Grace: …but usually there were three: Aglaia (Brightness), Euphrosyne (Joyfulness), and Thalia (Bloom). They are said to be daughters of Zeus and Hera (or Eurynome, daughter of Oceanus) or of Helios and Aegle, a daughter of Zeus. Frequently, the Graces were taken as goddesses of charm or beauty in general and…

houseplant: Foliage plants: The Chinese evergreens, of the genus Aglaonema, are fleshy tropical Asian herbs of slow growth, with leathery leaves often bearing silvery or colourful patterns; they are durable and are tolerant of indoor conditions. Members of Scindapsus, popularly known as pothos, or ivy-arums, are tropical climbers from…

classical scholarship: The new German humanism: …who in his famous book Aglaophamus (1829) refuted the seductive but dubious theory of the Heidelberg professor G.F. Creuzer that the mythology of Homer and Hesiod contained symbolic elements of an ancient Oriental revelation from which it was ultimately derived. August Meineke (1790–1870) did important work on Hellenistic poetry and…

Sir John Suckling: …of which is the tragedy Aglaura, magnificently staged in 1637 and handsomely printed at the author’s expense (1638); the best is the lively comedy The Goblins (1638). They all contain echoes of Shakespeare and Beaumont and Fletcher.

Aglauros, in Greek mythology, eldest daughter of the Athenian king Cecrops. Aglauros died with her sisters by leaping in fear from the Acropolis after seeing the infant Erichthonius, a human with a serpent’s tail. The Roman poet Ovid (Metamorphoses Book II), however, related that Aglauros was

Aglauros, in Greek mythology, eldest daughter of the Athenian king Cecrops. Aglauros died with her sisters by leaping in fear from the Acropolis after seeing the infant Erichthonius, a human with a serpent’s tail. The Roman poet Ovid (Metamorphoses Book II), however, related that Aglauros was

Philippine Independent Church: …officials in the Philippines, and Gregorio Aglipay y Labayán, a Philippine Roman Catholic priest who was excommunicated in 1899 for his activities on behalf of the revolution. Aglipay accepted de los Reyes’ request that he serve as supreme bishop of the new church in 1903, a position he held until…

Philippine Independent Church, independent church organized in 1902 after the Philippine revolution of 1896–98 as a protest against the Spanish clergy’s control of the Roman Catholic Church. Cofounders of the church were Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, author, labour leader, and senator, who was

gastropod: Classification: Superfamily Aglossa Parasitic or predatory snails either with a reduced radula or with none, jaws often modified into a stylet-shaped structure; many occur on echinoderms; consists of several poorly known families. Superfamily Doliacea (Tonnacea) Generally tropical predators on echinoderms; often burrow in sand; includes helmet shells

speech disorder: Loss of tongue: …loss of the tongue (true aglossia) from injury or surgery is often amazingly well compensated. Patients can learn to use residual portions of a tongue stump as well as other oral structures to substitute for the missing tongue; indeed, some persons without a tongue have relearned to speak so well…

poison: Plant poisons (phytotoxins): …one or more other compounds—aglycones (nonsugars)—when hydrolyzed (chemically degraded by the introduction of water molecules between adjacent subunits), are extremely toxic to animals. Toxicity resides in the aglycone component or a part of it. Oxalates are salts of oxalic acid, which under natural conditions is not toxic but becomes…

rocket and missile system: Air-to-surface: …AGM-12 (for aerial guided munition) Bullpup, a rocket-powered weapon that employed visual tracking and radio-transmitted command guidance. The pilot controlled the missile by means of a small side-mounted joystick and guided it toward the target by observing a small flare in its tail. Though Bullpup was simple and accurate, the…

rocket and missile system: Air-to-surface: The rocket-powered AGM-45 Shrike antiradiation missile was used in Vietnam to attack enemy radar and surface-to-air sites by passively homing onto their radar emissions. The first missile of its kind used in combat, the Shrike had to be tuned to the desired radar frequency before flight. Because…

rocket and missile system: Air-to-surface: …tracked missile was the AGM-64/65 Maverick family of rocket-powered missiles. Early versions used television tracking, while later versions employed infrared, permitting the fixing of targets at longer ranges and at night. The self-contained guidance system incorporated computer logic that enabled the missile to lock onto an image of the target…

