protozoan

Table of Contents

Introduction
Features of protozoans
Natural history
- Size range and diversity of structure
  - Flagellated protozoans
  - Amoebae and pseudopodia
  - Ciliated protozoans
  - Parasitic protozoans
- Distribution and abundance
- Ecological and industrial importance of protozoans
- Protozoans and disease
Form and function
- The protozoan cell
- Characteristics of locomotion
  - Flagellar propulsion
  - Cilium structure and beat
  - Amoeboid movement
- Respiration and other energy-generating pathways
  - Aerobic protozoans
  - Anaerobic protozoans
    - Hydrogenosomes
    - Mitosomes and glycosomes
- Carbon acquisition and nutrition
  - Mechanisms of food ingestion
  - Food vacuoles
  - Food selection
  - Mixotrophy
    - Photosynthesis and plastid acquisition
    - Symbiotic mixotrophy
    - Mixotrophy in planktonic protozoans
- Reproduction and life cycles
  - Mechanisms of asexual reproduction
  - Mechanisms of sexual reproduction
    - Conjugation in ciliates
    - Autogamy and modified conjugation
  - Parasitic protozoan life cycles
- Adaptations
Evolution and paleontology
Classification
- General principles
- Diagnostic features
- Annotated classification

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images & Videos

Noctiluca scintillans

representative protozoans

Discover how individual cilia employ viscous drag to coordinate power and recovery strokes for locomotion

glass model of Volvox

oligotrich; Halteria grandinella

Trypanosoma cruzi

blackwater fever

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protozoan: Facts & Related Content

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Facts

Also Known As	Protozoa

Photos and Videos

Noctiluca scintillans

representative protozoans

glass model of Volvox

oligotrich; Halteria grandinella

Trypanosoma cruzi

blackwater fever

Trichomonas vaginalis

Discover how individual cilia employ viscous drag to coordinate power and recovery strokes for locomotion

Analyze the structure and motion of cilia and flagella

Study the habits of amoebae, vorticellas, paramecium, and other protozoans under a microscope

Observe protozoan microorganisms from a drop of pond water under optical and electron microscopes

See All Videos and Images →

Topics

ciliate flagellate sarcodine myxosporidian cnidosporidian apicomplexan actinomyxidian animalcule Stramenopiles opalinid algae tardigrade slime mold Myxomycetes red algae green algae Plasmodiophoromycota Chytridiomycota Xanthophyta

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Key People

Charles Atwood Kofoid

American zoologist

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch scientist

Francisco J. Ayala

Francisco J. Ayala

American geneticist and biologist

Leidy

Joseph Leidy

American zoologist

Félix Dujardin

French biologist

Richard von Hertwig

Richard von Hertwig

German biologist

Maurice Caullery

Maurice Caullery

French biologist

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