William Harnett: …he painted his best-known work, After the Hunt (1885). He returned to the United States in 1886 and, except for another European trip in 1889, lived in New York City until his death. Among his favourite subjects were firearms (The Faithful Colt, 1890), books (Job Lot, Cheap, 1878), and musical…

James Joyce: Early life: “After the Race”—had appeared under the pseudonym Stephen Daedalus before Russell decided that Joyce’s work was not suitable for his readers.

Wendy Whelan: …in whose Polyphonia (2001) and After the Rain (2005) she gave riveting performances. She also debuted leading roles in works commissioned for NYCB, notably William Forsythe’s Herman Schmerman (1992), Ulysses Dove’s Red Angels (1994), and Alexei Ratmansky’s Concerto DSCH (2008).

Salma Hayek: …with Banderas and Johnny Depp; After the Sunset (2004); Ask the Dust (2006), based on the novel by John Fante; Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008) alongside Javier Bardem and Scarlett Johansson; and Cirque du Freak: The Vampire’s Assistant (2009).

Renata Adler: …in the Mineshaft (2001), and After the Tall Timber (2015).

After the Thin Man, American detective film, released in 1936, that was the second and perhaps most successful sequel in the Thin Man series. The films follow the adventures of retired detective Nick Charles and his wife, Nora. Nick (played by William Powell) and Nora (Myrna Loy) return to their

Julianne Moore: Movies of the early 21st century: …sum to an orphanage in After the Wedding (2019). In the biopic The Glorias (2020), she played feminist icon Gloria Steinem.

Alasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and later works: In the two decades following “Notes from the Moral Wilderness,” MacIntyre’s work consisted, in his words, in “heterogeneous, badly organized, sometimes fragmented and often frustrating and messy inquiries” in ethics, political philosophy, and social theory. But from this work emerged…

Ludwig Renn: His Nachkrieg (1930; After War), a novel about the postwar Weimar Republic, mirrors Renn’s political beliefs. For his teaching at the Marxist school, he suffered two months’ detention. He was arrested by the Nazis on the night of the Reichstag fire, which was blamed on the communists, and…

Colin Farrell: Career: Beguiled (2017), Widows (2018), and After Yang (2021). He worked with McDonagh again on the ultraviolent crime film Seven Psychopaths (2012) and starred in two films by director Yorgos Lanthimos, The Lobster (2015) and The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2017).

mammal: Implantation, gestation, and birth: …the fetal membranes as “afterbirth” (a condition called deciduate) or may be resorbed by the female (nondeciduate). Placentas have been classified on the basis of the relationship between maternal and embryonic tissues. In the simplest nondeciduate placental arrangement, the chorionic villi are in contact with uterine epithelium (the inner…

nervous system: Encephalization: …with the cerebellum, constitutes the metencephalon. The caudal part of the hindbrain remains as the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon).

afterburner, second combustion chamber in a turbojet (q.v.) or turbofan engine, immediately in front of the engine’s exhaust nozzle. The injection and combustion of extra fuel in this chamber provide additional thrust for takeoff or supersonic flight. In most cases the afterburner can nearly double

ZZ Top: Afterburner (1985) yielded the additional hits “Rough Boy” and “Sleeping Bag.”

castle: The forecastle and aftercastle (or sterncastle) are at the bow and stern of the vessel. A top castle was perched on masts of some ships about the 13th century. The first known castles are shown amidships or astern on Roman ships, to afford vantage points in sea skirmishes.…

diesel engine: Diesel combustion: Addition of a turbocharger and aftercooler can enhance the performance of a diesel engine in terms of both power and efficiency.

mine gas: Afterdamp is the mixture of gases found in a mine after an explosion or fire.

movement perception: Movement aftereffect: When a parade is interrupted after some minutes, the pavement may seem to move in the opposite direction to the marchers who have passed. Phenomena similar to this movement aftereffect occur in other senses. For instance, after disembarking, a sailor feels the land to…

bird: Feathers: …with a complex branch, the aftershaft, or afterfeather, that arises at the base of the vane. The aftershaft has the appearance of a second, smaller feather, growing from the base of the first. Down feathers have loose-webbed barbs, all rising from the tip of a very short shaft. Their function…

Julie Christie: The 1990s and beyond: …world-weary retired screen actress in Afterglow (1997).

afterimage, visual illusion in which retinal impressions persist after the removal of a stimulus, believed to be caused by the continued activation of the visual system. The afterimage may be positive, corresponding in colour or brightness to the original image, or negative, being less bright or of

Michael Frayn: (1998), Democracy (2003), and Afterlife (2008).

