John Williamson Nevin: In 1843 Nevin published The Anxious Bench, an influential criticism of the revivalism and disregard for confessional traditions of such evangelists as Charles Grandison Finney. Nevin argued for the importance of church life and the sacramental side of Christianity, particularly for the importance of the Roman Catholic doctrines of…

Oliver Stone: …motifs, power and violence, in Any Given Sunday (1999), about professional football, and in Alexander (2004), a poorly received biography of Alexander the Great starring Colin Farrell. World Trade Center (2006), a retelling of the events of September 11, 2001, from the viewpoint of two police officers,

Gene Hackman: …young suitor in Muriel Resnick’s Any Wednesday. His performance attracted the attention of Hollywood agents, and Hackman was subsequently cast in the film Lilith (1964), which starred Warren Beatty.

Wendy Wasserstein: Wasserstein’s first play, Any Woman Can’t (1973), is a cutting farce on one of her major themes—a woman’s attempts to succeed in an environment traditionally dominated by men. Two other early works are Uncommon Women and Others (1975; revised and expanded, 1977) and Isn’t It Romantic (1981), which…

South Sudan: The 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement: …the fighting units of the Anya Nya and its political wing, the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM). Thereafter—throughout 1971—the SSLM, representing General Lagu, maintained a dialogue with the Sudanese government over proposals for regional autonomy and the ending of hostilities. Those talks culminated in the signing of the Addis Ababa…

Anyang, city, northern Henan sheng (province), northeast-central China, on the Anyang River, a tributary of the Wei River. It was important in history as the site of the ancient city of Yin, the capital of the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 bce) from the 14th century bce; the Shang palace stood about 10

Anyang, city, Gyeonggi do (province), northwestern South Korea, situated about 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Seoul. It was given the status of a municipality in 1973 and has become the largest industrial satellite of Seoul. Industries include brewing and the manufacture of textiles, pottery, paper,

Anyang: …three temples are contained within Anyang Art Park, a former amusement park rededicated to public art, local cultural treasures, and nature trails. Pop. (2020) 542,336.

Myanmar: The origins of civilization in Myanmar: …tools that have been labeled Anyathian, from Anyatha (another term for Upper Burma). A discovery in 1969, by workers from the government’s Department of Archaeology, of some cave paintings and stone tools in the eastern part of Shan state shows that that area too had Paleolithic as well as early…

Anyi, African people who inhabit the tropical forest of eastern Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and speak a language of the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo language family. About the middle of the 18th century most of the Anyi were expelled from Ghana by the Asante and migrated westward. The Anyi, who live

Antanas Baranauskas: …literature, Anykyščių šilelis (1858–59; The Forest of Anykščiai). The 342-line poem, written in East High Lithuanian dialect, describes the former beauty of a pine grove near his village and its despoliation under the Russians (“Hills with tree-stumps, bare slopes! Who would believe in your former beauty?”); it depicted in symbolic…

Glen Powell: More success with Anyone But You: …Sydney Sweeney in the rom-com Anyone But You (2023). Inspired by William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing, the movie follows Bea and Ben, who are unexpectedly reunited at a destination wedding months after their brief but magical encounter turned icy. The movie received mixed reviews and hardly made a dent…

Angela Lansbury: …and the Stephen Sondheim musical Anyone Can Whistle (1964). Her breakthrough came in the title role of the Jerry Herman musical Mame (1966), for which she won her first Tony Award.

Anyte was a Greek poet of the Peloponnesus who was so highly esteemed in antiquity that in the well-known Stephanos (“Garland”), a collection compiled by Meleager (early 1st century), the “lilies of Anyte” are the first poems to be entwined in the “wreath of poets.” Anyte’s fame persisted, and

Jamie Lee Curtis: Comedies: Trading Places, A Fish Called Wanda, and True Lies: …Lewis in the TV sitcom Anything but Love (1989–92), about coworkers who are attracted to each other. Curtis received a Golden Globe Award (1990) for her performance. In 1994 she starred with Arnold Swarzenegger in James Cameron’s True Lies. The action comedy was a blockbuster, and Curtis, who performed a…

George Seaton: Miracle on 34th Street and The Country Girl: Seaton then made Anything Can Happen (1952), a Cold War comedy with José Ferrer, and Little Boy Lost (1953), with Bing Crosby as a widower searching a French orphanage for his long-lost son.

