Tertullian: Life: …nationes (“To the Nations”), and Apologeticum (“Defense”), he indicated that he was impressed by certain Christian attitudes and beliefs: the courage and determination of martyrs, moral rigorism, and an uncompromising belief in one God. By the end of the 2nd century, the church in Carthage had become large, firmly established,…

John Jewel: In 1562 he published the Apologia pro ecclesia Anglicana (“Defense of the Anglican Church”), described by Mandell Creighton as “the first methodical statement of the position of the Church of England against the Church of Rome.” After Thomas Harding, who had been deprived of the title of prebendary (honorary canon)…

St. John Henry Newman: Apologia pro Vita Sua: From the sense of frustration engendered by these experiences Newman was delivered in 1864 by an unwarranted attack from Charles Kingsley upon his moral teaching. Kingsley in effect challenged him to justify the honesty of his life as an Anglican. And,…

Blaise Pascal: Pensées: Pascal finally decided to write his work of Christian apologetics, Apologie de la religion chrétienne, as a consequence of his meditations on miracles and other proofs of Christianity. The work remained unfinished at his death. Between the summers of 1657 and 1658, he put…

The Defence of Poesie, literary criticism by Sir Philip Sidney, written about 1582 and published posthumously in 1595. Another edition of the work, published the same year, is titled An Apologie for Poetrie. Considered the finest work of Elizabethan literary criticism, Sidney’s elegant essay

Hermann Samuel Reimarus: Reimarus’ major work, Apologie oder Schutzschrift für die vernünftigen Verehrer Gottes (“Apologia or Defense for the Rational Reverers of God”), took 20 years to complete and was deliberately left unpublished until after his death. Gotthold Lessing obtained fragments of the work from Reimarus’ children for publication under the…

Henri II Estienne: This “Apologie pour Hérodote,” perhaps Estienne’s most famous work, caused Estienne trouble in Geneva. Ostensibly designed to show how the strange stories in Herodotus are paralleled by equally strange ones in modern times, it is bitterly satirical of his own age. Some passages were most objectionable…

Marc Bloch: …l’histoire; ou, métier d’historien (1949; The Historian’s Craft). Bloch’s best-known and most accessible work, it is both a valuable guide to historical methodology and a stirring statement of a scholar’s civic responsibility. After the Nazis occupied all of France, he joined the French Resistance in 1943 and became a leader.…

St. Justin Martyr: Works: …still deemed genuine are two Apologies and the Dialogue with Trypho. The first, or “Major Apology,” was addressed about 150 to the Roman emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. In the first part of the First Apology, Justin defends his fellow Christians against the charges of atheism and hostility to…

Apologist, any of the Christian writers, primarily in the 2nd century, who attempted to provide a defense of Christianity and criticisms of paganism and other aspects of Greco-Roman culture. Many of their writings were addressed to Roman emperors, and it is probable that the writings were actually

Apology, early dialogue by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, purporting to represent the speech given by Socrates, Plato’s teacher, at the former’s trial in Athens in 399 bce in response to accusations of impiety and corrupting the young. At the trial, a jury of Socrates’ fellow citizens found

Thomas More: Years as chancellor of England: …two books of 1533: the Apology and the Debellacyon. He also laughs away the accusation of greed leveled by William Tyndale, translator of parts of the first printed English Bible. More’s poverty was so notorious that the hierarchy collected £5,000 to recoup his polemical costs, but he refused this grant…

apology, autobiographical form in which a defense is the framework for a discussion by the author of his personal beliefs and viewpoints. An early example dating from the 4th century bc is Plato’s Apology, a philosophical dialogue dealing with the trial of Socrates, in which Socrates answers the

St. Athanasius: Life and major works: …exiles and returns in the Apology Against the Arians. Nevertheless, after the death of Constans in 350 and the following civil war, Constantius, as sole emperor, resumed his pro-Arian policy. Again political charges were brought against Athanasius, his banishment was repeated, and in 356 an attempt was made to arrest…

Thomas Heywood: …most important prose work was An Apology for Actors (1612), an account of actors’ place and dignity and their role in society since antiquity.