Julia Alvarez: …Saving the World (2006), and Afterlife (2020). Alvarez has also written poetry, including that collected in The Other Side (1995) and The Woman I Kept to Myself (2004). Her nonfiction books include Something to Declare: Essays (1998), Once upon a Quinceañera: Coming of Age in the USA (2007), and A…

afterlife, continued existence in some form after physiological death. The belief that some aspect of an individual survives after death—usually, the individual’s soul—is common to the great majority of the world’s religions. Of those religions that include belief in an afterlife, almost all

Abdulrazak Gurnah: Novels: In Afterlives (2020) Gurnah examines the brutality of the German colonial presence in East Africa in the early 20th century and the impact that it has on the lives of Tanganyikans, particularly the characters Ilyas, Hamza, and Afiya.

the Rolling Stones: Formation and early music: …dominates their first all-original album, Aftermath (1966), which features him on marimba, dulcimer, sitar, and assorted keyboards as well as on his customary guitar and harmonica. Thereafter, however, he declined in both creativity and influence, becoming a depressive, drug-sodden liability who was eventually fired by the band mere weeks before…

Anthony Powell: …which published his first novel, Afternoon Men (1931). The book was followed by four more novels on prewar society, including Venusburg (1932) and From a View to a Death (1933).

dance: Music: …in L’Après-midi d’un faune (1912; “Afternoon of a Faun”), used Claude Debussy’s music purely for atmosphere, permitting it to set the mood rather than influence the organization of movements.

Tiffany Haddish: …in the Apple TV+ series The Afterparty (2022– ), about a murder that occurs during a high-school reunion.

afterpiece, supplementary entertainment presented after full-length plays in 18th-century England. Afterpieces usually took the form of a short comedy, farce, or pantomime, and were intended to lighten the solemnity of Neoclassical drama and make the bill more attractive to audiences. Long theatre

afterripening, complex enzymatic and biochemical process that certain plant embryos must undergo before they will germinate. It results at least in part from rapid and extensive water loss because of the conversion of soluble nutrients to their stored forms. This interruption of growth, or the lack

bird: Feathers: …with a complex branch, the aftershaft, or afterfeather, that arises at the base of the vane. The aftershaft has the appearance of a second, smaller feather, growing from the base of the first. Down feathers have loose-webbed barbs, all rising from the tip of a very short shaft. Their function…

aftershock, any of several lower-magnitude earthquakes that follow the main shock of a larger earthquake. An aftershock results from the sudden change in stress occurring within and between rocks and the previous release of stress brought on by the principal earthquake. Aftershocks occur in rocks

A.N. Wilson: …Winnie and Wolf (2007); and Aftershocks (2018).

Paul Mescal: Stardom: Normal People and Aftersun: …2022 Cannes film festival—as did Aftersun, in which Mescal played a father who takes his 11-year-old daughter (Frankie Corio) on a holiday trip to Turkey. The New York Times critic A.O. Scott praised the performances of Mescal and Corio, writing that “they are so natural, so light and grave and…

Sweden: The conservative era (1815–40): …the establishing of a newspaper, Aftonbladet, which, with Lars Johan Hierta as editor, became the leading journal of the liberal opposition. Simultaneously, the king’s one-man rule, which was exercised through his powerful favourite Magnus Brahe, became even more emphatic. The struggle against the growing liberal opposition, which reached its climax…

Aftonian Interglacial Stage, major division of Pleistocene deposits and time (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) in North America. The Aftonian Interglacial, a time of relatively moderate climatic conditions, followed the Nebraskan Glacial Stage and preceded the Kansan Glacial Stage, both times of

foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease affecting practically all cloven-footed domesticated mammals, including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Wild herbivores such as bison, deer, antelopes, reindeer, and giraffes are also susceptible. The horse is resistant to the

