ataxia, inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements. In common usage, the term describes an unsteady gait. Most hereditary ataxias of neurological origin are caused by degeneration of the spinal cord and cerebellum; other parts of the nervous system are also frequently involved. The most

nervous system disease: Neurocutaneous syndromes: Ataxia-telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome) results in cerebellar incoordination and choreic movements, overgrowth of blood vessels on the conjunctiva (eye membranes), and disorders of the immune system.

cerebral palsy: Ataxic cerebral palsy is a rare form of the condition that is characterized by poor coordination, muscle weakness, an unsteady gait, and difficulty performing rapid or fine movements. If symptoms of two or more types are present, most often spastic and athetoid, an individual is…

ataxite, any iron meteorite containing more than 16 percent nickel. Ataxites, containing taenite as their main mineral, do not show the Widmanstätten pattern. The taenite in ataxites is mixed with some kamacite to form an intergrowth called plessite. Ataxites are a rare class; of the 49 iron

Austronesian languages: Speech levels and honorific registers: These innovations present in Atayal men’s speech may have originated as a form of speech disguise. In Tagalog and some other languages of the Philippines, as well as in Malay, forms of “backward speech” (which have as their primary purpose the concealment of messages) have been reported for adolescents.…

Formosan languages: …fall into three major branches: Atayalic, Tsonic, and Paiwanic. The last is the largest and includes Ami, Bunun, Paiwan, and Saaroa.

ʿAṭbarah, town, northeastern Sudan. It lies on the right (east) bank of the Nile River, at the mouth of the seasonal Atbara River. Because ʿAṭbarah lies at the junction of two major roads and railway lines to Khartoum, it has become an important commercial and agricultural centre. Sudan’s

Atbara River, river joining the Nile as its last tributary at the town of ʿAṭbarah, Sudan. The Atbara River rises in the Ethiopian highlands north of Lake Tana and flows westward into Sudan, turning north to receive the Angareb and Satīt (Tekezē) rivers before heading northwestward to the Nile. It

ʿAṭbarah, town, northeastern Sudan. It lies on the right (east) bank of the Nile River, at the mouth of the seasonal Atbara River. Because ʿAṭbarah lies at the junction of two major roads and railway lines to Khartoum, it has become an important commercial and agricultural centre. Sudan’s

Atbara River, river joining the Nile as its last tributary at the town of ʿAṭbarah, Sudan. The Atbara River rises in the Ethiopian highlands north of Lake Tana and flows westward into Sudan, turning north to receive the Angareb and Satīt (Tekezē) rivers before heading northwestward to the Nile. It

Atbasar, city, north-central Kazakhstan, on the Zhabay River. Founded as a Cossack settlement in 1846, it became known for its annual fair. Atbasar is now a railway junction and a centre for processing local grain and livestock. Pop. (2006 est.)

Itbāy, mountainous region of southeastern Egypt and the northeastern part of Sudan, paralleling the Red Sea. It lies largely south of Egypt’s administrative boundary with Sudan and separates the coastal lowland of the Red Sea from the Nile River valley. The north-south–trending mountain chains in

Idfū, town on the west bank of the Nile River in Aswān muḥāfaẓah (governorate), Upper Egypt. The chief god of the city of ancient times was Horus of the Winged Disk, called the Behdetite. His consort was Hathor of Dandarah, whose statue during the late empire was brought to Idfū annually by boat on

history of flight: Wartime legacies: Army Air Force Air Transport Command (ATC) constituted a major step forward. The ATC became legendary during its transport services across the towering Himalayan mountain ranges (pilots called these challenging missions “flying the hump”), carrying crucial supplies to Chinese and Allied forces in the China-Burma-India theatre. More important,…

air-traffic control, the supervision of the movements of all aircraft, both in the air and on the ground, in the vicinity of an airport. See traffic

Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), U.S. law, originally a provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789, that grants to U.S. federal courts original jurisdiction over any civil action brought by an alien (a foreign national) for a tort in violation of international law or a U.S. treaty. (A tort is any wrongful

Atchafalaya Bay, arm of the Gulf of Mexico, extending southeastward along the southern coast of Louisiana, U.S., for 21 miles (34 km) from Point Chevreuil to Point Au Fer on Point Au Fer Island. The bay is 10 miles (16 km) wide, and Four League Bay extends another 11 miles (18 km) to the southeast.