Cole Porter: …Frenchmen (1929), Gay Divorcée (1932), Anything Goes (1934), Red, Hot and Blue (1934), Jubilee (1935), Dubarry Was a Lady (1939), Panama Hattie (1940), Kiss Me, Kate (1948, based on William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew), Can-Can (1953), and

Lewis Milestone: Films of the 1930s: Milestone had more success with Anything Goes (1936), a very loose adaptation of a Broadway play featuring music by Cole Porter; it starred Bing Crosby, Ethel Merman, and Ida Lupino. The General Died at Dawn was one of 1936’s best pictures, an entertaining thriller set in turbulent China, with Gary…

Elizabeth Strout: Lucy Barton novels: Amgash is the setting of Anything Is Possible (2017), which follows a number of characters mentioned in My Name Is Lucy Barton. It also offers additional details about Lucy’s childhood, which is more traumatic than first portrayed. In Olive, Again (2019), Strout continued the story of Olive Kitteridge while introducing…

Socrates: The perceived fragility of Athenian democracy: …Socrates and spoke against him—Anytus—was a prominent democratic leader makes it all the more likely that worries about the future of Athenian democracy lay behind Socrates’ trial. And even if neither Anytus nor the other prosecutors (Meletus and Lycon) harboured such fears, it is hard to believe that they…

Anywa, a Luo-speaking riverine people, two-thirds of whom live in eastern South Sudan and the remainder in Ethiopia. The Anywa are believed to have migrated from lands east of the African Great Lakes several centuries ago. They number about 100,000, and their language is classified as Nilo-Saharan.

Anywa, a Luo-speaking riverine people, two-thirds of whom live in eastern South Sudan and the remainder in Ethiopia. The Anywa are believed to have migrated from lands east of the African Great Lakes several centuries ago. They number about 100,000, and their language is classified as Nilo-Saharan.

Pete Townshend: The Who: …including “I Can’t Explain,” “Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere,” “My Generation,” and “Substitute.” The band continued to attract attention in Britain with its 1967 album The Who Sell Out, a pioneering concept album devised by Townshend that criticized excessive commercialism.

Natalie Portman: Beautiful Girls, Closer, and Star Wars movies: …Sarandon’s flamboyant single mother in Anywhere but Here (1999) and as a homeless and pregnant teen who gives birth in a Wal-Mart store in Where the Heart Is (2000). In addition to acting, Portman attended Harvard University, graduating in 2003 with a bachelor’s degree in psychology. In 2004 she won…

TV on the Radio: Sitek also produced Scarlett Johansson’s Anywhere I Lay My Head (2008), which featured the actress’s interpretation of Tom Waits songs. Malone released a solo album titled Rain Machine in 2009, and the following year Sitek’s pop group Maximum Balloon released its debut LP. The group returned to the studio for…

John Key: Prime ministership: …2018 Key became chairman of ANZ Bank New Zealand Ltd.

Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, large desert recreational area in southern California, U.S., lying east of San Diego, south of Palm Springs, and west of the Salton Sea. Encompassing more than 935 square miles (2,420 square km) of the Colorado Desert, it is the largest state park in the 48

ANZAC, combined corps that served with distinction in World War I during the ill-fated 1915 Gallipoli Campaign, an attempt to capture the Dardanelles from Turkey. In 1916 Australian and New Zealand infantry divisions were sent to France. They took part in some of the bloodiest actions of the war

World War I: Rival strategies and the Dardanelles campaign, 1915–16: …won a bridgehead at “Anzac Cove,” north of Kaba Tepe, on the Aegean side of the peninsula, with some 20,000 men landing in the first two days. The British, meanwhile, tried to land at five points around Cape Helles but established footholds only at three of them and then…

ANZAC Day, in Australia and New Zealand, holiday (April 25) that commemorates the landing in 1915, during World War I, of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Allies attempted to take control of the strategic Dardanelles from Turkey, allied with the

William Baylebridge: …War I were collected in Anzac Muster (1921).