History of film: Australia: …a national film school (the Australian Film and Television School, later the Australian Film Television and Radio School, or AFTRS) to train directors and other creative personnel, and initiated a system of lucrative tax incentives to attract foreign investment capital to the new industry. The result was a creative explosion…

ʿAfula, largest city of the Plain of Esdraelon, or Valley of Jezreel (Hebrew: ʿEmeq Yizreʿel), northern Israel. Named for the Arab village of Al-ʿAffūla formerly at that site, it is sometimes called ʿIr Yizreʿel (“City of Jezreel”). It was founded in 1925 on lands acquired by the American Zion

Haruki Murakami: Works: …Shore) and Afutā dāku (2004; After Dark). 1Q84 (2009), its title a reference to George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), shifts between two characters as they navigate an alternate reality of their own making; the book’s dystopian themes range from the September 11 attacks to vigilante justice. Shikisai o motanai Tazaki

Isaias Afwerki is an Eritrean independence leader and has been the president of Eritrea since 1993. When Isaias was born in 1946 in Asmara, the city was under the United Nations-mandated control of the United Kingdom. Eritrea itself was federated to Ethiopia in 1952 and was forcibly annexed 10

Afyonkarahisar, city, western Turkey. It lies along the Akar River at an elevation of 3,392 feet (1,034 metres). In ancient times the town was known as Acroënus. It fell to the Seljuq Turks in the 13th century and was renamed Karahisar (“Black Fortress”) for the ancient fortress situated atop a

Afyonkarahisar, city, western Turkey. It lies along the Akar River at an elevation of 3,392 feet (1,034 metres). In ancient times the town was known as Acroënus. It fell to the Seljuq Turks in the 13th century and was renamed Karahisar (“Black Fortress”) for the ancient fortress situated atop a

Afyonkarahisar, city, western Turkey. It lies along the Akar River at an elevation of 3,392 feet (1,034 metres). In ancient times the town was known as Acroënus. It fell to the Seljuq Turks in the 13th century and was renamed Karahisar (“Black Fortress”) for the ancient fortress situated atop a

Khāqānī was a Persian poet, whose importance rests mainly on his brilliant court poems, satires, and epigrams. His father was a carpenter and a Muslim and his mother was of Nestorian Christian origin. Brought up in poverty, he was fortunate to be educated by his learned uncle. As a young man he

Shivaji: Challenging the Mughals: …an army of 20,000 under Afzal Khan to defeat him, Shivaji, pretending to be intimidated, enticed the force deep into difficult mountain terrain and then killed Afzal Khan at a meeting to which he had lured him by submissive appeals. Meanwhile, handpicked troops that had been previously positioned swooped down…

Netherlands: The Union of Utrecht: …followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration (Akte van Afzwering), by which the States General declared that Philip had forfeited his sovereignty over the provinces by his persistent tyranny. This was a declaration of independence for the whole of the Low Countries, but the military and political events of…

silver (Ag), chemical element, a white lustrous metal valued for its decorative beauty and electrical conductivity. Silver is located in Group 11 (Ib) and Period 5 of the periodic table, between copper (Period 4) and gold (Period 6), and its physical and chemical properties are intermediate between

Samuel Ladoke Akintola: …a legal adviser to the Action Group, the dominant Western Region party, and by 1954 was deputy leader under Obafemi Awolowo. He was simultaneously active in the federal government; he became minister of labour in 1952 and later held the portfolios of health, communications, and aviation.

Tinariwen: …however, was the Tuareg musician Ibrahim Ag Alhabib (b. c. 1960, near Tessalit, Mali). Ag Alhabib was born in the mountainous region of northeastern Mali about the time of the country’s independence and lived through the 1962–64 rebellion of the Tuareg people against a central government from which they felt…

AG catalog, compilation of the positions of all stars brighter than the ninth magnitude, compiled by the Astronomische Gesellschaft of Germany. Friedrich W.A. Argelander, founder of the society, proposed the star catalog in 1867, after completing the Bonner Durchmusterung (“Bonn Survey”). The

aga, in Turkey, person of high rank or social position, especially during the era of the Ottoman Empire. Combined with the names of military units or administrative departments, it formed the official titles borne by the chief officers of the Janissaries and of the cavalry, by the principal members

