blow fly, (family Calliphoridae), any member in a family of insects in the fly order, Diptera, that are metallic blue, green, or black in colour and are noisy in flight. With an average size of 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 inch), they are slightly larger than houseflies but resemble them in habits. Among the

the Moonglows: …rhythm-and-blues vocal technique called “blow harmony,” through which each singer’s blown breath becomes part of a deeply resonant harmonic sound. Freed helped make the group one of the most significant early rock-and-roll acts, including them in many of his stage shows and in his motion pictures Rock, Rock, Rock…

blow molding, in glass production, method of forming an article of glass by blowing molten glass into a mold. This operation is performed with the aid of a hollow metal tube that has a mouthpiece at one end. A gob of molten glass gathered onto the opposite end of the tube is enlarged by a bubble of

Brian De Palma: The 1980s and ’90s: De Palma next made Blow Out (1981), a conspiracy-theory thriller based on his own original screenplay. A tribute to Michelangelo Antonioni’s Blow-Up (1966), it featured John Travolta as a sound-effects mixer who inadvertently records a car accident that seemingly causes the death of a politician. However, the audio suggests…

hognose snake, (genus Heterodon), any of up to five species of North American nonvenomous snakes belonging to the family Colubridae. The snake is named for its upturned snout, which it uses for digging. When threatened, it flattens its head and neck and then strikes with a loud hiss but rarely

Garson Kanin: Screenplays, theatrical work, and novels: Kanin also wrote novels, including Blow Up a Storm (1959), A Thousand Summers (1973), and Moviola (1979); Cast of Characters (1969), a collection of short stories; and nonfiction such as Tracy and Hepburn: An Intimate Memoir (1971), Hollywood (1974), and Together Again! The Stories of the Great Hollywood Teams (1981).…

John Blow was an organist and composer, remembered for his church music and for Venus and Adonis, which is regarded as the earliest surviving English opera. He was probably educated at the Magnus Song School in Nottinghamshire and in 1660 became a chorister at the Chapel Royal. He was appointed

Susan Blow was an American education reformer who was an ardent advocate of German educational ideas and who launched the first public kindergarten in the United States. Blow was reared in a deeply religious home. She was educated by tutors and at a private school in New York City. While traveling

Susan Blow was an American education reformer who was an ardent advocate of German educational ideas and who launched the first public kindergarten in the United States. Blow was reared in a deeply religious home. She was educated by tutors and at a private school in New York City. While traveling

James K. Baxter: Blow, Wind of Fruitfulness (1948), superficially a less attractive collection, was more profound. Recent Trends in New Zealand Poetry (1951) was his first critical work, its judgments revealing a maturity beyond his years. Later verse collections include The Fallen House (1953), the satirical Iron Breadboard…

Blow-Up, British-Italian thriller, released in 1966, that was the first full-length English-language film of Italian director Michelangelo Antonioni. It is one of the seminal films of the 1960s “mod” era. Blow-Up, which was inspired by a short story by Spanish writer Julio Cortázar, features David

machine gun: …by any of three ways: blowback, recoil, and gas operation.

puffer, any of about 90 species of fishes of the family Tetraodontidae, noted for their ability when disturbed to inflate themselves so greatly with air or water that they become globular in form. Puffers are found in warm and temperate regions around the world, primarily in the sea but also, in

blow fly, (family Calliphoridae), any member in a family of insects in the fly order, Diptera, that are metallic blue, green, or black in colour and are noisy in flight. With an average size of 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 inch), they are slightly larger than houseflies but resemble them in habits. Among the

blowgun, tubular weapon from which projectiles are forcefully propelled by human breath. Primarily for hunting, it is rarely used in warfare. Employed by Malaysians and other Southeast Asian aboriginals, in southern India and Sri Lanka, in Madagascar (Malagasy Republic), in northwestern South

steel: Solidification processes: …cavity, but there are many blowholes in the centre that normally weld together during hot-rolling. Low-carbon steel, because of its higher dissolved oxygen content, is often cast this way and is called rimmed steel. Normally, rimmed steel is cast into a big-end-down mold, as shown in B in the figure,…

sea cave: Holes, commonly known as blowholes, may eventually be forced through the roof of the cave to allow the pressure created by each wave to be released as a jet of spray.