Bandar-e Anzalī, principal port and resort, northern Iran, on the Caspian Sea, connected with Māzandarān, Azerbaijan, and Tehrān by road. The population includes Russians, Armenians, Caucasians, and Turkmens. Founded in the early 19th century, the town lies on both sides of the entrance to Mordāb

Anshan, city and territory of ancient Elam, north of modern Shīrāz, southwestern Iran. The city’s ruins, covering 350 acres, have yielded major archaeological finds, including examples of early Elamite writing. Anshan came to prominence about 2350 bc as an enemy of the Mesopotamian dynasty of

ancient Iran: The Middle Elamite period: …rise to power of the Anzanite dynasty, whose homeland probably lay in the mountains northeast of modern Khūzestān. Political expansion under Khumbannumena (c. 1285–c. 1266 bc), the fourth king of this line, proceeded apace, and his successes were commemorated by his assumption of the title “Expander of the Empire.” He…

Ludwig Anzengruber was an Austrian playwright and novelist who won acclaim for his realistic plays of peasant life. After working for a time as an actor, Anzengruber published an anti-clerical drama, Der Pfarrer von Kirchfeld (1870; “The Pastor of Kirchfeld”), which was a great success. Except for

Anzhero-Sudzhensk, city, Kemerovo oblast (province), Russia, on the Trans-Siberian Railroad at the northern limit of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin. Coal mining, begun early in the 20th century, expanded rapidly after 1928, when the townships of Anzherka and Sudzhenka were amalgamated, to be given city

Kingdom of Anziku, historic African state on and north of the Congo River in the vicinity of Malebo Pool. The Teke people lived on the plateaus of the region from early times. It is not known when they organized as a kingdom, but by 1600 their state was a rival of the Kongo kingdom south of the

Dionisio Anzilotti was an Italian jurist who was one of the main founders of the so-called positive school of international law, a legal philosophy advocating a sharp distinction between the legal and the political and moral aspects of international relations. In 1906 Anzilotti was cofounder of the

Anzio, town, Roma province, Lazio (Latium) region, Italy, located on a peninsula jutting into the Tyrrhenian Sea. The town is of uncertain origin; according to legend, it was founded by Anteias, son of the Greek chieftain Odysseus, and the enchantress Circe. It was a stronghold of the Volsci, an

Battle of Anzio, (January 22–June 5, 1944) World War II battle, fought during the Italian Campaign. Some 50,000 Allied troops staged an amphibious landing (codenamed Operation Shingle) at Anzio, 33 miles (53 km) south of Rome, in an effort to bypass the strong German defenses along the Gustav Line.

Anzoátegui, estado (state), northeastern Venezuela. It is bounded to the north by the Caribbean Sea and Sucre state, to the east by Monagas state, to the south by the Orinoco River, to the west by Guárico state, and to the northwest by Miranda state. Most of Anzoátegui’s area lies in the Llanos

Sucre: …in 1539 by the conquistador Pedro de Anzúrez on the site of a Charcas Indian village and has been variously called La Plata (the Spanish colonial name), Charcas, and Chuquisaca (the former Indigenous name for the site, probably meaning “headquarters of the Charcas”). Many colonial churches survive, including the 17th-century…

ANZUS Pact, security treaty between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States that was signed in San Francisco, Calif., on Sept. 1, 1951, for the purpose of providing mutual aid in the event of aggression and for settling disputes by peaceful means. It came into force in 1952. The three

ANZUS Pact, security treaty between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States that was signed in San Francisco, Calif., on Sept. 1, 1951, for the purpose of providing mutual aid in the event of aggression and for settling disputes by peaceful means. It came into force in 1952. The three

Zhengzhou: …with the Shang capital of Ao. The Shang, who continually moved their capital, left Ao, perhaps in the 13th century bce. The site, nevertheless, remained occupied; Zhou (post-1050 bce) tombs have also been discovered. Traditionally, it is held that in the Western Zhou period (1111–771 bce) it became the fief…

sea ice: Pack ice drift and thickness: …centre is known as the Arctic Oscillation.

Nagaland: Cultural life: …democratic structures of the Angamis, Aos, Lothas, and Rengmas. A prominent village institution is the morung (a communal house or dormitory for young unmarried men), where skulls and other trophies of war formerly were hung. The pillars are still carved with striking representations of tigers, hornbills, and human and other…

Vietnam: Daily life and social customs: …a form of the traditional ao dai, a long, slit tunic worn over pants.

Macau, special administrative region (Pinyin: tebie xingzhengqu; Wade-Giles romanization: t’e-pieh hsing-cheng-ch’ü) of China, on the country’s southern coast. Macau is located on the southwestern corner of the Pearl (Zhu) River (Chu Chiang) estuary (at the head of which is the port of Guangzhou

osteopathy: …institutions are accredited by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and most are members of the American Osteopathic Hospital Association.