rocket and missile system: Air-to-surface: …optically tracked missile was the AGM-64/65 Maverick family of rocket-powered missiles. Early versions used television tracking, while later versions employed infrared, permitting the fixing of targets at longer ranges and at night. The self-contained guidance system incorporated computer logic that enabled the missile to lock onto an image of the…

rocket and missile system: Air-to-surface: Following the Shrike was the AGM-78 Standard ARM (antiradiation munition), a larger and more expensive weapon that incorporated memory circuits and could be tuned to any of several frequencies in flight. Also rocket-propelled, it had a range of about 35 miles (55 kilometres). Faster and more sophisticated still was the…

active galactic nucleus (AGN), small region at the centre of a galaxy that emits a prodigious amount of energy in the form of radio, optical, X-ray, or gamma radiation or high-speed particle jets. Many classes of “active galaxies” have been identified—for example, quasars, radio galaxies, and

Italy: French victories in Lombardy: …to defeat the Venetians at Agnadello (May 14, 1509). But dissension among the victorious allies, who were manipulated by skillful Venetian diplomacy, turned the alliance against France, because that kingdom now seemed to be the greatest power in Italy. A Holy League, organized in 1511 to curtail French power in…

Agnano, volcanic crater, Napoli provincia, Campania regione, southern Italy. It is situated in the Campi Flegrei volcanic region just west of Naples. The crater, about 4 miles (6 km) in circumference, was known to the Greeks and Romans for its hot springs and the six-story Thermae Anianae (“Thermal

Marrakech: …to the medina, the stone Bab Agnaou is particularly notable. The modern quarter, called Gueliz, to the west of the medina developed under the French protectorate.

road: The Roman roads: …the express service, and (2) agnarie, the freight service. In addition, there was an enormous amount of travel by private individuals. The two most widely used vehicles were the two-wheeled chariot drawn by two or four horses and its companion, the cart used in rural areas. A four-wheeled raeda in…

agnathan, (superclass Agnatha), any member of the group of primitive jawless fishes that includes the lampreys (order Petromyzoniformes), hagfishes (order Myxiniformes), and several extinct groups. Hagfishes are minor pests of commercial food fisheries of the North Atlantic, but lampreys, because

agnathan, (superclass Agnatha), any member of the group of primitive jawless fishes that includes the lampreys (order Petromyzoniformes), hagfishes (order Myxiniformes), and several extinct groups. Hagfishes are minor pests of commercial food fisheries of the North Atlantic, but lampreys, because

descent: …are of two main types—patrilineal (or agnatic) systems, in which the relationships reckoned through the father are emphasized, and matrilineal (or uxorial) systems, in which the relationships reckoned through the mother are emphasized.

Germanic law: Tribal Germanic institutions: …his property passed to his descendants in the nearest degree of proximity, with a preference for males. (The declaration in the Salic Law that daughters could not inherit land was used by 16th-century French lawyers as additional support for the long-standing practice of excluding women or their descendants from succeeding…

Amitabh Bachchan: Financial difficulties: …of a mafia don in Agneepath (1990; “Path of Fire”), a middle-aged version of the “angry young man” roles that had elevated him to stardom. He later headed Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd. (ABCL), an entertainment venture that specialized in film production, distribution, and event management. ABCL organized the Miss World…

Juventus: The Agnelli family, owners of the Fiat automotive company, gained control of the club in 1923, and in 1925–26 Juventus won its second Italian league title. The 1930s were a golden period for “Juve,” as it won five Italian league championships in that decade and provided…

Giovanni Agnelli was the chairman of the automobile manufacturing company Fiat SpA, Italy’s largest private business enterprise, from 1966 to 2003. Grandson of Fiat’s founder (also named Giovanni Agnelli), the younger Giovanni was brought up in affluence and groomed by his grandfather to run the

Giovanni Agnelli was the founder of the Fiat (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino) automobile company and the leading Italian industrialist of the first half of the 20th century. Agnelli attended the military school at Modena, but he quit the army in 1892. In 1899 he was one of the prime movers in

Umberto Agnelli was an Italian automotive executive and grandson of Giovanni Agnelli, the founder of Fiat SpA. He served as the company’s chairman from 2003 to 2004. After graduating from the University of Turin with a law degree in 1959, Agnelli joined the family’s automotive enterprise, Fiat. He

