James II was the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688, and the last Stuart monarch in the direct male line. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution (1688–89) and replaced by William III and Mary II. That revolution, engendered by James’s Roman Catholicism, permanently

John Stewart, 2nd duke of Albany was the regent of Scotland during the reign of James V and advocate of close ties between France and Scotland. His father, Alexander Stewart (c. 1454–85), the 1st duke of Albany of the second creation, died when he was scarcely more than an infant, and he was raised

Louise Maximilienne Caroline, countess of Albany was the wife of the Young Pretender, Prince Charles Edward, unsuccessful Stuart claimant to the English throne. Later she became the mistress of the Italian poet and dramatist Vittorio Alfieri. The elder daughter of Gustav Adolf, prince of

Robert Stewart, 1st duke of Albany was a regent of Scotland who virtually ruled Scotland from 1388 to 1420, throughout the reign of his weak brother Robert III and during part of the reign of James I, who had been imprisoned in London. The third son of Robert II of Scotland, he was made high

albarello, pottery jar for apothecaries’ ointments and dry drugs made in the Near East and in Spain and produced in Italy from the 15th through the 18th century in the form known as majolica (q.v.), or tin-glazed earthenware. Since the jar had to be easy to hold, use, and shelve, its basic form was

Damon Albarn is an English musician who found fame as the front man for the rock band Blur and as the main creative force behind the pop group Gorillaz but was also noted for his eclectic output as a composer, producer, and collaborator. Albarn, whose parents were involved in London’s creative

condottiere: …developed by the Provençal adventurer Montréal d’Albarno. The Englishman Sir John Hawkwood, one of the most famous of the non-Italian condottieri, came to Italy in the 1360s during a lull in the Hundred Years’ War and for the next 30 years led the White Company in the confused wars of…

African literature: Portuguese: In Mozambique, João Albasini was, in 1918, one of the founders of O Brado Africano (“The African Roar”), a bilingual weekly in Portuguese and Ronga in which many of Mozambique’s writers had their work first published. Albasini’s collection of short stories O livro da dor (“The Book…

al-Battānī was an Arab astronomer and mathematician who refined existing values for the length of the year and of the seasons, for the annual precession of the equinoxes, and for the inclination of the ecliptic. He showed that the position of the Sun’s apogee, or farthest point from the Earth, is

al-Battānī was an Arab astronomer and mathematician who refined existing values for the length of the year and of the seasons, for the annual precession of the equinoxes, and for the inclination of the ecliptic. He showed that the position of the Sun’s apogee, or farthest point from the Earth, is

al-Battānī was an Arab astronomer and mathematician who refined existing values for the length of the year and of the seasons, for the annual precession of the equinoxes, and for the inclination of the ecliptic. He showed that the position of the Sun’s apogee, or farthest point from the Earth, is

tactical weapons system: Surface-to-air systems: The Italian Albatros system utilizes the existing fire-control system for a warship’s guns to control an added system employing the Aspide homing missile.

albatross, (family Diomedeidae), any of more than a dozen species of large seabirds that collectively make up the family Diomedeidae (order Procellariiformes). Because of their tameness on land, many albatrosses are known by the common names mollymawk (from the Dutch for “foolish gull”) and gooney.

Fleetwood Mac: …and the hit single “Albatross” (1968). Thereafter the band experienced more moderate success while undergoing multiple personnel changes (including Green’s departure and the addition of McVie’s wife, keyboardist-vocalist-songwriter Christine). A move to the United States in 1974 and the addition of singer-songwriters Nicks and Buckingham (the latter an accomplished…

oceanic plateau: Thus, the Albatross Plateau of the eastern equatorial Pacific now is recognized as belonging to the East Pacific Rise and has been shown to possess a much more irregular summit than early data indicated.

sea star: Albatrossaster richardi has been taken at a depth of 6,035 metres (19,800 feet) near the Cape Verde Islands. The mud star (Ctenodiscus crispatus), about 10 cm (4 inches) across, with blunt, short arms and a broad, yellow disk, is abundant worldwide on mud bottoms of…

Granada: …of the city is the Albaicín (Albayzin) quarter, the oldest section of Granada, with its narrow cobbled streets and cármenes (Moorish-style houses). Albaicín is bounded to the south by the Darro River, and on the other side of the river is the hill upon which stands the famous Moorish palace…