Agin Buryat, former autonomous okrug (district), southeastern Russia; in 2008 it merged with Chita oblast (region) to form Zabaykalye kray (territory). The Agin Buryat area is situated along the left bank of the lower Onon River, a headstream of the Amur. The district was formed in 1937 for an

aga, in Turkey, person of high rank or social position, especially during the era of the Ottoman Empire. Combined with the names of military units or administrative departments, it formed the official titles borne by the chief officers of the Janissaries and of the cavalry, by the principal members

Aga Khan, title of the imam of the Nizārī Ismāʿilīs, a community of millions of people within Shiʿi Islam. While the current imam of the community is the 50th in the hereditary lineage, the title “Aga Khan” has been held by the Nizārī Ismāʿilīs’ spiritual leaders since the early 19th century. The

Aga Khan I was the imam, or spiritual leader, of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīte sect of the Shīʿite Muslims. He claimed to be directly descended from ʿAlī, the son-in-law of the Prophet Muḥammad, and ʿAlī’s wife Fāṭimah, Muḥammad’s daughter, and also from the Fāṭimid caliphs of Egypt. He was the governor of

Aga Khan II was the eldest son of Aga Khan I. In 1881 he succeeded his father as imam, or spiritual leader, of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīte sect of Shīʿite Muslims, and, during his short imamate, sought to improve the conditions of the

Aga Khan III was the only son of the Aga Khan II. He succeeded his father as imam (leader) of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī sect in 1885. Under the care of his mother, who was born into the ruling house of Iran, he was given an education that was not only Islamic but also Western. In addition to attending

Aga Khan IV was the wealthy and worldly spiritual leader of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī sect from his appointment as the 49th imam in the sect in 1957, following the death of his grandfather, the Aga Khan III, until his death in 2025. Simultaneously an entrepreneur and a strong religious community leader,

Pakistan: Education: …University in Islamabad (1980), the Aga Khan University in Karachi (1983), and the Lahore University for Management Sciences (1986). Most university classes are taught in Urdu or English.

Burkina Faso: Independence of Burkina Faso: …with Mali over the mineral-rich Agacher Strip erupted in a brief border war in December 1985. The dispute was settled in the International Court of Justice at The Hague a year later, to the satisfaction of both countries.

Anazarbus, former city of the ancient province of Cilicia in Anatolia that was important in the Roman and Byzantine periods. It was located in what is now south-central Turkey. The original native settlement was refounded by the Romans in 19 bc, following a visit by Augustus. It rivaled Tarsus, the

Sargon: Life: …that the capital city of Agade (Akkad), which he built, has never been located and excavated. It was destroyed at the end of the dynasty that Sargon founded and was never again inhabited, at least under the name of Agade.

Agadez, town, central Niger, at the southern edge of the Aïr massif. Agadez is a market town at a crossroads, 460 miles (740 km) northeast of Niamey, the national capital. Once the seat of a Tuareg sultanate (dating from the 15th century), it was occupied by the French in the early1900s. In 1916–17

Agadez, town, central Niger, at the southern edge of the Aïr massif. Agadez is a market town at a crossroads, 460 miles (740 km) northeast of Niamey, the national capital. Once the seat of a Tuareg sultanate (dating from the 15th century), it was occupied by the French in the early1900s. In 1916–17

Agadir, city, Atlantic port, southwestern Morocco. The city lies 6 miles (10 km) north of the mouth of the Sous valley. Possibly the site of the ancient Roman Portus Risadir, the city was occupied by the Portuguese from 1505 to 1541, when it fell to the Saʿdī sultanate. After the Moroccan Crisis of

Mohammed Khaïr-Eddine: …worked for the government in Agadir, helping to restore order after an earthquake there. This experience led to his novel Agadir (1967), in which the earthquake comes to represent the upheavals of contemporary Moroccan society.

Agadir Incident, event involving a German attempt to challenge French rights in Morocco by sending the gunboat Panther to Agadir in July 1911. The action incited the Second Moroccan Crisis (see Moroccan

Agaja was the third ruler of the West African kingdom of Dahomey (1708–40), who was able to extend his kingdom southward to the coast and who consolidated and centralized it through important administrative reforms. The first part of Agaja’s reign was by far the more successful. From 1708 to 1727

Yves Thériault: …genius after the publication of Agaguk (1958), a poignant tale about an Inuit (Eskimo) family faced with the white man’s code of law.