Aoba, volcanic island of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 30 miles (50 km) east of Espiritu Santo. With an area of 154 square miles (399 square km), the island is dominated by Manaro, a 4,907-foot (1,496-metre) volcanic peak with three lakes in its caldera. Aoba’s landscape inspired

stainless steel: In the argon-oxygen decarburization process, a mixture of oxygen and argon gas is injected into the liquid steel. By varying the ratio of oxygen and argon, it is possible to remove carbon to controlled levels by oxidizing it to carbon monoxide without also oxidizing and losing expensive…

Ehud, in the Old Testament (Judges 3:12–4:1), son of Gera, the Benjaminite, Israelite hero who delivered Israel from 18 years of oppression by the Moabites. A left-handed man, Ehud tricked Eglon, king of Moab, and killed him. He then led the tribe of Ephraim to seize the fords of the Jordan, where

French West Africa, administrative grouping under French rule from 1895 until 1958 of the former French territories of West Africa: Senegal, French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, and the French Sudan, to which Dahomey (Benin) was added in 1899. Certain territories of the Sudan were grouped together under

laque burgauté, in the decorative arts, East Asian technique of decorating lacquer ware with inlaid designs employing shaped pieces of the iridescent blue-green shell of the sea-ear (Haliotis). This shell inlay is sometimes engraved and occasionally combined with gold and silver. Workmanship is

Douglas Hyde was a distinguished Gaelic scholar and writer and the first president of the Republic of Ireland (Éire). He was the outstanding figure in the struggle for the preservation and extension of the Irish language from 1893, when he founded the Gaelic League (a nationalistic organization of

epic: Uses of the epic: …Homer, the activity of the aoidoi, who sang their own epic songs at the courts of the nobility, slowly declined. During the first half of the 7th century, the aoidoi produced such new poems as those of Hesiod and some of the earlier poems of what was to become known…

epic: Uses of the epic: …Homer, the activity of the aoidoi, who sang their own epic songs at the courts of the nobility, slowly declined. During the first half of the 7th century, the aoidoi produced such new poems as those of Hesiod and some of the earlier poems of what was to become known…

Legio Maria: …a catechist (religious teacher), and Gaundencia Aoko. Both claimed to have undergone prophetic experiences that invested them with divine authority and directed them to reject traditional magic and divine healers. Excommunicated for this, Ondeto and Aoko formed a new all-African church that offered free healing by prayer and the exorcism…

AOL, one of the largest Internet-access subscription service companies in the United States, providing a range of Web services for users. AOL was one of the first companies to establish a strong sense of community among its users through buddy lists and instant messaging services, which transmit

Richard Parsons: …who was CEO (2002–07) of AOL Time Warner (now WarnerMedia) and later chairman (2009–12) of Citigroup.

Macau, special administrative region (Pinyin: tebie xingzhengqu; Wade-Giles romanization: t’e-pieh hsing-cheng-ch’ü) of China, on the country’s southern coast. Macau is located on the southwestern corner of the Pearl (Zhu) River (Chu Chiang) estuary (at the head of which is the port of Guangzhou

Aomori, northernmost ken (prefecture) on the island of Honshu, Japan. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean (east), the Tsugaru Strait (north), and the Sea of Japan (East Sea; west). The peninsulas of Tsugaru and Shimokita enclose Mutsu Bay. The prefectural capital, Aomori city, is at the head of the

Aomori, city and capital of Aomori ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan. It is located on Aomori Bay, near the northern limit of the Tōhoku region. One of Japan’s most important transportation centres, Aomori is the terminus of the main northern Honshu rail lines—including the Tōhoku branch of

Aon Center, 83-floor (1,136 feet, or 346.3 metres, tall) commercial skyscraper located at 200 E. Randolph Street in downtown Chicago’s East Loop area. Completed in 1972, the simple, rectangular-shaped, tubular steel-framed structure was originally called the Standard Oil Building because it housed

Hagiwara Sakutarō: In his second poetry collection, Aoneko (1923; “Blue Cat”), Hagiwara presented himself as a cheerless and tormented man thirsting for affection. These two collections established his reputation as a poet. His difficult style was not immediately understood, although one of the leaders of the Japanese literary world, the novelist Mori…