Philip II: Internal affairs of Philip II: …he took a Tirolese lady, Agnes, daughter of Bertold IV of Meran, as his wife in June 1196. Denmark, meanwhile, had complained to Rome about the repudiation of Ingeborg, and Pope Celestine III had countermanded it in 1195, but Celestine died (1198) before he could resort to coercion against Philip.…

Friedrich Hebbel: The prose tragedy Agnes Bernauer (1852) treats the conflict between the necessities of the state and the rights of the individual. Gyges und sein Ring (1854; Gyges and His Ring), probably his most mature and subtle work, shows Hebbel’s predilection for involved psychological problems. His other works include…

Anjelica Huston: …yet intrepid Irish mother in Agnes Browne (1999), which she also directed.

Agnes of Poitou was the second wife of the Holy Roman emperor Henry III. She was regent (1056–62) during the minority of her son, the future Henry IV. Agnes was a daughter of William V the Great, duke of Aquitaine, and was a descendant of the kings of Burgundy and Italy. She married Henry III on

Agnes of Poitou was the second wife of the Holy Roman emperor Henry III. She was regent (1056–62) during the minority of her son, the future Henry IV. Agnes was a daughter of William V the Great, duke of Aquitaine, and was a descendant of the kings of Burgundy and Italy. She married Henry III on

Agnes Grey, novel by Anne Brontë, published in 1847. The strongly autobiographical narrative concerns the travails of a rector’s daughter in her service as governess, first to the unruly Bloomfield children and then to the callous Murrays. Her sole consolations in an otherwise dreary and

Agnes of Poitou was the second wife of the Holy Roman emperor Henry III. She was regent (1056–62) during the minority of her son, the future Henry IV. Agnes was a daughter of William V the Great, duke of Aquitaine, and was a descendant of the kings of Burgundy and Italy. She married Henry III on

Anne Bancroft: …as a mother superior in Agnes of God (1985). Other notable film credits included The Slender Thread (1965), Young Winston (1972), The Elephant Man (1980), ’Night, Mother (1986), and 84 Charing Cross Road (1987), as well as three with her second husband, comedian-director-producer

Agnes of Poitou was the second wife of the Holy Roman emperor Henry III. She was regent (1056–62) during the minority of her son, the future Henry IV. Agnes was a daughter of William V the Great, duke of Aquitaine, and was a descendant of the kings of Burgundy and Italy. She married Henry III on

St. Agnes ; feast day January 21) was a virgin and patron saint of girls, who is one of the most-celebrated Roman martyrs. According to tradition, Agnes was a beautiful girl, about 12 or 13 years old, who refused marriage, stating that she could have no spouse but Jesus Christ. Her suitors revealed

Agnes Scott College, private institution of higher education for women in Decatur, Georgia, U.S.A. liberal arts college allied with the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Agnes Scott College offers Bachelor of Arts degrees in some 30 disciplines; several interdisciplinary majors are offered as well,

Jeanne-Catherine-Agnès Arnauld was the abbess of the Jansenist centre of Port-Royal and author of the religious community’s Constitutions (1665). She was one of six sisters of the prominent Jansenist theologian Antoine Arnauld (the Great Arnauld). Like her older sister, the abbess Mère Angélique

St. Agnes ; feast day January 21) was a virgin and patron saint of girls, who is one of the most-celebrated Roman martyrs. According to tradition, Agnes was a beautiful girl, about 12 or 13 years old, who refused marriage, stating that she could have no spouse but Jesus Christ. Her suitors revealed

Maria Gaetana Agnesi was an Italian mathematician and philosopher, considered to be the first woman in the Western world to have achieved a reputation in mathematics. Agnesi was the eldest child of a wealthy silk merchant who provided her with the best tutors available. She was an extremely

Maria Gaetana Agnesi: …into English as the “Witch of Agnesi.” The French Academy of Sciences, in its review of the Instituzioni, stated that: “We regard it as the most complete and best made treatise.” Pope Benedict XIV was similarly impressed and appointed Agnesi professor of mathematics at the University of Bologna in…

strain theory: …most prominently by American criminologists Robert Agnew and Steven F. Messner and Richard Rosenfeld.