Chagatai literature: …Shermuhammad Munis and his nephew Muhammad Āgahī. Between 1806 and 1825, Munis, a lyric poet, wrote the poems that constitute his divan, Munis-ul ʿushshäq (“The Most Companionable of the Lovers”). But he is best remembered as the author of Firdaus-ul iqbāl (“Paradise of Felicity”), a history of Khiva begun at…

Agaie, town and traditional emirate, Niger state, west-central Nigeria. The town lies at the intersection of roads from Bida, Baro, Tagagi, Lapai, and Ebba. Originally inhabited by the Dibo (Ganagana, Zitako), a people associated with the Nupe, it fell under the sway of Malam Baba, a Fulani

N. Scott Momaday: Other works: … (1974), The Gourd Dancer (1976), Again the Far Morning: New and Selected Poems (2011), and The Death of Sitting Bear: New and Selected Poems (2020). The Names: A Memoir (1976) tells of his early life and of his respect for his Kiowa ancestors.

Jeff Bridges: …for a female fugitive in Against All Odds (1984). In 1989 he appeared with his brother, Beau Bridges, and Michelle Pfeiffer in The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989), a drama about two musicians who expand their failing lounge act to include a sexy female singer.

Flavius Josephus: Josephus as historian.: …known as Contra Apionem (Against Apion, though the earlier titles Concerning the Antiquity of the Jews and Against the Greeks are more apposite). Of its two books, the first answers various anti-Semitic charges leveled at the Jews by Hellenistic writers, while the second provides an argument for the ethical…

Christianity: Apologetics: defending the faith: …in the eight books of Against Celsus, a treatise written by Origen around 246–248 to answer the still troublesome work of a Platonist and critic of Christianity dating from about 70 years earlier and claiming to speak “the word of truth” (alêthês logos). Celsus was quite well informed about the…

Lysias: …and most famous speech, “Against Eratosthenes,” denouncing one of the Thirty Tyrants for his part in the reign of terror that followed the collapse of Athens in 404. Another of his orations (“Agoratus”) is the best source for Athenian laws on adultery.

St. Basil the Great: Works and legacy: Against Eunomius defends the deity of the Son against an extreme Arian thinker, and On the Holy Spirit expounds the deity of the Holy Spirit implied in the church’s tradition, though not previously formally defined. Basil is most characteristically revealed in his letters, of which…

Christianity: Aversion of heresy: the establishment of orthodoxy: Bishop Irenaeus of Lyon, in Against Heresies, ranked Marcion with the “gnostics” because at least one facet of Marcion’s error was his depreciation of the material creation. The gnostics invented complex cosmogonies in order to remove the true God from responsibility for the evils of matter, release from which was…

Susan Sontag: …short pieces were collected in Against Interpretation, and Other Essays (1966). Her second novel, Death Kit (1967), was followed by another collection of essays, Styles of Radical Will (1969). Her later critical works included On Photography (1977), Illness as Metaphor (1978), Under the Sign of Saturn (1980), and

Eavan Boland: Violence (1994), Anna Liffey (1997), Against Love Poetry (2001), Domestic Violence (2007), and A Woman Without a Country (2014). Her final collection, The Historians, was published posthumously in 2020. A Kind of Scar (1989) is Boland’s prose study of female Irish poets. She also coauthored (with Micheál Mac Liammóir) a…

Against the Grain, novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans, published in French as À rebours in 1884. It was also translated into English as Against Nature. In both its style and its subject, the work epitomizes the decadence of late 19th-century French elite culture. The protagonist, Des Esseintes, exhibits

skepticism: Medieval skepticism: Augustine’s Contra academicos. Augustine, before his conversion from paganism to Christianity, had found Cicero’s views attractive. But having overcome them through revelation, he characterized his subsequent philosophy as faith seeking understanding. Augustine’s account of skepticism and his answer to it provided the basis of medieval discussions.