Atchafalaya River, distributary of the Red and Mississippi rivers in Louisiana, U.S. It branches southwest from the Red River near a point in east-central Louisiana where the Old River (about 7 miles [11 km] long) links the Red River with the Mississippi, and it flows generally south for about 140

Alalakh, ancient Syrian city in the Orontes (Asi) valley, southern Turkey. Excavations (1936–49) by Sir Leonard Woolley uncovered numerous impressive buildings, including a massive structure known as the palace of Yarim-Lim, dating from c. 1780 bce, when Alalakh was the chief city of the district

wendigo, a mythological cannibalistic monster in the spiritual tradition of North American Algonquian-speaking tribes. It is associated with winter and described as either a fearsome beast that stalks and eats humans or as a spirit that possesses humans, causing them to turn into cannibals. There

Atchison, city, seat (1855) of Atchison county, northeastern Kansas, U.S., on the Missouri River. A French trading post at the site of the present city was the embarkation point, in 1804, for the Lewis and Clark expedition. Founded in 1854 by a group of proslavery settlers, it was named for their

Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, former railway that was one of the largest in the United States. Chartered in Kansas as the Atchison and Topeka Railroad Company in 1859, it later exercised great influence on the settlement of the southwestern United States. It was renamed the

radar: Airport surveillance radar: …lightweight planar-array antenna for the air-traffic-control radar-beacon system (ATCRBS). Its dimensions are 26 feet (8 metres) by 5.2 feet (1.6 metres). ATCRBS is the primary means for detecting and identifying aircraft equipped with a transponder that can reply to the ATCRBS interrogation. The ATCRBS transmitter, which is independent of the…

railroad: Interlocking and routing: …the 1980s to develop an Advanced Train Control Systems (ATCS) project, which integrated the potential of the latest microelectronics and communications technologies. In fully realized ATCS, trains continuously and automatically radio to the dispatching centre their exact location and speed; both would be determined by a locomotive-mounted scanner as well…

Cambrian Period: Correlation of Cambrian strata: …all but rocks below the Atdabanian Stage or those of equivalent age. Until the mid-1900s, almost all trilobite zones were based on members of the order Polymerida. Such trilobites usually have more than five segments in the thorax, and the order includes about 95 percent of all trilobite species. Most…

Ate, Greek mythological figure who induced rash and ruinous actions by both gods and men. She made Zeus—on the day he expected the Greek hero Heracles, his son by Alcmene, to be born—take an oath: the child born of his lineage that day would rule “over all those dwelling about him” (Iliad, Book

Scythian: In 339 the ruler Ateas was killed at age 90 while fighting Philip II of Macedonia. The community was eventually destroyed in the 2nd century bce, Palakus being the last sovereign whose name is preserved in history.

United States Army: Administrative structure: The United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) is a DRU responsible for testing and evaluation of military systems. The United States Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC) is a DRU that oversees the conceptualization, development, and acquisition of military systems. The United States Army Installation…

Saif al-Adel: …reporting to the group’s commander, Muhammad Atef. It is believed that after Atef’s death in 2001, al-Adel succeeded him as head of al-Qaeda’s military planning. In late 2001 al-Adel fled Afghanistan for Iran, where he was detained by Iranian authorities. He spent most of the next decade under house arrest…

seed: Self-dispersal: Atelechory, the dispersal over a very limited distance only, represents a waste-avoiding defensive “strategy” that functions in further exploitation of an already occupied favourable site. This strategy is typical in old, nutrient-impoverished landscapes, such as those of southwestern Australia. The aim is often achieved by…

atelectasis, derived from the Greek words atelēs and ektasis, literally meaning “incomplete expansion” in reference to the lungs. The term atelectasis can also be used to describe the collapse of a previously inflated lung, either partially or fully, because of specific respiratory disorders. There

fish: Annotated classification: Order Ateleopodiformes (highfin tadpole fish) Snout bulbous, caudal fin reduced; all genera except Guentherus have a caudal fin united with a long anal fin; pelvic fin of adults with 1 ray on throat; skeleton largely cartilaginous. 1 family, Ateleopodidae, jellynose fishes. 4 genera with about 12…

hedgehog: …(genus Erinaceus), there are four African hedgehogs (genus Atelerix), six desert hedgehogs (genus Hemiechinus), and two steppe hedgehogs (genus Mesechinus). European hedgehogs are kept as pets, as is the African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).

