endoparasitism

Braconid larvae are either endoparasitic, living within their hosts, or ectoparasitic, living on their hosts. Endoparasitic adult females lay an egg or eggs in the larvae or eggs of the host (braconid wasps do not typically exploit adult hosts). Many species are egg-larval parasitoids, meaning the wasp eggs are…

…disease in the host; or endoparasites, which may be either intercellular (inhabiting spaces in the host’s body) or intracellular (inhabiting cells in the host’s body). Intracellular parasites—such as bacteria or viruses—often rely on a third organism, known as the carrier, or vector, to transmit them to the host. Malaria, which…

… species), cosmopolitan in distribution, are endoparasites that cause severe losses to hundreds of different crop and ornamental plants by penetrating roots and making their way through the tissues, breaking down the cells as they feed. They deposit eggs from which new colonies develop. After a root begins to decline in…