initiation

…subdivided into three stages: (1) Initiation, in which a reactive intermediate, which may be an atom, an ion, or a neutral molecular fragment, is formed, usually through the action of an agent such as light, heat, or a catalyst. (2) Propagation, whereby the intermediate reacts with the original reactants, producing…

…a free-radical chain reaction involve initiation, propagation, and termination steps (Figure 1). Under certain conditions, in initiation a free-radical molecule (X · ) present in the food removes a hydrogen (H) atom from a lipid molecule, producing a lipid radical (L · ). This lipid radical reacts with molecular oxygen…

Chain-growth polymerization reactions require the presence of an initiator, a compound that reacts with the monomer to form another reactive compound, which begins the linking process. The most widely used initiators are compounds such as peroxides that break down to an unstable species called…

Vinyl monomers may also be polymerized by ionic initiators, although these are used less widely in the polymer industry than their radical or organometallic counterparts. Ionic initiators may be cationic (positively charged) or anionic (negatively charged). Cationic initiators are most commonly compounds or combinations…