St. Quadratus: …only a fragment of his Apology for Christianity still extant, preserved in the Ecclesiastical History of the 4th-century scholar Eusebius of Caesarea, Quadratus has not been clearly identified. Addressed from Asia Minor to the Roman emperor Hadrian during a persecution either in 124 or 129, the Apology is thought to…

St. Athanasius: Life and major works: …the Apology to Constantius and Apology for His Flight. The emperor’s persistence and reports of persecution at Alexandria under the new Arian bishop George led him, in the more violent History of the Arians, to treat Constantius as a precursor of Antichrist.

skepticism: The Reformation: Montaigne, in Apology for Raimond Sebond, and Sanches, in Quod nihil scitur (“Why Nothing Can Be Known”), both written in 1576, explored the human epistemological situation and showed that knowledge claims in all areas were extremely dubious. Montaigne recommended living according to nature and custom and accepting…

Aristides: …the earliest Christian Apologists, his Apology for the Christian Faith being one of the oldest extant Apologist documents. Known primarily through a reference by the 4th-century historian Eusebius of Caesarea, Aristides addressed his Apology either to the Roman emperor Hadrian (reigned 117–138) or to his successor Antoninus Pius (reigned 138–161).…

St. Gregory Palamas: …attack by composing his “Apology for the Holy Hesychasts” (1338), also called the “Triad” because of its division into three parts.

biography: Formal autobiography: …early 17th; and Colley Cibber’s Apology for the Life of Colley Cibber, Comedian in the early 18th—these are representative examples of biographical literature from the Renaissance to the Age of Enlightenment. The latter period itself produced three works that are especially notable for their very different reflections of the spirit…

Shamela, novel by Henry Fielding, published under the pseudonym Conny Keyber in 1741. In this parody of Samuel Richardson’s epistolary novel Pamela, Fielding transforms Richardson’s virtuous servant girl into a predatory fortune hunter who cold-bloodedly lures her lustful wealthy master into

Robert Barclay: …was a Quaker leader whose Apology for the True Christian Divinity (1678) became a standard statement of Quaker doctrines. His friendship with James II, then duke of York, helped obtain the patent to settle the province of East Jersey, in the New World.

Apology, early dialogue by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, purporting to represent the speech given by Socrates, Plato’s teacher, at the former’s trial in Athens in 399 bce in response to accusations of impiety and corrupting the young. At the trial, a jury of Socrates’ fellow citizens found

Apology of the Augsburg Confession, a defense and elaboration of the Augsburg Confession, one of the basic confessions of Lutheranism, written by the reformer Philipp Melanchthon in 1531. The first version of the Apology was hastily written and presented to Emperor Charles V on September 22, 1530,

St. Athanasius: Life and major works: …defended his conduct in the Apology to Constantius and Apology for His Flight. The emperor’s persistence and reports of persecution at Alexandria under the new Arian bishop George led him, in the more violent History of the Arians, to treat Constantius as a precursor of Antichrist.

animal: Annotated classification: Phylum Apometamera Unsegmented worms; food-gathering proboscis with cilia below or in tentacles; sedentary tube dwellers; metanephridia; marine; filter feeders; Devonian to recent; 400 species. Phylum Phoronida Wormlike; sedentary in chitinous tube; lophophore; closed circulatory system; metanephridia; marine; filter feeders; Devonian? to recent; 15

apomixis, reproduction by special generative tissues without fertilization. It includes parthenogenesis in animals, in which the new individual develops from the unfertilized egg, and apogamy in certain plants, in which the generative tissue may be the sporophyte or the gametophyte. Apomixis

aponeurosis, a flat sheet or ribbon of tendonlike material that anchors a muscle or connects it with the part that the muscle moves. The aponeurosis is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue containing fibroblasts (collagen-secreting spindle-shaped cells) and bundles of collagenous fibres in

pondweed: Cape pondweed, or water hawthorn (Aponogeton distachyos), of the family Aponogetonaceae, is native to South Africa and is grown as an ornamental in pools and greenhouses. Many species of those families serve as food for waterfowl and as cover for fishes.