Bob Dylan: Blowin’ in the Wind and The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan: …his first major composition, “Blowin’ in the Wind,” served notice that this was no cookie-cutter recording artist. About this time, Dylan signed a seven-year management contract with Albert Grossman, who soon replaced Hammond with another Columbia producer, Tom Wilson.

foamed plastic: …are produced by incorporating a blowing agent that decomposes at the fusion point of the plastic, releasing gas bubbles that are trapped during the gelling. Foams with an open-cell structure are produced by incorporating an inert gas into the resin under pressure and then releasing the mixture to the atmosphere…

blowing engine, Machine for pumping air into a furnace. Bellows driven by a waterwheel were the earliest form of blowing engine, later replaced by reciprocating pumps driven by steam or gas engines and by turbo-blowers. A modern blast furnace requires an enormous blowing

Carrie Underwood: Carnival Ride, Cry Pretty, and Denim & Rhinestones: She returned in 2012 with Blown Away, a polished collection of songs that showcased her vocal versatility. It was her third release to top the Billboard album chart, and in 2013 its title track earned her another Grammy Award.

glassware: After the War of 1812: …made there in the so-called blown three-mold technique, in which decorative designs adapted from cut-glass patterns of the period were impressed in the glass by blowing in molds hinged in two, three, or more sections. More than 400 different molds have been determined and grouped according to pattern under three…

tunnels and underground excavations: Water control: Otherwise, a blowout could occur, depressurizing the tunnel and possibly losing the heading as soil enters. Compressed air greatly increases operating costs, partly because a large compressor plant is needed, with standby equipment to insure against loss of pressure and partly because of the slow movement of…

deflation: …to deflation may result in deflation hollows or blowouts. These may range from 3 m (10 feet) in diameter and less than a metre deep to several kilometres in diameter and several hundred metres in depth. The Big Hollow in Wyoming was formed by deflation and is 14.5 km (9…

Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Leaking oil: … attempted to activate the rig’s blowout preventer (BOP), a fail-safe mechanism designed to close the channel through which oil was drawn, the device malfunctioned. Forensic analysis of the BOP completed the following year determined that a set of massive blades known as blind shear rams—designed to slice through the pipe…

Rachel Maddow: In Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth (2019), she posited that the gas and oil industry was undermining democracy. Maddow’s next book, Bag Man: The Wild Crimes, Audacious Cover-Up, and Spectacular Downfall of a Brazen Crook in the…

rocket and missile system: Passive: Stinger and British Blowpipe proved effective against Soviet aircraft and helicopters in Afghanistan, as did the U.S. Redeye in Central America.

blowpipe, a small tubular instrument for directing a jet of air or other gas into a flame in order to concentrate and increase the flame’s heat. A blowpipe is usually operated directly by mouth, but a small bellows may also be used. In mineralogy, the blowpipe technique for analyzing ores was

blowgun, tubular weapon from which projectiles are forcefully propelled by human breath. Primarily for hunting, it is rarely used in warfare. Employed by Malaysians and other Southeast Asian aboriginals, in southern India and Sri Lanka, in Madagascar (Malagasy Republic), in northwestern South

Léon Bloy was a French novelist, critic, and polemicist, a fervent Roman Catholic convert who preached spiritual revival through suffering and poverty. As spiritual mentor to a group of friends that included the writer Joris-Karl Huysmans, philosopher Jacques Maritain, and painter Georges Rouault,

Barbados: Barbados since independence: …intervals, the DLP and the Barbados Labour Party (BLP) have alternated in leading the government. In November 2021 Barbados became a republic, replacing Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state with the country’s newly elected president, Dame Sandra Mason.

Blu-ray, optical disc data-storage format that is most often used for playback of high-definition (HD) video. Blu-ray represents the third generation of compact disc (CD) technology, after audio CDs and digital video discs (DVDs). In all three technologies, data is stored on a plastic disc 120

whale: Blubber serves as an insulating layer to protect small whales from hypothermia. Large whales have the opposite problem in that they can produce too much heat; they possess elaborate thermoregulation mechanisms to prevent overheating.

World War I: The Western Front, March–September 1918: Ludendorff finally launched “Blücher” on May 27, on a front extending from Coucy, north of Soissons, eastward toward Reims. The Germans, with 15 divisions, suddenly attacked the seven French and British divisions opposing them, swarmed over the ridge of the Chemin des Dames and across the Aisne River,…

nap: …tricks for doubled stakes), and blücher (five tricks for redoubled stakes). Wellington may only follow a bid of nap and blücher a bid of wellington.