spider monkey, (genus Ateles), large, extremely agile monkey that lives in forests from southern Mexico through Central and South America to Brazil. In spite of its thumbless hands, this lanky potbellied primate can move swiftly through the trees, using its long tail as a fifth limb. The seven

spider monkey: …endangered, and two of these—the brown-headed spider monkey (A. fusciceps), which is found from eastern Panama through northwestern Ecuador, and the variegated, or brown, spider monkey (A. hybridus), which inhabits northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela—are listed as critically endangered. Spider monkeys are widely hunted for food by local people. Consequently,…

spider monkey: …through northwestern Ecuador, and the variegated, or brown, spider monkey (A. hybridus), which inhabits northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela—are listed as critically endangered. Spider monkeys are widely hunted for food by local people. Consequently, some of their population decline has been attributed to hunting pressure. However, habitat loss resulting from…

howler monkey: …of several within the family Atelidae, which also includes woolly monkeys, spider monkeys, and woolly spider monkeys. All are found only in the Western Hemisphere.

printmaking: France: In the 1930s his Atelier 17 printmaking group was the centre of experimental intaglio work in Paris. In the 1940s he went to the United States and, through his teaching in New York, exercised a powerful influence on contemporary American printmaking. Other artists who did noteworthy graphic work in…

printmaking: France: In the 1930s his Atelier 17 printmaking group was the centre of experimental intaglio work in Paris. In the 1940s he went to the United States and, through his teaching in New York, exercised a powerful influence on contemporary American printmaking. Other artists who did noteworthy graphic work in…

Gustave Courbet: Leader of the new school of Realism: …he completed in six weeks: The Painter’s Studio, an allegory of all the influences on Courbet’s artistic life, which are portrayed as human figures from all levels of society. Courbet himself presides over all the figures with ingenuous conceit, working on a landscape and turning his back to a nude…

The Painter’s Studio, oil painting created in 1854–55 by French artist Gustave Courbet. The most mysterious of his paintings, this relatively early work initially garnered the praise of Eugène Delacroix alone. When this painting was rejected for the Universal Exposition, Courbet opened his own

France: The Second Republic, 1848–52: …an emergency-relief agency called the ateliers nationaux (national workshops) was established. A kind of economic and social council called the Luxembourg Commission was created to study programs of social reform; Blanc was named its president. The principle of universal manhood suffrage was proclaimed—a return to the precedent of 1792 that…

The Red Studio, oil painting created in 1911 by French artist Henri Matisse. It is a challenging painting that has confounded critics and viewers and is regarded as a foundational piece of modern art. Matisse is known as the great colourist of the 20th century, and The Red Studio is one of the best

fabula Atellana, (Latin: “Atellan play”), the earliest native Italian farce, presumably rustic improvisational comedy featuring masked stock characters. The farces derived their name from the town of Atella in the Campania region of southern Italy and seem to have originated among Italians speaking

canine: Paleontology and classification: Genus Atelocynus (small-eared zorro) 1 species of South America. Genus Cerdocyon (crab-eating fox) 1 species of South America. Genus Chrysocyon (maned wolf)

canine: Paleontology and classification: Atelocynus (small-eared zorro) 1 species of South America. Genus Cerdocyon (crab-eating fox) 1 species of South America. Genus Chrysocyon (maned wolf) 1 species of South America.

toad: …which are also known as variegated toads (Atelopus), are found in South and Central America. They are commonly triangular-headed and have enlarged hind feet. Some are brightly coloured in black with yellow, red, or green. When molested, the small poisonous Melanophryniscus stelzneri of Uruguay bends its head and limbs over…

Panamanian golden toad, (Atelopus zeteki), small, bright yellow toad, often with a few black spots or blotches, that is found at moderate elevations in the central part of Panama. Considered to be one of the most beautiful frogs in Panama, where it is endangered and legally protected, the golden

Magnoliales: Fruit: …Annona squamosa × cherimola (atemoya) apparently originated in Central America and the Antilles; the fruit contains some of the best features of both parents. Extracts of the root and leaves have a laxative effect, and poultices of the leaves are used to dress infected wounds. Annona glabra (alligator, or…