Christianity: Eastern Christianity: …and hence on the “apophatic” or “negative” approach to God. Through a gradual process of ascension from material things to spiritual realities and an eventual stripping away of all created beings in “unknowing,” the soul arrives at “union with Him who transcends all being and all knowledge” (Mystical Theology,…

apophenia, the perception of patterns or connections between unrelated or random data, objects, and ideas in situations where no such patterns actually exist. Apophenia is relatively common, representing a kind of cognitive bias that is perhaps most evident in the form of superstitions and similar

Apopis, Hyksos king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1585–42 bce), who initially controlled much of Egypt but was driven back northward to the vicinity of his capital in the Nile River delta by the successive attacks of the Theban pharaohs. Apopis is attested in Upper Egypt by stone fragments from

Apopis, ancient Egyptian demon of chaos, who had the form of a serpent and, as the foe of the sun god, Re, represented all that was outside the ordered cosmos. Although many serpents symbolized divinity and royalty, Apopis threatened the underworld and symbolized evil. Each night Apopis encountered

Apophis, asteroid classified as a Near-Earth Object (NEO) and a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA). It is approximately 335 meters (1,100 feet) wide and has a peanutlike shape. Apophis will make a very close approach to Earth on April 13, 2029, when it will pass less than 32,000 km (20,000 miles)

Martial: Life and career: …with Greek titles Xenia and Apophoreta; these consist almost entirely of couplets describing presents given to guests at the December festival of the Saturnalia. In the next 15 or 16 years, however, appeared the 12 books of epigrams on which his renown deservedly rests. In ad 86 Books I and…

patristic literature: Monastic literature: …of Egyptian monasticism as the Apophthegmata Patrum (“Sayings of the Fathers”). Compiled toward the end of the 5th century but using much older material, it is a collection of pronouncements of the famous desert personalities and anecdotes about them. The existing text is in Greek, but it probably derives from…

molding: Single curved: (8) An apophyge molding is a small, exaggerated cavetto.

apophyllite, potassium-calcium fluoride-silicate mineral that is related structurally to the zeolite family of aluminosilicates. Like the zeolites, it has a high water content, although apophyllite has no aluminum in its chemical composition, which is approximately represented by the formula

Apopis, Hyksos king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1585–42 bce), who initially controlled much of Egypt but was driven back northward to the vicinity of his capital in the Nile River delta by the successive attacks of the Theban pharaohs. Apopis is attested in Upper Egypt by stone fragments from

Apopis, ancient Egyptian demon of chaos, who had the form of a serpent and, as the foe of the sun god, Re, represented all that was outside the ordered cosmos. Although many serpents symbolized divinity and royalty, Apopis threatened the underworld and symbolized evil. Each night Apopis encountered

Apopis, Hyksos king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1585–42 bce), who initially controlled much of Egypt but was driven back northward to the vicinity of his capital in the Nile River delta by the successive attacks of the Theban pharaohs. Apopis is attested in Upper Egypt by stone fragments from

angiosperm: Structural basis of transport: …free water flow is called apoplast. Water in apoplast originates from the roots and contains nutrients taken up by them. Nutrients enter a cell by crossing the outer cytoplasmic membrane (plasma membrane).

stroke, sudden impairment of brain function resulting either from a substantial reduction in blood flow to some part of the brain or from intracranial bleeding. The consequences of stroke may include transient or lasting paralysis on one or both sides of the body, difficulties in speaking or

lipid: Functions, origins, and recycling of apolipoproteins: The nine classes of apoproteins listed in the table are synthesized in the mucosal cells of the intestine and in the liver, with the liver accounting for about 80 percent of production.

metabolic disease: Lipoprotein disorders: …a constituent of lipoproteins called apoprotein E. Treatment is similar to that required for familial hypercholesterolemia.

apoptosis, in biology, a mechanism that allows cells to self-destruct when stimulated by the appropriate trigger. Apoptosis can be triggered by mild cellular injury and by various factors internal or external to the cell; the damaged cells are then disposed of in an orderly fashion. As a

Damascius: …peri tōn prōtōn archōn (Problems and Solutions About the First Principles), elaborates the comprehensive system of the Neoplatonist thinker Proclus. Despite its retention of Athenian Neoplatonism’s hairsplitting logic and theosophical fantasy, Damascius’ work opens the way to genuine mysticism by his insistence that human speculation can never attain to…

flatworm: Annotated classification: Order Aporidea No sex ducts or genital openings; parasites of swans, ducks, and geese; 4 species. Order Spathebothriidea Scolex without true bothria or suckers; strobila with internal segmentation but no external segmentation; parasites of marine teleosts; 10 species. Class Trematoda

magnoliid clade: Diversity of structure: …the presence of benzylisoquinoline or aporphine alkaloids, which are secondary metabolites with a defensive function and are rare in other groups. Only rarely do the magnoliids produce tanniferous substances, and betalains, iridoid compounds, or mustard oils are not evident. These different classes of defensive agents do, however, occur in some…