George Stephenson: …of Killingworth, he built the Blucher, an engine that drew eight loaded wagons carrying 30 tons of coal at 4 miles (6 km) per hour. Not satisfied, he sought to improve his locomotive’s power and introduced the “steam blast,” by which exhaust steam was redirected up the chimney, pulling air…

Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Fürst (prince) von Wahlstatt was a Prussian field marshal and a commander during the Napoleonic Wars, who was important in the Allied victory at Waterloo. Blücher enlisted in the Swedish cavalry in 1756 and served until he was captured in 1760 by the Prussians, for

China: KMT opposition to radicals: Blücher, who used the pseudonym Galen in China, was a commander in the Red Army who had worked with Chiang in 1924 and 1925 in developing the Whampoa Military Academy and forming the National Revolutionary Army. Blücher returned to Guangzhou in May and helped refine plans for the Northern Expedition,…

Bludenz, town, western Austria. It lies along the Ill River about 60 miles (100 km) east-southeast of Zürich, Switz. First mentioned in 830, it was fortified in the 13th century and had received town rights by 1296. It passed to the Habsburgs in 1394. Notable landmarks include the St. Laurentius

quark: Quark colours: The colours red, green, and blue are ascribed to quarks, and their opposites, antired, antigreen, and antiblue, are ascribed to antiquarks. According to QCD, all combinations of quarks must contain mixtures of these imaginary colours that cancel out one another, with the resulting particle having no net colour. A baryon,…

Joni Mitchell: Clouds, Blue, Big Yellow Taxi, and Woodstock: …of the Canyon (1970) to Blue (1971), which was her first million-selling album. By the early 1970s Mitchell had branched out from her acoustic base to experiment with pop, rock, and jazz, notably on Court and Spark (1974), which ultimately became her best-selling album. The Hissing of Summer Lawns (1975)…

Krzysztof Kieślowski: …the French flag: Bleu (1993; Blue), Blanc (1994; White), and Rouge (1994; Red); respectively, they explored the themes of liberty, equality, and fraternity. The films were released several months apart and, although each can stand on its own, they were designed to be seen as a single entity. One theme,…

blue, in physics, light in the wavelength range of 450–495 nanometres in the visible spectrum. After violet, blue is the spectral region with the shortest wavelengths discernible to the human eye. In art, blue is a colour on the conventional colour wheel, located between green and violet and

the Rolling Stones: Documentaries, later music, and awards: …studio album in 11 years, Blue & Lonesome, an assemblage of Chicago blues covers that won the Grammy Award for best traditional blues album. This was the second album by the band to win a Grammy and came more than two decades after the first, when Voodoo Lounge (1994) took…

Agavoideae: Some species of Agave, notably A. tequilana, contain a sap that is fermented to produce alcoholic drinks, including tequila and mescal (mezcal).

macaw: One species, the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), has been recorded eating at least 20 species of plants, including many toxic to humans. In Manú National Park in Peru, the members of five macaw species converge by the hundreds at mineral-rich riverbanks to eat the clay there, which may…

Blue Mountains: …Mountains to the west, form Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park. In 2015 the Blue and John Crow mountains were collectively designated a mixed (cultural and natural) UNESCO World Heritage site. They were cited for their biodiversity and for their role in Jamaica’s history as a place of shelter…

Yair Lapid: Political career: …Israel Resilience Party to form Blue and White, a list that included a powerhouse of well-known figures from Israel’s defense establishment. According to the alliance agreement, the post of prime minister would rotate between Gantz and Lapid. While Blue and White tied Netanyahu’s Likud with 35 seats, no coalition could…

Josef von Sternberg: Films with Dietrich: Der blaue Engel (1930; The Blue Angel), filmed simultaneously in German and in English, was a raw portrait of sexual degradation in which a distinguished professor (Jannings) is brought low by his obsession with the sultry nightclub singer Lola Lola (Marlene Dietrich in her breakthrough role).