Aton, in ancient Egyptian religion, a sun god, depicted as the solar disk emitting rays terminating in human hands, whose worship briefly was the state religion. The pharaoh Akhenaton (reigned 1353–36 bce) returned to supremacy of the sun god, with the startling innovation that the Aton was to be

asteroid: Near-Earth asteroids: …of Earth-crossing asteroids is named Atens for (2062) Aten, which was discovered in 1976. The Aten asteroids have mean distances from the Sun that are less than 1 AU and aphelion distances that are greater than or equal to 0.983 AU, the perihelion distance of Earth; they cross Earth’s orbit…

asteroid: Near-Earth asteroids: …of Earth-crossing asteroids is named Atens for (2062) Aten, which was discovered in 1976. The Aten asteroids have mean distances from the Sun that are less than 1 AU and aphelion distances that are greater than or equal to 0.983 AU, the perihelion distance of Earth; they cross Earth’s orbit…

James Turrell: That year he also designed Aten Reign for the Guggenheim Museum in New York City. The work was a site-specific “skyspace” lit with hidden LED fixtures that flooded the interior rotunda with changing atmospheric colour. In seeking to test and transform the experience of seeing, Turrell used light as his…

Spain: Literature: …and early 21st centuries included María Victoria Atencia, known for her poetry inspired by domestic situations, for her cultivation of the themes of art, music, and painting, and for her later existentialist contemplations; Pureza Canelo, known especially for her ecological poetry and feminist volumes; Juana Castro; Clara Janés; and Ana…

Quezon City: …the Philippines (1908) and the Ateneo de Manila University (a Jesuit institution dating from 1859) are in the city. Other points of interest include Father Aguilar’s Zoo, the National Park and Wildlife Grounds, and the Quezon Memorial Hall. Inc. city, 1939. Pop. (2010) 2,761,720; (2020) 2,960,048.

Atyrau, city, western Kazakhstan. It is a port on the Ural (Zhayyq) River near its mouth on the Caspian Sea. Founded as a fishing settlement in the mid-17th century by the fishing entrepreneur Mikhail Guryev, it soon became a fort on the Ural fortified line manned by the Ural Cossacks. Fishing and

Aterian industry, stone tool tradition of the Middle and Late Paleolithic, found widespread in the late Pleistocene throughout northern Africa. The Aterian people were among the first to use the bow and arrow. Aterian stone tools are an advanced African form of the European Levalloisian tradition,

Pescara, city, Abruzzi regione, central Italy. Pescara lies along the Adriatic Sea at the mouth of the Pescara River, east-northeast of Rome. The Roman Aternum, the city was almost destroyed in the barbarian invasions and arose again in the early European Middle Ages as Piscaria (i.e., abounding

Baghlān: …km) southwest of Baghlān is Āteshkadeh-ye Sorkh Kowtal, site of the ruins of a Zoroastrian fire temple, believed to have been built in the 1st century ad by the Kushān emperor Kaniṣka I. The population of Baghlān is predominantly Tadzhik. Pop. (2006 est.) 56,200.

Teso, people of central Uganda and Kenya who speak Teso (Ateso), an Eastern Sudanic (Nilotic) language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. The Teso are counted among the most progressive farmers of Uganda; they quickly took to ox plows when they began cultivating cotton in the early 1900s. Millet

Ateste, an ancient town of northern Italy, and the predecessor of the modern-day town of Este. In antiquity Ateste occupied a commanding position beside the Adige River (which later changed course) and was for a time the capital of the Veneti people. After a period of complete abandonment, it was

Halide Edib Adıvar: …famous novel, Ateşten gömlek (1922; The Daughter of Smyrna), is the story of a young woman who works for the liberation of her country and of the two men who love her. From 1925 to 1938 Halide Edib traveled extensively, lecturing in Paris, London, the United States, and India. On…

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), agency within the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for enforcing federal laws relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives. The ATF headquarters are in Washington, D.C. The bureau’s agents are dispersed

India: The early years: Second, he appointed Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Atgah Khan as prime minister (November 1561). Third, at about the same time, he took possession of Chunar, which had always defied Humāyūn.

Eugène Atget was a French commercial photographer who specialized in photographing the architecture and associated arts of Paris and its environs at the turn of the 20th century. Very few biographical facts are known about Atget. The Atget family (originally Atger) were saddlers and carriage-makers

Eugène Atget was a French commercial photographer who specialized in photographing the architecture and associated arts of Paris and its environs at the turn of the 20th century. Very few biographical facts are known about Atget. The Atget family (originally Atger) were saddlers and carriage-makers

antitank guided missile, medium or long-range missile whose primary purpose is to destroy tanks and other armoured vehicles. A variety of rockets and missiles are employed against armoured vehicles, but the most sophisticated are antitank guided missiles (ATGM), which can be directed to a target by

Columbia Icefield: General description: …skyline at the head of Athabasca Glacier, with parts visible as ice cliffs on Snow Dome, Mount Kitchener, and Mount Stutfield. The Athabasca and Saskatchewan glaciers are the two main outlet ice tongues on the north and east.