gastropod: Classification: …the pelican’s foot shells (Aporrhaidae) of near Arctic waters. Superfamily Calyptraeacea Cap shells (Capulidae) and slipper shells (Calyptraeidae) are limpets with irregularly shaped shells with a small internal cup or shelf; many species show sex reversal, becoming males early in life, then changing into females during old age; common…

preschool education: History: …Italy a Roman Catholic father, Ferrante Aporti, read a translated work by Wilderspin and, as a result, established Italy’s first infant school in Cremona in 1829 and devised an educational plan that aimed at a harmonious combination of moral, intellectual, and physical education. Manual work, at all educational ages, was…

aposematism, biological means by which a dangerous, or noxious, organism advertises its dangerous nature to a potential predator. The predator, having recognized the dangerous organism as an unfavourable prey, thereupon desists from attacking it. Aposematic, or warning, mechanisms have evolved

aposematism, biological means by which a dangerous, or noxious, organism advertises its dangerous nature to a potential predator. The predator, having recognized the dangerous organism as an unfavourable prey, thereupon desists from attacking it. Aposematic, or warning, mechanisms have evolved

aposiopesis, (Greek: “becoming silent”), a speaker’s deliberate failure to complete a sentence. Aposiopesis usually indicates speechless rage or exasperation, as in “Why, you . . .,” and sometimes implies vague threats as in, “Why, I’ll . . . .” The listener is expected to complete the sentence in

plant: Deviations from the usual life history: Apospory is the development of 2n gametophytes, without meiosis and spores, from vegetative, or nonreproductive, cells of the sporophyte. In contrast, apogamy is the development of 1n sporophytes without gametes and syngamy from vegetative cells of the gametophyte. The 2n aposporous gametophytes and the 1n…

apostasy, the total rejection of Christianity by a baptized person who, having at one time professed the Christian faith, publicly rejects it. It is distinguished from heresy, which is limited to the rejection of one or more Christian doctrines by one who maintains an overall adherence to Jesus

Apostle, (from Greek apostolos, “person sent”), any of the 12 disciples chosen by Jesus Christ. The term is sometimes also applied to others, especially Paul, who was converted to Christianity a few years after Jesus’ death. In Luke 6:13 it is stated that Jesus chose 12 from his disciples “whom he

Grallinidae: …Passeriformes) that includes the mudlark, apostle bird, and white-winged chough. The four species, generally restricted to Australia and New Zealand, are 19 to 50 cm (7.5 to 20 inches) long. They are sometimes called mudnest builders, because high in a tree they make bowl-shaped nests of mud, using hair, grass,…

Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, scenic archipelago in extreme northern Wisconsin, U.S., at the southwestern end of Lake Superior. Established in 1970 with 20 islands (another was added in 1986), the national lakeshore now consists of 21 islands and a 12-mile (19-km) strip of the adjacent

St. José de Anchieta ; beatified June 22, 1980; canonized April 3, 2014; feast day June 9) was a Spanish Jesuit acclaimed as a poet, dramatist, and scholar. He is considered one of the founders of the national literature of Brazil and is credited with converting more than a million American

St. Junípero Serra ; canonized September 23, 2015; feast day August 28 [July 1 in the U.S.]) was a Spanish Franciscan priest whose missionary work among the Indigenous people of North America earned him the title of Apostle of California. In 2015 he was canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic

Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin was one of the first Roman Catholic priests to serve as a missionary to European immigrants in the United States during the early 19th century. He was known as the “Apostle of the Alleghenies.” Of noble Russian parentage (his father was Prince Dmitry Alekseyevich

Bernard Gilpin was an English cleric, one of the most conscientious and broad-minded upholders of the Elizabethan church settlement, which recognized the English sovereign, rather than the pope, as head of the English church. Gilpin was educated at Queen’s College, Oxford, and was ordained in 1542.

apostle spoon, spoon for personal use at table, the handle of which is surmounted by a small figure of an apostle, a saint, or Jesus Christ. English silver examples, dating from at least mid-15th century to the end of the 17th century, were sometimes made in sets of 13, consisting of the Twelve

Sholem Asch: …as expressive of essential Judaism; The Apostle (1943), a study of St. Paul; Mary (1949), the mother of Jesus seen as the Jewish “handmaid of the Lord”; and The Prophet (1955), on the Second (Deutero-) Isaiah, whose message of comfort and hope replaces the earlier prophecies of doom. In the…