Blue Angels, U.S. Navy fighter aircraft squadron that stages aerobatic performances at air shows and other events throughout the United States and around the world. The squadron, whose performances benefit public relations and recruitment, includes five U.S. Naval aviators and one U.S. Marine

crocidolite, a gray-blue to leek-green, fibrous form of the amphibole mineral riebeckite. It has a greater tensile strength than chrysotile asbestos but is much less heat-resistant, fusing to black glass at relatively low temperatures. The major commercial source is South Africa, where it occurs in

ash: Major species: …of eastern North America, the blue ash (F. quadrangulata) of the Midwest, and the Oregon ash (F. latifolia) of the Pacific Northwest furnish wood of comparable quality that is used for furniture, interior paneling, and barrels, among other purposes. The Mexican ash (F. uhdei), a broad-crowned tree that is widely…

tetralogy of Fallot, combination of congenital heart defects characterized by hypoxic spells (which include difficulty in breathing and alterations in consciousness), a change in the shape of the fingertips (digital clubbing), heart murmur, and cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin that

Lana Del Rey: Later singles and albums: … came out in March, and Blue Banisters followed in October. Her next project, Did You Know That There’s a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd (2023), explores new themes such as aging and grief. (Del Rey’s uncle died in 2016 while she was away on tour.) The album became her most critically…

Trinidad and Tobago: Relief and drainage: …spectacular of which are the Blue Basin Falls and the Maracas Falls, both 298 feet (91 metres) high. On the southern side of the range, foothills with an elevation of approximately 500 feet (150 metres) descend to the Northern Plain.

Alicia Vikander: …and the Green Knight, and Blue Bayou, in which she was cast as the American wife of a Korean American immigrant who is facing deportation. In 2022 Vikander starred in the TV miniseries Irma Vep, an adaptation of the 1996 movie; in the dramedy, she played an American actress who…

hornbeam: Major species: The American hornbeam (C. caroliniana) is also known as water beech and blue beech, the latter for its blue-gray bark. It seldom reaches 12 metres (39 feet), although some trees in the southern United States may grow to 18 metres (59 feet) tall. The smooth trunk…

The Blue Bird, play for children by Maurice Maeterlinck, published as L’Oiseau bleu in 1908. In a fairy-tale-like setting, Tyltyl and Mytyl, the son and daughter of a poor woodcutter, are sent out by the Fairy Bérylune to search the world for the Blue Bird of Happiness. After many adventures, they

colour blindness: Types of colour blindness: …blue-yellow colour blindness are known: tritanopia (blindness to blue, usually with the inability to distinguish between blue and yellow), which occurs when blue cones are absent; and tritanomaly (reduced sensitivity to blue), which arises from the abnormal function of blue cones.

theatre: The propagandist theatre: …of Moscow actors formed the Blue Blouses, a company named for the workers’ overalls its members wore as their basic costume. This group inspired the formation of other professional and amateur factory groups throughout the Soviet Union. Their work and methods set the standard for political theatre groups in other…

John Birch Society: …Book (1959; also published as The Blue Book of the John Birch Society), a transcript of Welch’s presentation at the organization’s founding meeting in 1958, outlines the nature and purposes of the society. Its headquarters are in Appleton, Wis.

The Blue Book, annually revised publication listing notable persons in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States; those listed are considered leaders of the English-speaking world in the arts and sciences, business, government, and the professions. It is

blue butterfly, (subfamily Polyommatinae), any member of a group of insects in the widely distributed Lycaenidae family of common butterflies (order Lepidoptera). Adults are small and delicate, with a wingspan of 18 to 38 mm (0.75 inch to 1.5 inches). They are rapid fliers and are usually

cardinal flower: …siphilitica) is sometimes called the blue cardinal and has blue or whitish flowers.

chaffinch: blue, chaffinch (F. teydea) is similar.

blue cheese, any of several cheeses marbled with bluish or greenish veins of mold. Important trademarked varieties include English Stilton, French Roquefort, and Italian Gorgonzola. Most blue cheeses are made from cow’s milk, but Roquefort is made from the milk of the ewe. Spores of species

blue chip, stock of a large, long-established, and well-financed company, regarded as a sound investment and usually selling at a high price relative to its earnings. Such companies are known for slow but stable growth in their earnings and dividends and are, therefore, favoured by conservative

William Friedkin: …success with the basketball drama Blue Chips (1994), which stars Nick Nolte and NBA star Shaquille O’Neal. However, his next film, Jade (1995), was almost universally panned. The over-the-top erotic thriller stars David Caruso as an assistant district attorney whose investigation into a high-profile murder begins to point toward his…

charity school, type of English elementary school that emerged in the early 18th century to educate the children of the poor. They became the foundation of 19th-century English elementary education. Supported by private contributions and usually operated by a religious body, these schools clothed