Kangxi: Acquisition of actual power: …expelled from their fortresses of Albazin and Nerchinsk by the Qing army before Kangxi’s reign. But the Russians restored the two fortresses and were building many more in that region, and Kangxi prepared to deal them a blow. In 1685 Qing forces attacked Albazin and captured it in a few…

Kangxi: Acquisition of actual power: …expelled from their fortresses of Albazin and Nerchinsk by the Qing army before Kangxi’s reign. But the Russians restored the two fortresses and were building many more in that region, and Kangxi prepared to deal them a blow. In 1685 Qing forces attacked Albazin and captured it in a few…

Alba Fucens, ancient fortified hilltop town of the Aequi in central Italy. It was settled by Rome as a Latin colony in 303 bc and was important for its domination of the Via Valeria, which linked Rome with the Adriatic Sea. Alba Fucens was situated on a hill with three distinct summits, all of

albedo, fraction of light that is reflected by a body or surface. It is commonly used in astronomy to describe the reflective properties of planets, satellites, and asteroids. It is an important consideration in climatology since recent albedo decreases in the Arctic have increased heat absorption

Edward Albee was an American dramatist and theatrical producer best known for his play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), which displays slashing insight and witty dialogue in its gruesome portrayal of married life. Albee was the adopted child of a father who had for a time been the assistant

Edward Albee was an American dramatist and theatrical producer best known for his play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), which displays slashing insight and witty dialogue in its gruesome portrayal of married life. Albee was the adopted child of a father who had for a time been the assistant

Edward Franklin Albee was a theatrical manager who, as the general manager of the Keith-Albee theatre circuit, was the most influential person in vaudeville in the United States. A circus ticket seller when he joined Benjamin Franklin Keith in 1885 to establish the Boston Bijou Theatre, he was

Albeluvisol, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Albeluvisols are characterized by a subsurface layer of brownish clay into which "tongues" of bleached material project from an overlying layer extensively leached of clay and iron

William Barker Cushing: …destruction of the Confederate ironclad Albemarle in the Roanoke River, N.C., in October 1864. This vessel, which had done much damage to Union naval forces, was at anchor when Cushing, in a steam launch, eluded the Confederate lookout and exploded against the ship a spar torpedo with such success that…

Isabela Island, largest of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. It lies in the eastern Pacific Ocean 600 miles (965 km) west of mainland Ecuador and has an area of 2,249 square miles (5,825 square km). It was named in the 17th century for George Monck, duke of Albemarle, but now only its northern tip,

Albemarle Sound, shallow coastal inlet of northeastern North Carolina, U.S. Protected from the Atlantic Ocean by the Outer Banks, it extends (east-west) for about 50 miles (80 km) and varies in width from 5 to 14 miles (8 to 23 km); nowhere is it deeper than 25 feet (8 metres). It receives the

George Monck, 1st duke of Albemarle was an English general who fought in Ireland and Scotland during the English Civil Wars and who was the chief architect of the Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660, following 11 years of republican government. Scion of a well-to-do Devon family, Monck

Isaac Albéniz was a composer and virtuoso pianist, a leader of the Spanish nationalist school of musicians. Albéniz appeared as a piano prodigy at age 4 and by 12 had run away from home twice. Both times he supported himself by concert tours, eventually gaining his father’s consent to his

Isaac Albéniz was a composer and virtuoso pianist, a leader of the Spanish nationalist school of musicians. Albéniz appeared as a piano prodigy at age 4 and by 12 had run away from home twice. Both times he supported himself by concert tours, eventually gaining his father’s consent to his

Juan Bautista Alberdi was an Argentine political thinker whose writings influenced the assembly that drew up the constitution of 1853. Alberdi was one of the best-known of the “Generation of ’37,” an intellectual movement of university students who debated politics, social theories, and philosophy.