Robert Duvall: …wrote, directed, and starred in The Apostle (1997), a pet project he spent years developing and that earned him his third Oscar nomination for best actor. Duvall’s performance in A Civil Action (1998) was honoured with his third Oscar nomination for best supporting actor. In 2002 he returned to directing…

Bloomsbury group: …of them had been “Apostles”; i.e., members of the “society,” a select, semisecret university club for the discussion of serious questions, founded at Cambridge in the late 1820s by J.F.D. Maurice and John Sterling. Tennyson, Arthur Hallam, Edward Fitzgerald, and Leslie Stephen had all been Apostles. In the early…

Western architecture: Second period, after 313 ce: At Jarash in Jordan the church of the Apostles and Martyrs (465) is a cross inscribed in a square, heralding a typically Byzantine plan of later centuries. Also at Jarash, the triple church dedicated to Saints Cosmas and Damian, to St. John the Baptist, and to St. George consists of…

Apostles’ Creed, a statement of faith used in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and many Protestant churches. It is not officially recognized in the Eastern Orthodox churches. According to tradition, it was composed by the 12 Apostles, but it actually developed from early interrogations of catechumens

Ernest Renan: Religious controversies: …he published Les Apôtres (1866; The Apostles) and Saint Paul (1869), to follow the Vie de Jésus as parts of a series, Histoire des origines du christianisme (The History of the Origins of Christianity). Both these volumes, containing brilliant descriptions of how Christianity spread among the rootless proletariat of the…

Sir Edward Elgar: …but he completed only two: The Apostles (1903) and The Kingdom (1906). In these less successful works, representative themes are interwoven in the manner of the leitmotivs of Wagner. Other vocal works include the choral cantata, Caractacus (1898), and the song cycle for contralto, Sea Pictures (1900).

Latin American literature: Plays: El apostolado en las Indias y martirio de un cacique (“The Apostolate in the Indies and Martyrdom of a Chief”), first performed in 1732, presents a somewhat sanitized account of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire. While the plot and diction owe much to…

El Greco: Later life and works of El Greco: Two major series (Apostolados) survive representing Christ and the Twelve Apostles in 13 canvases: one in the sacristy of Toledo Cathedral (1605–10) and another, unfinished set (1612–14) in the El Greco House and Museum at Toledo. The frontal pose of the Christ blessing in this series suggests a…

Giuseppe Mazzini: Stay in England.: …in London and a newspaper, Apostolato popolare (“Apostleship of the People”), in which he published part of his essay “On the Duties of Man.” In 1840, with the help of Giuseppe Lamberti in Paris, he revived Young Italy, primarily as a means of building up a national consciousness among Italians…

Apostolic, member of any of the various Christian sects that sought to reestablish the life and discipline of the primitive church by a literal observance of the precepts of continence and poverty. The earliest Apostolics (known also as Apotactici, meaning “abstinents”) appeared in Anatolia about

Apostolic: …religious sect known as the Apostolic Brethren was founded at Parma, Italy, by Gerard Segarelli, an uncultured workman, to restore what he considered the apostolic way of life. His emphasis on repentance and poverty reflected ideas propagated by Joachim of Fiore, a 12th-century mystic. In 1286 Pope Honorius IV ordered…

Apostolic Constitutions: …chapter 47 comprises the so-called Apostolic Canons, a collection of 85 canons derived in part from the preceding constitutions and in part from the canons of the councils of Antioch (341) and Laodicaea (c. 360). It includes a list of biblical books that omits the Revelation to John but places…

Alexander VI: …the papal court, reorganize the Apostolic Chancery, and repress simony and concubinage. Alexander had shown great forbearance in dealing with the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola, who usurped political control in Florence in 1494, condemned the evils of the papal court, and called for the pope’s deposition, and, even before the…

sacrament: Baptism: …Christian Spirit Baptism in the apostolic church. Under the influence of St. Paul, the Christian rite was given an interpretation in the terms of the mystery religions, and the catechumen (initiate instructed in the secrets of the faith) was identified with the death and Resurrection of Christ (Rom. 6:3–5; Gal.…

Apostolic Constitutions, largest collection of ecclesiastical law that has survived from early Christianity. The full title suggests that these regulations were drawn up by the Apostles and transmitted to the church by Clement of Rome. In modern times it is generally accepted that the constitutions

apostolic delegate, Vatican representative with no diplomatic status and hence no power to deal with civil governments. His relations are with the ecclesiastical hierarchy of a country that maintains no diplomatic relations with the Holy See. An apostolic delegate may not interfere with the