Fabergé egg: …encrusted mechanical elephant) and the Blue Constellation Egg (glass shell resting on a base of rock crystals fashioned as clouds)—when the February Revolution occurred. Nicholas abdicated in March, and the eggs were never delivered. The House of Fabergé was soon seized by the revolutionary government, and Fabergé himself fled to…

cnidarian: Annotated classification: Order Helioporacea (Coenothecalia) Blue coral. Massive lobed calcareous skeleton. Tropical; 1 Caribbean and 1 Indo-West Pacific species. Order Pennatulacea Sea pens and sea pansies. Fleshy, always dimorphic, unbranched colonies, with 1 axial polyp and many lateral ones. Polyp-free peduncle burrows into soft sediments; polyp-bearing distal end of the…

blue crab, (genus Callinectes), any of a genus of crustaceans of the order Decapoda (phylum Arthropoda), particularly Callinectes sapidus and C. hastatus, common edible crabs of the western Atlantic coast that are prized as delicacies. Their usual habitat is muddy shores, bays, and estuaries. The

insurance: Group health insurance: , the Blue Cross–Blue Shield plans and health maintenance organizations [HMOs] in the United States), which resemble the above plans in most respects but are not operated by insurance companies. These plans often indemnify the hospital or the physician, on the basis of services performed, rather than…

The Blue Dahlia, American film noir, released in 1946, that featured the popular pairing of actors Alan Ladd and Veronica Lake. The screenplay was written by novelist Raymond Chandler, who earned an Academy Award nomination. Johnny Morrison (played by Ladd) is a no-nonsense American navy veteran

The Blue Danube, Op. 314, waltz by Austrian composer Johann Strauss the Younger, created in 1867. The work epitomizes the symphonic richness and variety of Strauss’s dance music, which earned him acclaim as the “waltz king,” and it has become the best-known of his many dance pieces. The Blue Danube

bugloss: Viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare), also known as blue devil or blue weed, has bright-blue flowers and grows to a height of about 90 cm (35 inches). It is a bristly European plant that has become naturalized in North America. Purple viper’s bugloss (E. plantagineum) is…

Mike Krzyzewski: while leading the Duke University Blue Devils to five national championships (1991, 1992, 2001, 2010, and 2015) and 13 Final Four (championship semifinals) berths.

iminoglycinuria: …specific amino acids include the tryptophan malabsorption syndrome (or “blue diaper syndrome”), and the methionine malabsorption syndrome (or “oasthouse urine disease”). They are characterized by poor absorption of the amino acids tryptophan and methionine, respectively, from the small intestine. For other hereditary disorders of amino acid transport, see also cystinuria;…

discus fish: discus and S. aequifasciata) occur naturally in tributaries of the Amazon River in South America. Discus fish have an unusual form of parental care: the adults secrete a mucuslike substance onto their skin that provides nourishment for the young. Some reports indicate that both parents are involved…

Gabby Giffords: …she allied herself with the Blue Dog Coalition of fiscally conservative Democrats, she supported many of the economic policies of Pres. Barack Obama. While she was a vocal advocate of immigration reform—her congressional district bordered Mexico—she opposed a particularly stringent Arizona law enacted in 2010 that targeted illegal immigrants. Additionally,…

anseriform: Anatomy: The blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) has a rounded, expanded tip to the bill, which probably protects it when poking around sharp pebbles. The pochards have fewer lamellae and a narrower bill than the dabbling ducks. In the mergansers the lamellae have become toothlike projections in the…

duiker: …ranges from that of the blue duiker (C. monticola), one of the smallest antelopes, only 36 cm (14 inches) high at the shoulder and weighing about 5 kg (11 pounds), to that of the yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor), up to 87 cm (34 inches) high at the shoulder and weighing…

the Jayhawks: …on the band’s second album, Blue Earth (1989), released on the local Twin/Tone label. The Jayhawks began earning comparisons to the Byrds and country rock pioneers the Flying Burrito Brothers, partly because of Olson’s vocal resemblance to Gram Parsons, the Burritos’ front man. With Blue Earth, the Jayhawks became prime…

elderberry: Major species and uses: …species of elderberry include the blue, or Mexican, elder (S. caerulea), which grows to 15 metres (48 feet) and has deep blue or purple fruits; it is found in western North America. European red elder (S. racemosa), native from northern Europe to North China, has round clusters of scarlet berries…

ensign: …are entitled to fly the blue ensign. Certain other vessels, not of the Royal Navy but owned by the British government, also use the blue ensign.

