Why Do Catholics Pray to Mary?

Mary, the mother of Jesus, is venerated by Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians because they view her as a significant intercessor and a spiritual mother in their faith. In Roman Catholic belief, Mary holds a special place in heaven and serves as a “mediatrix” between God and humanity, meaning that she intercedes on behalf of all sinners and prays for humans and their redemption. This belief is rooted in the idea that Mary, being close to Jesus, can present prayers to him in a way that is particularly effective.

The veneration of Mary is called hyperdulia (Greek: “super-service”) by theologians and is an extension of the Catholic belief in the communion of saints. This belief is distinct from the worship due to God alone. The theological foundation for praying to Mary is tied to her role as Theotokos, or “God-bearer,” a title that probably arose in the 3rd or 4th century ce and was affirmed by the Second Council of Ephesus (431). This title also underscores the divine nature of Christ, which was established as dogma in the 4th century.

In 1854 Pope Pius IX declared the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, which states that Mary was conceived free from original sin. In 1950 Pope Pius XII established the dogma of the Assumption, the belief that Mary was taken into heaven, body and soul, following the end of her life on Earth. These beliefs further elevate her status as a holy intercessor.

Devotional practices such as praying the rosary and the Hail Mary are central to Catholic spirituality. These practices involve reflecting on significant events in the lives of Jesus and Mary as well as asking for Mary’s intercession. Both the Roman Catholic and Eastern churches celebrate feast days that honor Mary. These include the feasts of the Immaculate Conception, the Assumption, the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and the Nativity of the Theotokos, some of which are considered to be holy days of obligation.