Marcus Cornelius Fronto: …most famous lost speech is Against the Christians, which was answered in Minucius Felix’s Octavius.

Porphyry: Surviving fragments of his Against the Christians, which was condemned in 448 to be burned, marked him as a fierce critic of the new religion. He was also lecturer on Plotinus and tutor to the Syrian philosopher Iamblichus, wrote a life of the mathematician Pythagoras, and preserved precious fragments…

Thomas Pynchon: …Dixon as his subject, and Against the Day (2006) moves from the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 through World War I. Inherent Vice (2009; film 2014), Pynchon’s rambling take on the detective novel, returns to the California counterculture milieu of Vineland. Bleeding Edge (2013) chronicles the efforts of a fraud…

Martin Luther: Excommunication: …belligerently in a tract titled Against the Execrable Bull of the Antichrist. Upon the expiration of the 60-day period stipulated in the bull, on December 10, 1520, Luther cancelled his classes, marched to a bonfire started by his students outside one of the city gates, and threw a copy of…

Hipparchus: Lover of truth: Apparently his commentary Against the Geography of Eratosthenes was similarly unforgiving of loose and inconsistent reasoning. Ptolemy characterized him as a “lover of truth” (philalēthēs)—a trait that was more amiably manifested in Hipparchus’s readiness to revise his own beliefs in the light of new evidence. He communicated with…

Against the Grain, novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans, published in French as À rebours in 1884. It was also translated into English as Against Nature. In both its style and its subject, the work epitomizes the decadence of late 19th-century French elite culture. The protagonist, Des Esseintes, exhibits

St. Athanasius: Other works: Athanasius’s two-part work of apologetics, Against the Heathen and The Incarnation of the Word of God, completed about 335, was the first great classic of developed Greek Orthodox theology. In Athanasius’s system, the Son of God, the eternal Word through whom God made the world, entered the world in human…

Christianity: Aversion of heresy: the establishment of orthodoxy: Bishop Irenaeus of Lyon, in Against Heresies, ranked Marcion with the “gnostics” because at least one facet of Marcion’s error was his depreciation of the material creation. The gnostics invented complex cosmogonies in order to remove the true God from responsibility for the evils of matter, release from which was…

Phil Karlson: Film noirs: Even better was 5 Against the House (1955), a skillfully made heist picture (based on a novel by Jack Finney) about college students who try to rob a Reno nightclub. Karlson completed 1955, arguably his finest year for films, with The Phenix City Story, a two-fisted exposé of corruption…

Martin Luther: Controversies after the Diet of Worms: …sympathy for the peasants, and Against the Murderous and Robbing Hordes of the Peasants, which vehemently denounced them. Both works represented a shift away from his earlier vision of reform as encompassing societal as well as religious issues. It is likely that they helped to alienate the peasants from Luther’s…

James Dyson: In 1997 he published Against the Odds (cowritten with Giles Coren), an autobiographical account of his persistence in the face of discouragement. The following year he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 2002 the James Dyson Foundation was established with the aim of…

Meg Ryan: Turning point with In the Cut: …After starring in another flop, Against the Ropes, in 2004, Ryan took a few years off from movies. In 2006 she adopted her daughter, Daisy True Ryan.

Agaja was the third ruler of the West African kingdom of Dahomey (1708–40), who was able to extend his kingdom southward to the coast and who consolidated and centralized it through important administrative reforms. The first part of Agaja’s reign was by far the more successful. From 1708 to 1727

keffiyeh: Variations: …thick black cord called the ʿiqāl is tied around the ghutrah to secure it to the head. This variation is worn primarily in the Gulf States, including Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. In Iran the chafiyeh is worn atop the head and is typically checkered in a dark…

Agalega Islands, two-island dependency of Mauritius, in the western Indian Ocean. It consists of North Island and South Island. They lie about 600 miles (1,000 km) north of Mauritius and have a total land area of 27 square miles (70 square km). Copra and coconut oil are produced and exported, and

The Interrogation of the Old Men, in Irish literature, the preeminent tale of the Old Irish Fenian cycle of heroic tales. The “old men” are the Fenian poets Oisín (Ossian) and Caoilte, who, having survived the destruction of their comrades at the Battle of Gabhra, return to Ireland from the