Nicholas V: Early life: …he entered the household of Niccolò Albergati, the cardinal archbishop of Bologna, whom he served devotedly for 20 years, accompanying him on his many diplomatic missions throughout Europe.

salt: Use of artificial heat: The Alberger process is partially a vacuum-pan and partially a grainer operation in which cubic crystals are formed in the solution fed to the grainer pans by a partial vacuum-pan evaporation. These seed crystals in the grainer produce a salt that is a mixture of the…

Prester John: A 13th-century chronicler, Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, recorded that in 1165 a letter was sent by Prester John to several European rulers, especially Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine emperor, and Frederick I Barbarossa, the Holy Roman emperor. A literary fiction, the letter was in Latin and was translated into…

Italy: The reign of Berengar I: …her son, the princeps (prince) Alberic, who were able and effective rulers between 924 and 954. Hugh of Arles (king 926–947) found the situation irreversible. He could no longer use Carolingian-style procedures, such as new legislation or local administrative intervention, to assert his power. His most typical solution was to…

Italy: The reign of Berengar I: …her son, the princeps (prince) Alberic, who were able and effective rulers between 924 and 954. Hugh of Arles (king 926–947) found the situation irreversible. He could no longer use Carolingian-style procedures, such as new legislation or local administrative intervention, to assert his power. His most typical solution was to…

Saint Odo of Cluny: Abbot of Cluny: …the role of peacemaker between Alberic II, prince of Rome (932–954), and King Hugh of Italy (926–945) during their struggle for preeminence, and Alberic turned to him to reform various monasteries in and around Rome. Odo also cultivated a local network of donors in the neighbourhood of Cluny. During his…

Oberon, king of the elves, or of the “faerie,” in the French medieval poem Huon de Bordeaux. In this poem Oberon is a dwarf-king, living in the woodland, who by magic powers helps the hero to accomplish a seemingly impossible task. In the legendary history of the Merovingian dynasty Oberon is a

Albert of Aix was a canon of the church of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) and historian of the First Crusade. He gathered oral and written testaments of participants in the Crusade and provided a chronicle on the subject, the Historia expeditionis Hierosolymitanae (“History of the Expedition to

Italy: The war in northern Italy: …tyrants, Ezzelino and his brother, Alberigo, from the ancient da Romano family, who were working to expand their lordship from their base in Verona at the expense of towns such as Padua, Vicenza, and Brescia. Frederick relied on them for support, and in doing so he provoked the opposition of…

Oberon, king of the elves, or of the “faerie,” in the French medieval poem Huon de Bordeaux. In this poem Oberon is a dwarf-king, living in the woodland, who by magic powers helps the hero to accomplish a seemingly impossible task. In the legendary history of the Merovingian dynasty Oberon is a

Giulio Alberoni was a statesman who as de facto premier of Spain (1716–19) played a major role in the revival of that nation after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14). The son of a gardener, Alberoni was educated by the Jesuits, took holy orders, and in 1698 was appointed a canon at Parma,

Giulio Alberoni was a statesman who as de facto premier of Spain (1716–19) played a major role in the revival of that nation after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14). The son of a gardener, Alberoni was educated by the Jesuits, took holy orders, and in 1698 was appointed a canon at Parma,

Anni Albers was a German-born textile designer who was one of the most influential figures in textile arts in the 20th century. In addition to creating striking designs for utilitarian woven objects, she helped to reestablish work in textiles as an art form. She was married to the innovative

Josef Albers was a painter, poet, sculptor, teacher, and theoretician of art, important as an innovator of such styles as Colour Field painting and Op art. From 1908 to 1920 Albers studied painting and printmaking in Berlin, Essen, and Munich and taught elementary school in his native town of

marble bone disease, rare disorder in which the bones become extremely dense, hard, and brittle. The disease progresses as long as bone growth continues; the marrow cavities become filled with compact bone. Because increased bone mass crowds the bone marrow, resulting in a reduced amount of marrow

Albert was the last grand master of the Teutonic Knights from 1510 to 1525, and the first duke of Prussia (from 1525). He was a Protestant German ruler known chiefly for ending the Teutonic Knights’ government of East Prussia and founding a hereditary dukedom in its place. Albert was the third son

Albert was the king of Saxony from Oct. 29, 1873. He was a Catholic king of a Protestant country who was nonetheless popular with his subjects. He also was a capable soldier who fought well in the Seven Weeks’ War of 1866 and in the Franco-German War of 1870–71. He was the eldest son of Prince

Albert was the prince of Monaco (1889–1922), seaman, amateur oceanographer, and patron of the sciences, whose contributions to the development of oceanography included innovations in oceanographic equipment and technique and the founding and endowment of institutions to further basic research.

