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Marie Curie Timeline

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

November 7, 1867

Maria Salomea Skłodowska, later known as Marie Curie, is born in Warsaw, in what is at the time the Congress Kingdom of Poland, Russian Empire.

1883–85

Maria and Bronislawa SkłodowskaMaria Skłodowska (Marie Curie; standing) is shown with her sister, Bronislawa Skłodowska, in 1886.
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Skłodowska wins a gold medal as top student in her class upon completion of her secondary education. Because her father has lost his savings through bad investment she has to go to work, finding employment first as a teacher and later as a governess. From her earnings she is able to finance her sister Bronislawa’s medical studies in Paris, France, with the understanding that Bronislawa will in turn later help her to get an education.

1891–94

Skłodowska moves to Paris in 1891 to study at the Sorbonne. She begins to use the name Marie. She studies far into the night and completes degrees in physics and math. In the spring of 1894 she meets Pierre Curie, who is completing his doctorate of science.

1895

Marie and Pierre CuriePierre and Marie Curie pose with bicycles on their honeymoon in 1895.
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Marie and Pierre marry on July 25. She takes her husband’s surname. Their marriage marks the beginning of a partnership that is soon to achieve results of world significance.

1896–98

In 1896 a French scientist named Henri Becquerel finds that the element uranium gives off unusual rays of energy. He passes his findings on to Marie, who begins studying the phenomenon, which she later names radioactivity. In 1898 the Curies announce their discovery of two new elements, radium and polonium. They name polonium after Marie’s homeland of Poland.

1903

Marie earns her doctorate of science in June, becoming the first woman in France to receive a doctoral degree. In November Marie and Pierre share with Becquerel the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery and research of radioactivity. Marie is the first woman to receive the honor. (In submitting its nomination to the Nobel committee, the French Academy of Sciences had not acknowledged Marie’s contributions and omitted her name, but it was later put forward after Pierre insisted that they be considered for the prize together.)

1906

Pierre dies in a traffic accident on April 19. Marie takes over his professorship at the Sorbonne in May. She is the first woman to teach there. She devotes all of her energy to completing alone the scientific work that she and Pierre had undertaken.

1910

Marie’s fundamental treatise on radioactivity is published.

1911

Marie is awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, for the isolation of pure radium.

1914–18

Marie Curie; mobile radiological unitIn 1914 Marie Curie drives a car converted into a mobile radiological unit used to treat wounded soldiers during World War I.
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World War I begins in 1914. Throughout the war Marie, with the help of her daughter Irène devotes herself to making X-ray technology available for use in the medical treatment of wounded soldiers.

1922

From this date Marie focuses her research on the chemistry of radioactive substances and the medical applications of these substances.

1932

Marie helps open the Radium Institute in Warsaw. Her sister, Bronislawa, is named director of the institute.

July 4, 1934

Marie dies near Sallanches, France. Her death is the result of leukemia caused by exposure to radiation.

1944

American chemists discover a new element. They name it curium in honor of Marie and Pierre Curie.

Marie Curie summary

Marie Curie’s Achievements

Marie Curie | Achievements

Henri Becquerel Summary

Henri Becquerel was a French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. In 1903 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie. He was a member of a scientific family extending through several generations, the most notable

Nobel Prize Summary

Nobel Prize, any of the prizes (five in number until 1969, when a sixth was added) that are awarded annually from a fund bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards given for intellectual