Athabasca River, river in northern Alberta, Canada, forming the southernmost part of the Mackenzie River system. From its source in the Columbia Icefield (Canadian Rocky Mountains) near the Continental Divide, the river flows through Jasper National Park, site of the spectacular Athabasca Falls,

Lake Athabasca, lake in Canada, astride the Alberta–Saskatchewan border, just south of the Northwest Territories. The lake, 208 mi (335 km) long by 32 mi wide, has an area of 3,064 sq mi (7,936 sq km) and a maximum depth of 407 ft (124 m). Fed from the southwest by the Peace and Athabasca rivers

Columbia Icefield: …metres]) on the west and Mount Athabasca (11,452 feet [3,491 metres]) on the east.

Athabaskan language family, one of the largest North American Indian language families, consisting of about 38 languages. Speakers of Athabaskan languages often use the same term for a language and its associated ethnic group (similar to the use of ‘English’ for both a language and a people),

District of Athabaska, part of the original Northwest Territories in Canada. The district was created in 1882 and enlarged by an eastward extension in 1895. It was abolished in 1905. Its area comprised the northern parts of present Alberta and Saskatchewan and a small portion of northwestern

Athabaskan language family, one of the largest North American Indian language families, consisting of about 38 languages. Speakers of Athabaskan languages often use the same term for a language and its associated ethnic group (similar to the use of ‘English’ for both a language and a people),

Athabaskan language family, one of the largest North American Indian language families, consisting of about 38 languages. Speakers of Athabaskan languages often use the same term for a language and its associated ethnic group (similar to the use of ‘English’ for both a language and a people),

Amalasuntha: …was left with a son, Athalaric, and a daughter. At Theodoric’s death, in 526, Athalaric was 10 years old, and the highly educated Amalasuntha assumed the regency. Her pro-Byzantine policy, her patronage of literature and the arts, and her desire to educate her son in the Roman style were vigorously…

Athaliah, in the Old Testament, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel and wife of Jeham, king of Judah. After the death of Ahaziah, her son, Athaliah usurped the throne and reigned for seven years. She massacred all the members of the royal house of Judah (II Kings 11:1–3), except Joash. A successful

Athaliah, in the Old Testament, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel and wife of Jeham, king of Judah. After the death of Ahaziah, her son, Athaliah usurped the throne and reigned for seven years. She massacred all the members of the royal house of Judah (II Kings 11:1–3), except Joash. A successful

Jean Racine: Life: …performed and published 1689) and Athalie—for the girls at the school she cofounded in Saint-Cyr. His other undertakings during his last years were to reedit, in 1687 and finally in 1697, the edition of his complete works that he had first published in 1676 and to compose, likely as his…

Athamas, in Greek mythology, king of the prehistoric Minyans in the ancient Boeotian city of Orchomenus. His first wife was Nephele, a cloud goddess. But later Athamas became enamoured of Ino, the daughter of Cadmus, and neglected Nephele, who disappeared in anger. Athamas and Ino incurred the

Athanaric was a Visigothic chieftain from 364 to 376 who fiercely persecuted the Christians in Dacia (approximately modern Romania). The persecutions occurred between 369 and 372; his most important victim was St. Sabas the Goth. In 376 Athanaric was defeated by the Huns. He fled with a few

Athanasian Creed, a Christian profession of faith in about 40 verses. It is regarded as authoritative in the Roman Catholic and some Protestant churches. It has two sections, one dealing with the Trinity and the other with the Incarnation; and it begins and ends with stern warnings that unswerving

Athanasius I was a Byzantine monk and patriarch of Constantinople, who directed the opposition to the reunion of Greek and Latin churches decreed by the Second Council of Lyon in 1274. His efforts in reforming the Greek Orthodox Church encountered opposition from clergy and hierarchy. A monk who