Antrim, town and former district (1973–2015) within the former County Antrim, now in Antrim and Newtownabbey district, eastern Northern Ireland. Antrim town is located in the valley of the Six Mile Water stream, at the northeastern corner of Lough (lake) Neagh. In 1798 the town was the scene of a

mustelid: Natural history: Clawless otters (genus Aonyx) specialize in crustaceans (especially crabs) and mollusks, whereas other otters (genus Lutra) are primarily fish eaters. Among the weasels (genus Mustela), specialization occurs even between the sexes, such that males, owing to their larger size, consume larger prey than females do.

otter: Freshwater otters: African clawless otters (Aonyx capensis) and Congo clawless otters (A. congicus or A. capensis congicus) occupy murky waterways and thus rely more on manual dexterity than on vision to obtain food (mostly crabs) from under rocks. Their front feet are handlike and partially webbed.

otter: Freshwater otters: …clawless otters (Aonyx capensis) and Congo clawless otters (A. congicus or A. capensis congicus) occupy murky waterways and thus rely more on manual dexterity than on vision to obtain food (mostly crabs) from under rocks. Their front feet are handlike and partially webbed.

otter: Freshwater otters: …clawless otters (Aonyx capensis) and Congo clawless otters (A. congicus or A. capensis congicus) occupy murky waterways and thus rely more on manual dexterity than on vision to obtain food (mostly crabs) from under rocks. Their front feet are handlike and partially webbed.

Aoraki/Mount Cook, mountain, the highest in New Zealand, located in the Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, west-central South Island. Surrounded by 22 peaks exceeding elevations of 10,000 feet (3,000 metres), the permanently snow-clad mountain rises to 12,316 feet (3,754 metres); a landslide in

Aoraki/Mount Cook, mountain, the highest in New Zealand, located in the Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, west-central South Island. Surrounded by 22 peaks exceeding elevations of 10,000 feet (3,000 metres), the permanently snow-clad mountain rises to 12,316 feet (3,754 metres); a landslide in

Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, park, west-central South Island, New Zealand. Established in 1953, it has an area of 273 square miles (707 square km) and has a common western boundary with Westland National Park. The park extends for about 40 miles (65 km) along the crest of the Southern Alps. At

Cambodia: Relief: …remote and largely uninhabited area, Mount Aôral, Cambodia’s highest peak, rises to an elevation of 5,949 feet (1,813 meters). The southern coastal region adjoining the Gulf of Thailand is a narrow lowland strip, heavily wooded and sparsely populated, which is isolated from the central plain by the southwestern highlands.

Aoraki/Mount Cook, mountain, the highest in New Zealand, located in the Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, west-central South Island. Surrounded by 22 peaks exceeding elevations of 10,000 feet (3,000 metres), the permanently snow-clad mountain rises to 12,316 feet (3,754 metres); a landslide in

Lake of Averno, crater lake in Napoli province, Campania region, southern Italy, in the Campi Flegrei volcanic region, west of Naples. It is 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, 118 ft deep, and nearly 2 mi (more than 3 km) in circumference, with no natural outlet. Its Greek name, Aornos, was interpreted as

Siege of Aornos, (327 bc), conflict in which Alexander the Great seized a nearly impregnable natural stronghold blocking his route to India. Aornos is evidently modern Pīr Sarāi, a steep ridge a few miles west of the Indus and north of the Buner rivers in modern Pakistan. Unable to storm the rock,

aorta, in vertebrates and some invertebrates, the blood vessel (or vessels) carrying blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body. At the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta is a three-part valve that prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the heart.

coarctation of the aorta, congenital malformation involving the constriction, or narrowing, of a short section of that portion of the aorta that arches over the heart. The aorta is the principal artery conducting blood from the heart into the systemic circulation. The partial obstruction of the

hypothermia: Complex aortic aneurysms involving the proximal portion of the aorta (the trunk of the aorta, originating from the heart) and complex congenital defects of the heart can be safely corrected with this technique.

animal development: Circulatory organs: These are the aortic arches, which served originally to supply blood to the gills in aquatic vertebrates. The arches are laid down in all vertebrates, six or more being found in cyclostomes and fishes; six are present in the embryos of tetrapods, but the first two are degenerate.…

atresia and stenosis: Aortic-arch and heart-valve atresias cause serious difficulty in early life but can sometimes be repaired by surgery.