Spiro Agnew was the 39th vice president of the United States (1969–73) in the Republican administration of President Richard M. Nixon. He was the second person to resign the nation’s second highest office (John C. Calhoun was the first in 1832) and the first to resign under duress. Agnew was the

Spiro Agnew was the 39th vice president of the United States (1969–73) in the Republican administration of President Richard M. Nixon. He was the second person to resign the nation’s second highest office (John C. Calhoun was the first in 1832) and the first to resign under duress. Agnew was the

Spiro Agnew was the 39th vice president of the United States (1969–73) in the Republican administration of President Richard M. Nixon. He was the second person to resign the nation’s second highest office (John C. Calhoun was the first in 1832) and the first to resign under duress. Agnew was the

Anyi, African people who inhabit the tropical forest of eastern Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and speak a language of the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo language family. About the middle of the 18th century most of the Anyi were expelled from Ghana by the Asante and migrated westward. The Anyi, who live

Agni, fire-god of Hinduism, second only to Indra in the Vedic mythology of ancient India. He is equally the fire of the sun, of lightning, and of both the domestic and the sacrificial hearth. As the divine personification of the fire of sacrifice, he is the mouth of the gods, the carrier of the

Agni: …in many ceremonies, especially by Agnihotri Brahmans (who perform fire rites), and he is the guardian of the southeast.

Shiv Narayan Agnihotri was the Hindu founder of a quasi-religious reform movement called Dev Samaj (“Divine Society”). At the age of 16 Agnihotri entered the government-sponsored Thompson Engineering College in Roorkee, and in 1873 he took a position as a drawing master in the Government School of

kul: …found in such appellations as Agnikula (“Family of the Fire God”), a putative ancient dynasty from which the Rājputs of Rājasthān derive their claim to be Kshatriyas (nobles). Another is the gurukula (“guru’s family”) system of education, in which a pupil, after his initiation, lives in the house of his…

James Frederick Ferrier: …distinguished for his theory of agnoiology, or theory of ignorance.

Agostino Di Giovanni: …known for his work, with Agnolo di Ventura, on the tomb of Guido Tarlati.

Baccio d’Agnolo was a wood-carver, sculptor, and architect who exerted an important influence on the Renaissance architecture of Florence. Between 1491 and 1502 he did much of the decorative carving in the church of Santa Maria Novella and in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. He helped restore the

name: European patterns of naming: …an individual surname, called an agnomen: Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus was so named because of his successful war in Africa.

S.Y. Agnon was an Israeli writer who was one of the leading modern Hebrew novelists and short-story writers. In 1966 he was the co-recipient, with Nelly Sachs, of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Born of a family of Polish Jewish merchants, rabbis, and scholars, Agnon wrote at first (1903–06) in

S.Y. Agnon was an Israeli writer who was one of the leading modern Hebrew novelists and short-story writers. In 1966 he was the co-recipient, with Nelly Sachs, of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Born of a family of Polish Jewish merchants, rabbis, and scholars, Agnon wrote at first (1903–06) in

Italic languages: Oscan: …any length is the so-called Agnone Tablet of about 250 bce (a small bronze tablet found near Fonte Romito, between Agnone and Capracotta), detailing cultic instructions related to the worship of Ceres and other divinities. The remainder of the Oscan corpus includes diverse material, some of which is of considerable…

agnosia, loss or diminution of the ability to recognize objects, sounds, smells, tastes, or other sensory stimuli. Agnosia is sometimes described as perception without meaning, as it typically occurs in the absence of any obvious deficit in memory or sensory function, with the organs of the sensory

Catherine Helen Spence: Advocating for women’s right to vote and other social issues: Her An Agnostic’s Progress from the Known to the Unknown, a collection of essays in which Spence describes her personal intellectual development, was published in 1884.

agnosticism, (from Greek agnōstos, “unknowable”), strictly speaking, the doctrine that humans cannot know of the existence of anything beyond the phenomena of their experience. The term has come to be equated in popular parlance with skepticism about religious questions in general and in particular

Cambrian Period: Correlation of Cambrian strata: …species of the trilobite order Agnostida have intercontinental distributions in open-marine strata. These trilobites are small, rarely exceeding a few millimetres in length, and they have only two thoracic segments. Specialized appendages, which were probably useful for swimming but unsuitable for walking on the seafloor, suggest that they were pelagic…

Cambrian Period: Correlation of Cambrian strata: …species of the trilobite order Agnostida have intercontinental distributions in open-marine strata. These trilobites are small, rarely exceeding a few millimetres in length, and they have only two thoracic segments. Specialized appendages, which were probably useful for swimming but unsuitable for walking on the seafloor, suggest that they were pelagic…