Pentecostalism: The origins of Pentecostalism: …began in 1906 at the Apostolic Faith Gospel Mission at 312 Azusa Street in Los Angeles. Its leader, William Seymour, a one-eyed Holiness church pastor and former member of the African Methodist Episcopal church, had been exposed to Parham’s teachings at a Bible school in Houston, Texas. Under Seymour’s guidance,…

Latter Rain revival, early name for the Pentecostal movement within U.S. Protestantism; it began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Tennessee and North Carolina and took its name from the “latter rain” referred to in Joel 2:23. The Bible passage states that the former (fall) rain and

Apostolic Father, any of the Greek Christian writers, several unknown, who were authors of early Christian works dating primarily from the late 1st and early 2nd centuries. Their works are the principal source for information about Christianity during the two or three generations following the

Jesus Only, movement of believers within Pentecostalism who hold that true baptism can only be “in the name of Jesus” rather than in the name of all three persons of the Trinity. Peter said to them, “Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ so that your sins may be

Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God, black Pentecostal church founded in 1919 as the Ethiopian Overcoming Holy Church of God by Bishop W.T. Phillips in Mobile, Ala. The name was changed in 1927. The founder left the Methodist Episcopal Church, which he served as a minister, after becoming

prophecy: Types of prophecy: Missionary (or apostolic) prophets are those who maintain that the religious truth revealed to them is unique to themselves alone. Such prophets acquire a following of disciples who accept that their teachings reveal the true religion. The result of that kind of prophetic action may…

vicar: Beginning in the 4th century, vicar of the apostolic see or vicar apostolic came to mean a residential bishop with certain rights of surveillance over neighbouring bishops. By the 13th century a vicar was an emissary sent from Rome to govern a diocese that was without a bishop or in…

apostolic succession, in Christianity, the teaching that bishops represent a direct, uninterrupted line of continuity from the first Apostles of Jesus Christ. According to this teaching, bishops possess certain special powers handed down to them from the Apostles; these consist primarily of the

church year: Lent: …these ceremonies is in the Apostolic Tradition (c. 200) of St. Hippolytus. At the conclusion all the faithful joined the catechumens (inquirers for instruction) in a strict fast on the Friday and Saturday before Easter. These were the days “when the Bridegroom was taken away” (compare Mark 2:20).

vicar: Beginning in the 4th century, vicar of the apostolic see or vicar apostolic came to mean a residential bishop with certain rights of surveillance over neighbouring bishops. By the 13th century a vicar was an emissary sent from Rome to govern a diocese that was without a bishop or in…

Apostles’ Creed, a statement of faith used in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and many Protestant churches. It is not officially recognized in the Eastern Orthodox churches. According to tradition, it was composed by the 12 Apostles, but it actually developed from early interrogations of catechumens

Apostolic, member of any of the various Christian sects that sought to reestablish the life and discipline of the primitive church by a literal observance of the precepts of continence and poverty. The earliest Apostolics (known also as Apotactici, meaning “abstinents”) appeared in Anatolia about

apostome, any protozoan of the small order Apostomatida (fewer than 50 species). Many are parasitic on marine crustaceans. The life cycle of apostomes is complex. Members of the genus Foettingeria, for example, multiply by fission, after which immature swimming forms called larvae, or tomites,

apostome, any protozoan of the small order Apostomatida (fewer than 50 species). Many are parasitic on marine crustaceans. The life cycle of apostomes is complex. Members of the genus Foettingeria, for example, multiply by fission, after which immature swimming forms called larvae, or tomites,

apostrophe, a rhetorical device by which a speaker turns from the audience as a whole to address a single person or thing. For example, in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Mark Antony addresses the corpse of Caesar in the speech that begins: Another example is in the first stanza of William

Apostolic, member of any of the various Christian sects that sought to reestablish the life and discipline of the primitive church by a literal observance of the precepts of continence and poverty. The earliest Apostolics (known also as Apotactici, meaning “abstinents”) appeared in Anatolia about

Ptolemy: Astronomer: …Influences”), later known as the Tetrabiblos for its four volumes. He believed that astrology is a legitimate, though inexact, science that describes the physical effects of the heavens on terrestrial life. Ptolemy accepted the basic validity of the traditional astrological doctrines, but he revised the details to reconcile the practice…

Guam: …Machanao, in the north, and Apotgan, on the west coast.