Saint Athanasius the Athonite ; feast day May 2) was a Byzantine monk who founded communal monasticism in the hallowed region of Mt. Athos, a traditional habitat for contemplative monks and hermits. Originally named Abraham, he took the monastic name of Athanasius when he retired to Mt. Athos after

Saint Athanasius the Athonite ; feast day May 2) was a Byzantine monk who founded communal monasticism in the hallowed region of Mt. Athos, a traditional habitat for contemplative monks and hermits. Originally named Abraham, he took the monastic name of Athanasius when he retired to Mt. Athos after

St. Athanasius ; feast day May 2) was a theologian, ecclesiastical statesman, and Egyptian national leader. He was the chief defender of Christian orthodoxy in the 4th-century battle against Arianism, the heresy that the Son of God was a creature of like, but not of the same, substance as God the

Athabaskan language family, one of the largest North American Indian language families, consisting of about 38 languages. Speakers of Athabaskan languages often use the same term for a language and its associated ethnic group (similar to the use of ‘English’ for both a language and a people),

Athabaskan language family, one of the largest North American Indian language families, consisting of about 38 languages. Speakers of Athabaskan languages often use the same term for a language and its associated ethnic group (similar to the use of ‘English’ for both a language and a people),

28 Notable Women Cricketers: Chamari Athapaththu: Chamari Athapaththu is the greatest cricketer from Sri Lanka to have played women’s cricket. Debuting as a 19-year-old, she was soon noted for her aggressive batting. She became captain of the Sri Lanka national team and has helped a not-so-strong team challenge much…

Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan: …brought out a noteworthy book, Āthār aṣṣanādīd (“Monuments of the Great”), on the antiquities of Delhi. Even more important was his pamphlet, “The Causes of the Indian Revolt.” During the Indian Mutiny of 1857 he had taken the side of the British, but in this booklet he ably and fearlessly…

Pusur River, distributary of the Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River), southwestern Bangladesh. It leaves the Madhumati River (there called the Baleswar) northeast of Khulna city and flows some 110 miles (177 km) southward past the port at Mongla and through the swampy Sundarbans region to the Bay of

Atharvaveda, collection of hymns and incantations that forms part of the ancient sacred literature of India known as the Vedas. See

Ataulphus was a chieftain of the Visigoths from 410 to 415 and the successor of his brother-in-law Alaric. In 412 Ataulphus led the Visigoths, who had recently sacked Rome (410), from Italy to settle in southern Gaul. Two years later he married the Roman princess Galla Placidia (sister of the

Alceu Amoroso Lima was an essayist, philosopher, and literary critic, a leading champion of the cause of intellectual freedom in Brazil. He was also an enthusiastic supporter of Modernismo, a Brazilian cultural movement of the 1920s, and, after his conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1928, a leader

atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings. As such, it is usually distinguished from theism, which affirms the reality of the divine and often seeks to demonstrate its existence. Atheism is also distinguished from agnosticism, which leaves open

Cyril Tourneur: The Atheist’s Tragedie: Or The Honest Man’s Revenge was published in 1611. The Revenger’s Tragedie, which is sometimes attributed to Tourneur, had appeared anonymously in 1607. In 1656 the bookseller Edward Archer entered it as by Tourneur on his list, but most recent scholarship attributes…

Cyril Tourneur: The Atheist’s Tragedie: Or The Honest Man’s Revenge was published in 1611. The Revenger’s Tragedie, which is sometimes attributed to Tourneur, had appeared anonymously in 1607. In 1656 the bookseller Edward Archer entered it as by Tourneur on his list, but most recent scholarship attributes…

existentialism: Ontic structure of human existence: …Sartre, in Camus, and in atheistic existentialism; or it can lead toward the quest for a more direct relationship of existence with Being, beyond the constitutive possibilities of existence, so that Being reveals itself, at least partly, in existence—through language or through faith or through some mystical form of religiousness,…

Antony Flew: …Philosophy (1966; reissued 2005) and Atheistic Humanism (1993) provided articulate expositions of atheistic principles that won a wide popular as well as academic following. Flew’s writings influenced later atheists, such as Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris, who wrote for popular as well as academic audiences. Flew nevertheless maintained an intellectual…

tamarisk: The Athel tree (T. aphylla), which sometimes grows to about 18 metres (60 feet), has jointed twigs and minute ensheathing leaves and is used as a windbreak in desert areas. T. ramosissima (or T. pentandra) and T. chinensis, with denser flower clusters, are frequently cultivated as…