Agnostus, genus of trilobites (an extinct group of aquatic arthropods) found as fossils in rocks of Early Cambrian to Late Ordovician age (those deposited from 540 to 438 million years ago). The agnostids were generally small, with only two thoracic segments and a large tail segment. Agnostus

Agnus Dei, designation of Jesus Christ in Christian liturgical usage. It is based on the saying of John the Baptist: “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” (John 1:29). In the Roman Catholic liturgy the Agnus Dei is employed in the following text: “Lamb of God, who takest

Saint Agobard ; feast day June 6) was the archbishop of Lyon from 816, who was active in political and ecclesiastical affairs during the reign of the emperor Louis I the Pious. He also wrote theological and liturgical treatises. He probably traveled from the former Visigothic strip of southern Gaul

ancient Greek civilization: The helot factor: …a rigorous military training, the agoge, to enable them to deal with the Messenian helots, whose agricultural labours provided the Spartans with the leisure for their military training and life-style—a notoriously vicious circle.

Amar Ramasar: Early life: …of George Balanchine’s 1957 ballet Agon, a study in contrasts created for a black man and a white woman. Inspired by the video and encouraged by Catanach, Ramasar auditioned (1993) for NYCB’s School of American Ballet (SAB). He received a scholarship to SAB’s boys’ program

agon, debate or contest between two characters in Attic comedy, constituting one of several formal conventions in these highly structured plays. More generally, an agon is the contest of opposed wills in Classical tragedy or any subsequent drama. The Old Comedy of Greece, introduced into Dionysian

Miguel de Unamuno: …La agonía del cristianismo (1925; The Agony of Christianity).

Bermuda Triangle: …failed to account for the agonic line—the place at which there is no need to compensate for magnetic compass variation—as they approached the Bermuda Triangle, resulting in significant navigational error and catastrophe. Another popular theory is that the missing vessels were felled by so-called “rogue waves,” which are massive waves…

poacher, (family Agonidae), any of the marine fishes of the family Agonidae (order Scorpaeniformes), a group of approximately 50 species that also includes alligatorfishes, sea poachers, and starsnouts. Poachers live in cold water, on the bottom, and are found mainly in the northern Pacific Ocean.

agonism, survivalist animal behaviour that includes aggression, defense, and avoidance. The term is favoured by biologists who recognize that the behavioral bases and stimuli for approach and fleeing are often the same, the actual behaviour exhibited depending on other factors, especially the

pharmaceutical industry: Contribution of scientific knowledge to drug discovery: Agonists are drugs or naturally occurring substances that activate physiologic receptors, whereas antagonists are drugs that block those receptors. In this case, angiotensin II is an agonist at AT1 receptors, and the antihypertensive AT1 drugs are antagonists. Antihypertensives illustrate the value of discovering novel drug…

agonism, philosophical outlook emphasizing the importance of conflict to politics. Agonism can take a descriptive form, in which conflict is argued to be a necessary feature of all political systems, or a normative form, in which conflict is held to have some special value such that it is important

pharmaceutical industry: Contribution of scientific knowledge to drug discovery: Agonists are drugs or naturally occurring substances that activate physiologic receptors, whereas antagonists are drugs that block those receptors. In this case, angiotensin II is an agonist at AT1 receptors, and the antihypertensive AT1 drugs are antagonists. Antihypertensives illustrate the value of discovering novel drug…

agonism, survivalist animal behaviour that includes aggression, defense, and avoidance. The term is favoured by biologists who recognize that the behavioral bases and stimuli for approach and fleeing are often the same, the actual behaviour exhibited depending on other factors, especially the

Janus: …place on January 9, the Agonium. There were several important temples erected to Janus, and it is assumed that there was also an early cult on the Janiculum, which the ancients took to mean “the city of Janus.”

poacher: Notable species include the sturgeon poacher (Podothecus acipenserinus), a large, common, northern Pacific poacher, and the hook-nose, pogge, or armed bullhead (Agonus cataphractus), a small fish common in northern Europe and one of the few poachers found outside the Pacific. The various species are of little commercial value.

scorpaeniform: Reproduction: The European hook-nose (A. cataphractus) lays up to 2,400 eggs inside the hollow rhizoid (stalk) of the kelp Laminaria in a compact, membrane-covered mass. Incubation is prolonged, possibly as long as 12 months.