Albert was a margrave of Brandenburg, cardinal, and elector of Mainz, a liberal patron of the arts known chiefly as the object of the reformer Martin Luther’s attacks concerning the sale of indulgences. Albert was the younger son of John Cicero, elector of Brandenburg. Albert became archbishop of

Albert was an antipope in 1101. He was cardinal bishop of Silva Candida when elected early in 1101 as successor to the antipope Theodoric of Santa Ruffina, who had been set up against the legitimate pope, Paschal II, by an imperial faction supporting the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV in his struggle

Albert III was the duke of Saxony, founder of the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin, and marshal of the Holy Roman Empire. Albert was the son of Frederick II, elector of Saxony. When he was 12 years of age, he and his brother Ernest were abducted by their father’s enemy, the Saxon noble Kunz

Born in 1876, fencer Albert Ayat was among France’s greatest masters of the sword by the time of the 1900 Paris Games. Only 24 years old, he had served as a sword-fighting instructor at Saint-Cyr, France’s military academy, privately taught the art of dueling to a number of European aristocrats,

Albert Canal, waterway connecting the cities of Antwerp and Liège in Belgium. The Albert Canal is about 130 km (80 miles) long. As completed in 1939, it had a minimum bottom width of 24 metres (80 feet) and could be navigated by 2,000-ton vessels having a maximum draft of 2.7 metres (9 feet).

St. Albertus Magnus ; canonized December 16, 1931; feast day November 15) was a Dominican bishop and philosopher best known as a teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas and as a proponent of Aristotelianism at the University of Paris. He established the study of nature as a legitimate science within the

Edward VII was the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British dominions and emperor of India from 1901. He was an immensely popular and affable sovereign and a leader of society. Albert Edward was the second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria and the Prince

Automated Transfer Vehicle: …launched after the Edoardo Amaldi: Albert Einstein, on June 5, 2013, and Georges Lemaître, on July 29, 2014.

The revolution experienced by modern physics began to be reflected in the 12th edition (1922) of the Encyclopædia Britannica with Sir James Jeans’s article “Relativity.” In the 13th edition (1926) a wholly new topic, “Space-Time,” was discussed by the person most qualified in all the world to do

Albert II was the king of the Belgians from 1993 to 2013. The second son of King Leopold III, Albert was educated at home and in Geneva and Brussels and entered the Belgian navy in 1953. From 1962 until his ascent, he served as honorary chairman of the Belgian Office of Foreign Trade, leading some

George VI was the king of the United Kingdom from 1936 to 1952. The second son of the future king George V, the prince served in the Royal Navy (1913–17), the Royal Naval Air Service (1917–19), and the Royal Air Force (1919) and then attended Trinity College, Cambridge (1919–20). On June 3, 1920,

Royal Albert Hall, concert hall in the City of Westminster, London. One of Britain’s principal concert halls and major landmarks, it is located south of the Albert Memorial and north of the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. Designated a memorial to Prince Albert, the consort of

Albert I was the king of the Belgians (1909–34), who led the Belgian army during World War I and guided his country’s postwar recovery. The younger son of Philip, count of Flanders (brother of King Leopold II), Albert succeeded to the throne in 1909—Leopold’s son and Albert’s father and older

Albert I was the first margrave of Brandenburg and founder of the Ascanian dynasties. He was one of the main leaders of 12th-century German expansion into eastern Europe. In 1123 Albert inherited Saxon estates between the Harz Mountains and the middle reaches of the Elbe River from his father, Otto

Albert I was the duke of Austria and German king from 1298 to 1308 who repressed private war, befriended the serfs, and protected the persecuted Jews. The eldest son of King Rudolf I of the House of Habsburg, Albert was invested with the duchies of Austria and Styria in 1282. After Rudolf’s death

Order of the Brothers of the Sword: …the third bishop of Livonia, Albert von Buxhoevden, founded the Order of the Brothers of the Sword, with the pope’s permission, as a permanent military body in Livonia to protect the church’s conquests and to forcibly convert the native pagan tribes to Christianity.

