ballet dancer, Mme Vestris first appeared in Italian opera in 1815 and enjoyed

Vaslav Nijinsky: Early life and study in St. Petersburg: …the North” (in reference to Auguste Vestris, a famous French dancer of the 18th century and a member of the Vestris family of dancers).

sacristy, in architecture, room in a Christian church in which vestments and sacred objects used in the services are stored and in which the clergy and sometimes the altar boys and the choir members put on their robes. In the early Christian church, two rooms beside the apse, the diaconicon and the

Spitsbergen, largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, part of Norway, in the Arctic Ocean. Spitsbergen, with an area of 15,075 square miles (39,044 square km), is approximately 280 miles (450 km) long and ranges from 25 to 140 miles (40 to 225 km) wide. The terrain is mountainous, and most of

Myrtales: Characteristic morphological features: …with such processes are called vestured pits. This combination of wood anatomical characteristics is otherwise very rare in angiosperms and is used to help define the order.

Périgueux, town, Dordogne département, Nouvelle-Aquitaine région, southwestern France. It lies on the right bank of the Isle River, east-northeast of Bordeaux and southwest of Paris. Originally settled by a Gaulish tribe, the Petrocorii, the town fell to the Romans, who called it Vesuna after a

vesuvianite, common silicate mineral that occurs in crystalline limestones near their contacts with igneous rocks, and in beds of marble and calcsilicate granulite that are associated with gneiss and mica schist. Fine glassy crystals coloured yellow, green, or brown have been found in the Ala

Vesuvius, active volcano that rises above the Bay of Naples on the plain of Campania in southern Italy. Its western base rests almost upon the bay. The height of the cone in 2013 was 4,203 feet (1,281 metres), but it varies considerably after each major eruption. At about 1,968 feet (about 600

Vesuvius, active volcano that rises above the Bay of Naples on the plain of Campania in southern Italy. Its western base rests almost upon the bay. The height of the cone in 2013 was 4,203 feet (1,281 metres), but it varies considerably after each major eruption. At about 1,968 feet (about 600

Vesuvius, active volcano that rises above the Bay of Naples on the plain of Campania in southern Italy. Its western base rests almost upon the bay. The height of the cone in 2013 was 4,203 feet (1,281 metres), but it varies considerably after each major eruption. At about 1,968 feet (about 600

Veszprém, city of county status and seat of Veszprém megye (county), western Hungary. It lies along the Séd River, spanned there by a viaduct, in the Bakony Mountains, southwest of Budapest. The town already had a cathedral and castle in the 9th century; it was supposedly named after the Polish

Veszprém, megye (county), western Hungary, extending north from Lake Balaton. It is bordered by the counties of Györ-Moson-Sopron to the north, Komárom-Esztergom to the northeast, and Fejér to the east, as well as by Lake Balaton and Somogy county to the south and the counties of Zala to the

vetch, (genus Vicia), genus of about 140 species of herbaceous plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). The fava bean (Vicia faba) is an important food crop, and several other species of vetch are cultivated as fodder and cover crops and as green manure. Like other legumes, they add nitrogen to the

corn earworm, larva of the moth Heliothis zea (in some classifications H. armigera; family Noctuidae). The smooth, fleshy green or brown caterpillars are serious crop pests before they pupate in the soil. Four or five generations of the pale brown adult moths (wingspan 3.5 cm [about 113 inches])

South Asian arts: Śaṅgam literature: …hillside by night; and the veṭci genre, in heroic poetry, which dealt with the first onset of war, by nocturnal cattle stealing. Both kuṟiñci and veṭci are names of flowers that grow on the hillside, here symbolic of the poetic genre, the mood, and the theme. By such pairings across…

Ved-ava, among the Mordvins, the water mother, a spirit believed to rule the waters and their bounty; she is known as Vete-ema among the Estonians and Veen emo among the Finns. The water spirit belongs to a class of nature spirits common to the Finno-Ugric peoples dependent on fishing for much of

homelessness: Homelessness in the United States: Veterans have also suffered high rates of homelessness, constituting 8 percent of all homeless adults in 2019.

Frederick Forsyth: …were No Comebacks (1982) and The Veteran (2001). Many of his novels and stories were adapted for film and television.

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for programs and policies relating to veterans and their families. Established in 1989, it succeeded the Veterans Administration (formed in 1930). The VA administers benefits for medical care,

Veterans Day, in the United States, national holiday (November 11) honouring veterans of the armed forces and those killed in the country’s wars. The observance originated in 1919 on the first anniversary of the 1918 armistice that ended World War I and was known as Armistice Day. It was

Veterans for Peace (VFP), American nongovernmental organization founded in 1985 that works to expose the actual cost of every war and that advocates for peace. Its members include veterans of World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War as well as veterans of various

health insurance: …the United Kingdom and the Veterans Health Administration program operated by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs are examples of such systems.

Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), American organization created on August 1, 1914, in the merger of three national war-veteran societies that were founded in 1899, shortly after the Spanish-American War. The American Veterans of Foreign Service, based in Columbus, Ohio, the Colorado Society of the

veterinary medicine, medical specialty concerned with the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the health of domestic and wild animals and with the prevention of transmission of animal diseases to people. Veterinarians ensure a safe food supply for people by

veterinary medicine, medical specialty concerned with the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the health of domestic and wild animals and with the prevention of transmission of animal diseases to people. Veterinarians ensure a safe food supply for people by

vetiver, (Chrysopogon zizanioides), perennial grass of the family Poaceae, the roots of which contain an oil used in perfumes. Vetiver is native to tropical Asia and has been introduced into the tropics of both hemispheres; it has escaped cultivation and become a weed in some regions. The plant is

vetiver, (Chrysopogon zizanioides), perennial grass of the family Poaceae, the roots of which contain an oil used in perfumes. Vetiver is native to tropical Asia and has been introduced into the tropics of both hemispheres; it has escaped cultivation and become a weed in some regions. The plant is

United Nations: Security Council: …the five permanent members holding veto power. In practice, however, a permanent member may abstain without impairing the validity of the decision. A vote on whether a matter is procedural or substantive is itself a substantive question. Because the Security Council is required to function continuously, each member is represented…

papal conclave: History: …church had tacitly accepted a right of veto, or exclusion, in papal elections by the Catholic kings of Europe. Typically, a cardinal who was charged with the mission by his home government would inform the conclave of the inadmissability of certain papal candidates. The royal right of exclusion prevented the…

Betwa River, river in northern India, rising in the Vindhya Range just north of Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh. It flows generally northeast through Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh states and empties into the Yamuna River just east of Hamirpur after a 380-mile (610-km) course. Nearly half of its

José Craveirinha was a Mozambican journalist, story writer, and poet. Craveirinha was the son of a Portuguese father and a black Mozambican mother. He was an ardent supporter of the anti-Portuguese group Frelimo during the colonial wars and was imprisoned in 1966. He was one of the pioneers of

Archduke Rudolf, crown prince of Austria: The baroness Maria Vetsera, a girl of 17 with whom he had begun relations in October 1887, accepted his offer of a suicide pact. In the morning of January 30, 1889, he and Maria were found shot dead in the hunting lodge at Mayerling. Maladroit attempts by…

Sebastian Vettel is a German race-car driver who in 2010, at age 23, became the youngest person to win the Formula One (F1) world drivers’ championship. He also captured the title in 2011, 2012, and 2013. He retired from F1 in 2022. Vettel grew up idolizing German racing icon Michael Schumacher,

Lake Vätter, lake in south-central Sweden, southeast of Lake Väner between the administrative län (counties) of Västra Götaland and Östergötland and north of the traditional landskap (province) of Småland. With a length of 81 miles (130 km), a breadth of about 19 miles (31 km), and an area of 738

domus: …typified by that of the House of the Vettii at Pompeii, contained the private living quarters of the family; clustered around its colonnaded court were the oecus (reception room), cubiculai (bedrooms), alae (recesses for private talk), and tricliniai (dining rooms), with different exposures that could be regulated according to the…

security and protection system: Physical security.: Common synonyms are “screening” and “vetting.” The most common technique is the background investigation, which involves obtaining all relevant available data about a person’s past education, employment, and personal behaviour and making judgments concerning the individual’s likely future loyalty and honesty. Thus, the dossier and computerized national data…

Apennine Range: Physiography: …maximum elevation (8,130 feet) at Mount Vettore; the Abruzzi Apennines, 9,554 feet at Mount Corno; the Campanian Apennines, 7,352 feet at Mount Meta; the Lucanian Apennines, 7,438 feet at Mount Pollino; the Calabrian Apennines, 6,414 feet at Mount Alto; and, finally, the Sicilian

Nicolás Antonio: …in two parts (Nova, 1672; Vetus, 1696). The first is a vast bibliography of Peninsular and Spanish colonial writers after 1500, with critical evaluations. The second, a history of Peninsular literature from the reign of Augustus to 1500, marks the emergence of modern bibliography and the transformation of literary history…

Louis Veuillot was an author and leader within France of extreme Ultramontanism, a movement advocating absolute papal supremacy. The son of poor parents, Veuillot early began writing for periodicals and developed his talents in provincial journalism. He was uninterested in religion until 1838, when

Veurne, municipality, Flanders region, western Belgium. The municipality lies at the junction of four canals, northeast of Dunkirk, France. It was founded about 870 by Baldwin I Iron-Arm (or Ferreus), first ruler of Flanders. An important town of the Spanish Netherlands, it was often besieged in

St. Damien of Molokai ; canonized October 11, 2009; feast day May 10) was a Belgian priest who devoted his life to missionary work among the Hawaiian lepers and became a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Joseph de Veuster was born in rural Belgium, the youngest of seven children. He was educated

pottery: Faience, or tin-glazed ware: …Marseilles, the factory of the Veuve Perrin being particularly noted for overglaze painting in the Rococo style. Perhaps the most influential factory was that of Strasbourg, in Alsace (which had officially become part of France in 1697), founded by C.F. Hannong in 1709. The wares—painted in blue, in other faience…

vèvè, in Haitian Vodou, geometrical drawings that represent the lwa (spirits). The production of vèvè is a tradition of African origin. In Dahomey, an ancient kingdom in the region that is now southern Benin, palm oil was used to draw certain geometrical figures, such as rectangles and squares, on