Irving Stone: …Mary Todd and Abraham Lincoln; The Agony and the Ecstasy (1961), a life of the Renaissance artist Michelangelo; The Passions of the Mind (1971), about Sigmund Freud; and The Origin (1980), a life of Charles Darwin centred on the voyage of the Beagle and its aftermath.

Jan Gossart: …sense of mood, is the Agony in the Garden.

Giovanni Bellini: In The Agony in the Garden (1465), the horizon moves up, and a deep, wide landscape encloses the figures, to play an equal part in expressing the drama of the scene. As with the dramatis personae, the elaborately linear structure of the landscape provides much of…

Miguel de Unamuno: …La agonía del cristianismo (1925; The Agony of Christianity).

African literature: Somali: In his novel Aqoondarro waa u nacab jacayl (1974; Ignorance Is the Enemy of Love)—the first novel published in Somali—Faarax Maxamed Jaamac Cawl criticized the traditional past. He made use of documentary sources having to do with the struggle against colonialism in the early 20th century, when forces…

Islamic arts: Turkey: …company headed by an Armenian, Agop, who was later converted to Islam and changed his name to Yakup. For almost 20 years the Gedik Paşa Theatre was the dramatic centre of the city. Plays in translation were soon followed by original plays, several with a nationalist appeal, such as Namık…

agora, in ancient Greek cities, an open space that served as a meeting ground for various activities of the citizens. The name, first found in the works of Homer, connotes both the assembly of the people as well as the physical setting. It was applied by the classical Greeks of the 5th century bce

Agoracritus was a Greek sculptor said to have been the favourite pupil of Phidias. His most renowned work is the statue of Nemesis at Rhamnous, Greece, part of the head of which is in the British Museum, while fragments of the pedestal reliefs are in

agoraphobia, type of anxiety disorder characterized by avoidance of situations that induce intense fear and panic. The term is derived from the Greek word agora, meaning “place of assembly,” “open space,” or “marketplace,” and from the English word phobia, meaning “fear.” Many patients with

cetacean: Annotated taxonomy: †Family Agorophiidae 1 genus. Lower Oligocene of North America. †Family Squalodontidae At least 12 genera. Upper Oligocene to Late Miocene. Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. †Family Squalodelphidae 3 genera. Lower Miocene. Europe and South America.

cetacean: Annotated taxonomy: †Family Agorophiidae 1 genus. Lower Oligocene of North America. †Family Squalodontidae At least 12 genera. Upper Oligocene to Late Miocene. Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. †Family Squalodelphidae 3 genera. Lower Miocene. Europe and South America.

Augusta, town, Sicily, Italy, north of the city of Syracuse; it lies on a long sandy island off the southeast coast between the Golfo (gulf) di Augusta and the Ionian Sea and is connected by two bridges with the mainland. The town was founded near the site of the ancient Dorian town of Megara

Agostini v. Felton, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 23, 1997, held (5–4) that the New York City Board of Education’s practice of employing teachers to provide on-site remedial instruction to educationally deprived students in parochial schools did not violate the establishment

comic strip: The 19th century: …years in the future, by Angelo Agostini, an Italian who settled in Brazil. His As aventuras de Nhô-Quim & Zé Caipora (initially 1883–86; “The Adventures of Nhô-Quim & Zé Caipora”) set a record length of 23 chapters and 378 drawings, a number eventually tripled to a total of 75 chapters…

Pierre Agostini is a French physicist who was awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics for his experiments with attosecond pulses of light. He shared the prize with French physicist Anne L’Huillier and Hungarian physicist Ferenc Krausz. An attosecond is 10−18 second, or a billionth of a billionth of

Italian literature: Other writings: Of his mature writings, Agostino (1944; Eng. trans. Agostino), Il conformista (1951; The Conformist), and La noia (1960; “The Tedium”; Eng. trans. Empty Canvas) stand out as particular achievements. Soldati, in works such as Le lettere da Capri (1953; The Capri Letters) and Le due città (1964; “The Two

Agostino Di Duccio was an early Renaissance sculptor whose work is characterized by its linear decorativeness. His early work shows the influence of Donatello and Michelozzo, whom he assisted in adorning SS. Annunziata in Florence. Agostino’s name is associated mainly with the wealth of sculptured