aortic arch syndrome, group of disorders that cause blockage of the vessels that branch off from the aorta in the area in which the aorta arches over the heart. The aorta is the principal vessel through which the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood into the systemic circulation. The aortic branches that

human respiratory system: Peripheral chemoreceptors: The aortic bodies located near the arch of the aorta also respond to acute changes in the partial pressure of oxygen, but less well than the carotid body responds to changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The aortic bodies are responsible for many of…

aortic insufficiency, failure of the valve at the mouth of the aorta—the principal artery that distributes blood from the heart to the tissues of the body—to prevent backflow of blood from the aorta into the left lower chamber (ventricle) of the heart, from which it has been pumped. The defect

human cardiovascular system: Blood supply to the heart: …from the right and left aortic sinuses (the sinuses of Valsalva), which are bulges at the origin of the ascending aorta immediately beyond, or distal to, the aortic valve. The ostium, or opening, of the right coronary artery is in the right aortic sinus and that of the left coronary…

aortic stenosis, narrowing of the passage between the left lower chamber (ventricle) of the heart and the aorta, the principal artery of the systemic circulation. The defect is most often in the valve at the mouth of the aorta but may be just above or below the valve (supravalvular and subvalvular

cardiovascular disease: Abnormalities of the valves: …the cardiac valves affects the aortic valve. The normal aortic valve usually has three cusps, or leaflets, but the valve is bicuspid in 1 to 2 percent of the population. A bicuspid aortic valve is not necessarily life-threatening, but in some persons it becomes thickened and obstructed (stenotic). With age…

cardiovascular disease: Abnormalities of the valves: A bicuspid aortic valve is not necessarily life-threatening, but in some persons it becomes thickened and obstructed (stenotic). With age the valve may also become incompetent or act as a nidus (focus of infection) for bacterial endocarditis. Congenital aortic valve stenosis, if severe, results in hypertrophy of…

police: Firearms and explosives: …Zealand only the members of Armed Offenders Squads (AOS), which were established in 1964 after the fatal shooting of four police officers, are allowed to carry and use firearms. Each AOS is staffed with part-time police volunteers drawn from all branches of the police, and the squads operate only on…

American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), U.S. medical organization established in 1972 and headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois. It had its origins in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and its Committee on Sports Medicine, whose members saw a need for a forum in which

Aosta, city, capital of Valle d’Aosta region, northwestern Italy, at the confluence of the Buthier and Dora Baltea rivers and commanding the Great and Little St. Bernard pass roads, north-northwest of Turin. It was a stronghold of the Salassi, a Celtic tribe that was subdued by the Romans in 25

Valle d’Aosta, region, northwestern Italy, containing the upper basin of the Dora Baltea River, from its source near Mount Blanc to just above Ivrea. The region is enclosed on the north, west, and south by the Alps. Originally the territory of the Salassi, a Celtic tribe, the valley was annexed by

New Zealand, island country in the South Pacific Ocean, the southwesternmost part of Polynesia. New Zealand is a remote land—one of the last sizable territories suitable for habitation to be populated and settled—and lies more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Australia, its nearest

primate: Classification: Family Aotidae (durukulis, or night monkeys) 1 genus, 9 species. South and Central America. Family Pitheciidae (sakis, uakaris, and titis) 4 genera, 29 or more South American species. 3 fossil

Maroni River: …gold mining, is called the Lawa, or Aoua. Shallow-draft vessels can penetrate 60 miles (100 km) upstream from the river’s mouth; beyond that point there are many waterfalls and rapids. The river’s chief tributary is the Tapanahoni, in Suriname, from the southwest.

aoudad, (Ammotragus lervia), North African goatlike mammal of the family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla). This species has been inappropriately called a sheep, although recent genetic information reveals that it is much more closely related to wild goats. The aoudad stands about 102 cm (40 inches) at

Aouelloul Crater, large crater located 28 mi (45 km) southwest of Chinguetti, Mauritania, and thought to stem from the impact of a large meteorite. . Discovered by air in 1951, it is 833 ft (250 m) in diameter and 33 ft in depth. A large amount of fused silica glass has been found in the area, but

Chari River: …its right bank by the Aouk, Kéita, and Salamat rivers, parallel streams that mingle in an immense floodplain. The Salamat, which rises in Darfur in Sudan, in its middle course is fed by the waters of Lake Iro. The river then divides into numerous branches that spread into a delta…