Albert II was the king of the Belgians from 1993 to 2013. The second son of King Leopold III, Albert was educated at home and in Geneva and Brussels and entered the Belgian navy in 1953. From 1962 until his ascent, he served as honorary chairman of the Belgian Office of Foreign Trade, leading some

Albert II was a German king from 1438, king of Hungary, king of Bohemia, and duke of Luxembourg. As a member of the Habsburg dynasty, he was archduke of Austria from infancy (1404). On the death of his father-in-law, the Holy Roman emperor Sigismund, Albert was crowned king of Hungary (Jan. 1,

coin: Germany and central Europe: …until the 14th century, when Albert II (1330–58) introduced a gold florin of Florentine character. The gros appeared with Frederick III (1440–93): thereafter, development was parallel with that of Germany, with thalers taking a prominent place. Those with the portrait of Maria Theresa acquired wide popularity on either side of…

Albert II Alcibiades was a margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, a member of the Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern family, and a soldier of fortune in the wars between the Habsburgs and the Valois dynasty of France. Albert served the Holy Roman emperor Charles V until January 1552, when he joined

Albert II, prince of Monaco is the prince of Monaco and the 32nd hereditary ruler of the principality of Monaco (2005– ). He is the only son of Rainier III, prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly (Princess Grace of Monaco), a former actress. Albert attended Amherst College (B.A., 1981) in Massachusetts

Albert III was the duke of Saxony, founder of the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin, and marshal of the Holy Roman Empire. Albert was the son of Frederick II, elector of Saxony. When he was 12 years of age, he and his brother Ernest were abducted by their father’s enemy, the Saxon noble Kunz

Battle of Näfels: …truce (February 1388), the Habsburg Albert III of Austria advanced with an army against Glarus; but the rebels, reinforced by troops from Schwyz, first checked the invasion by holding the heights above Näfels, at the northern entrance to their valley, and then repelled it by a bloody counterattack. Further Swiss…

Albert III Achilles was the elector of Brandenburg, a soldier, and an administrative innovator who established the principle by which the mark of Brandenburg was to pass intact to the eldest son. The third son of Frederick of Hohenzollern, elector of Brandenburg, Albert received his family’s

Austria: Division of the Habsburg lands: After the short rule of Albert IV (1395–1404) and a troublesome tutelary regime (1404–11), Albert V came into his own, and with him the Danube countries again enjoyed a strong and energetic rule (1411–39). Albert, however, had married the daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Sigismund and was thus drawn…

house of Habsburg: Origins: …on his death his sons Albert IV and Rudolf III partitioned the inheritance. Rudolf III’s descendants, however, sold their portion, including Laufenburg, to Albert IV’s descendants before dying out in 1408.

Bavaria: History of Bavaria: A consolidation began when Duke Albert IV (the Wise) of Bavaria-Munich (reigned 1467–1508) established in 1506 the principle of primogeniture in Bavaria. Albert also made Munich the capital of his duchy. Albert’s son William IV (reigned 1508–50) reunified Bavaria into one duchy in 1545. In 1546, however, Bavarian policy changed…

Albert l’Ouvrier was a French worker who became the workers’ representative in the provisional government and National Assembly of 1848; he was the first industrial workingman to enter a government in France. A Paris mechanic during the 1830s and a member of several secret societies, Albert was

Albert Lea, city, seat of Freeborn county, southern Minnesota, U.S. It lies about 90 miles (145 km) south of Minneapolis, just north of the Iowa state line. The city is situated on Fountain and Albert Lea lakes in an agricultural area. Settled in 1855 and named for the U.S. Army lieutenant who had

Albert Memorial, monument in Kensington Gardens, in the Greater London borough of Westminster. It stands near the southern boundary of the park, between Alexandra Gate and Queen’s Gate, just north of the Royal Albert Hall. The memorial honours Prince Albert (d. 1861), consort of Queen Victoria. It

Windsor Castle: Albert Memorial Chapel, built by Henry VII as a royal mausoleum, was restored by Queen Victoria and named in memory of her consort. In this chapel are buried George III, George IV, and William IV.

Lake Albert: …and published his experiences in The Albert N’yanza (1866). Romolo Gessi, an Italian soldier and explorer, circumnavigated it in 1876. Both Henry Morton Stanley and Mehmed Emin Paşa (Eduard Schnitzer) established forts on its shores.

Virunga National Park, park in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa). Created in 1925, it has an area of some 3,050 square miles (7,900 square km) and contains a vast diversity of habitats. The park’s southern tip rests on the northern shore of Lake Kivu, a short distance from

Albert Nile, the upper Nile River in northwestern Uganda. The Albert Nile issues from the north end of Lake Albert, just north of the mouth of the Victoria Nile. It flows 130 miles (210 km) north past Pakwach to the South Sudanese border at Nimule, where it becomes the Al-Jabal River, or Mountain

Glenn Close: In Albert Nobbs (2011), which she cowrote, Close starred as a woman who disguises herself as a man in order to find work in 19th-century Ireland; for her performance, she received a sixth Oscar nomination. She later played the leader of an intergalactic police force in…

Lake Albert, northernmost of the lakes in the Western Rift Valley, in east-central Africa, on the border between Congo (Kinshasa) and Uganda. In 1864 the lake was first visited by a European, Samuel Baker, who was seeking the sources of the Nile; he named it for Queen Victoria’s consort and

Albert of Aix was a canon of the church of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) and historian of the First Crusade. He gathered oral and written testaments of participants in the Crusade and provided a chronicle on the subject, the Historia expeditionis Hierosolymitanae (“History of the Expedition to

Albert of Aix was a canon of the church of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) and historian of the First Crusade. He gathered oral and written testaments of participants in the Crusade and provided a chronicle on the subject, the Historia expeditionis Hierosolymitanae (“History of the Expedition to

Albert was a margrave of Brandenburg, cardinal, and elector of Mainz, a liberal patron of the arts known chiefly as the object of the reformer Martin Luther’s attacks concerning the sale of indulgences. Albert was the younger son of John Cicero, elector of Brandenburg. Albert became archbishop of

Order of the Brothers of the Sword: …the third bishop of Livonia, Albert von Buxhoevden, founded the Order of the Brothers of the Sword, with the pope’s permission, as a permanent military body in Livonia to protect the church’s conquests and to forcibly convert the native pagan tribes to Christianity.

St. Albertus Magnus ; canonized December 16, 1931; feast day November 15) was a Dominican bishop and philosopher best known as a teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas and as a proponent of Aristotelianism at the University of Paris. He established the study of nature as a legitimate science within the

Albert Of Saxony was a German scholastic philosopher especially noted for his investigations into physics. He studied at Prague and then at the University of Paris, where he was a master of arts from 1351 to 1362 and rector in 1353. Most probably he is to be identified with the Albert of

Albert was the last grand master of the Teutonic Knights from 1510 to 1525, and the first duke of Prussia (from 1525). He was a Protestant German ruler known chiefly for ending the Teutonic Knights’ government of East Prussia and founding a hereditary dukedom in its place. Albert was the third son

St. Albertus Magnus ; canonized December 16, 1931; feast day November 15) was a Dominican bishop and philosopher best known as a teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas and as a proponent of Aristotelianism at the University of Paris. He established the study of nature as a legitimate science within the

Albert was a margrave of Brandenburg, cardinal, and elector of Mainz, a liberal patron of the arts known chiefly as the object of the reformer Martin Luther’s attacks concerning the sale of indulgences. Albert was the younger son of John Cicero, elector of Brandenburg. Albert became archbishop of

Margaret I: Rise to power.: …were defeated soon afterward by Albert of Mecklenburg, who bore the Swedish crown from 1364 to 1389. Haakon, however, succeeded in keeping his Norwegian kingdom, and it was there that Margaret spent her youth, under the tutelage of Märta Ulfsdotter, a daughter of the Swedish saint, Bridget. Margaret early displayed…

Albert Of Saxony was a German scholastic philosopher especially noted for his investigations into physics. He studied at Prague and then at the University of Paris, where he was a master of arts from 1351 to 1362 and rector in 1353. Most probably he is to be identified with the Albert of

Albert Of Saxony was a German scholastic philosopher especially noted for his investigations into physics. He studied at Prague and then at the University of Paris, where he was a master of arts from 1351 to 1362 and rector in 1353. Most probably he is to be identified with the Albert of

clarinet: The simple, or Albert, system, named for its Brussels maker, Eugène Albert, is a modernization of the earlier 13-key system of the clarinetist-builder Iwan Müller. It is used in German-speaking countries, with a complex accretion of auxiliary keywork but with conservative features in bore, mouthpiece, and reed (the…

Albert I was the first margrave of Brandenburg and founder of the Ascanian dynasties. He was one of the main leaders of 12th-century German expansion into eastern Europe. In 1123 Albert inherited Saxon estates between the Harz Mountains and the middle reaches of the Elbe River from his father, Otto