Elton John: …to Frank Sinatra ballads (“Blue Eyes” [1982]) to 1950s rock and roll (“Crocodile Rock” [1972]) to Philadelphia soul (“Philadelphia Freedom” [1975]). He also demonstrated deeper musical ambitions in longer works such as “Burn Down the Mission” on Tumbleweed Connection (1971) and “Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies

Willie Nelson: Outlaw country movement and mainstream success: …featured the hit song “Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain,” Nelson became one of the most popular performers in country music. During this period he also established what would become a lifelong friendship with Pres. Jimmy Carter.

fescue: Blue fescue (F. glauca) has smooth silvery leaves and is commonly planted in ornamental borders. Red fescue (F. rubra) is used in lawn grass mixtures.

Iridaceae: Major genera and species: …Eurasia and North Africa; the blue flag (I. versicolor) occupies similar habitats in North America. Blackberry lily (I. domestica, formerly Belamcanda chinensis) is native to East Asia and is grown for its red-spotted orange flowers. Members of Iris also yield orrisroot (a substance used in the manufacture of perfumes, soaps,…

the blue flower, in literary works, a mystic symbol of longing. The lichtblaue Blume first appeared in a dream to the hero of Novalis’s fragmentary novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen (1802), who associates it with the woman he loves from afar. The blue flower became a widely recognized symbol among the

Die Blaue Vier, successor group of Der Blaue Reiter (“The Blue Rider”; 1911–14), formed in 1924 in Germany by the Russian artists Alexey von Jawlensky and Wassily Kandinsky, the Swiss artist Paul Klee, and the American-born artist Lyonel Feininger. At the time of the group’s formation, Kandinsky,

Fritz Lang: Films of the 1950s: The Blue Gardenia (1953), featuring Anne Baxter as a woman accused of murdering a lecher (Raymond Burr), was a neatly plotted film noir, but it caused much less of a stir than Lang’s other film of 1953, The Big Heat. That film unleashed the raw…

supercomputer: Historical development: …2004 a prototype of IBM’s Blue Gene/L, with 8,192 processing nodes, reached a speed of about 36 TFLOPS, just exceeding the speed of the Earth Simulator. Following two doublings in the number of its processors, the ASCI Blue Gene/L, installed in 2005 at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, Calif., became…

snow goose: The lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) breeds in the Arctic and usually migrates to California and Japan. The greater snow goose (C.c. atlantica) breeds in northwestern Greenland and nearby islands and winters on the east coast of the United States from Chesapeake Bay to North…

gourami: …red and blue; and the three-spot, or blue, gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus or Trichogaster trichopterus), a dark-spotted, silvery or blue species. The kissing gourami, or kissing fish (Helostoma temmincki), a greenish or pinkish white fish noted for its “kissing” activities, is a popular food fish and common in home aquariums.

grassland: Biota: …a short-grass steppe dominated by Bouteloua gracilis and Buchloe dactyloides; and to the east, to a tall-grass prairie with the bluestem grasses Andropogon gerardii and A. scoparium. Trees and shrubs were generally absent, but a large variety of herbaceous plants occurred with the grasses.

Bill Monroe: Bill’s second band, the Blue Grass Boys (his first, called the Kentuckians, played together for only three months), auditioned for the Grand Ole Opry on radio station WSM in Nashville, Tenn., and became regular performers on that program in 1939.

August Kopisch: …rediscovered, with Ernst Fries, the Blue Grotto at Capri, which, though known in Roman times, had been forgotten for centuries. Upon his return to Germany he received a pension from the Prussian crown prince. An injury to his hand ended his career as a painter, and in 1847 he was…

kimberlite, a dark-coloured, heavy, often altered and brecciated (fragmented), intrusive igneous rock that contains diamonds in its rock matrix. It has a porphyritic texture, with large, often rounded crystals (phenocrysts) surrounded by a fine-grained matrix (groundmass). It is a mica peridotite,

grouse: …of evergreen forests is the blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus), a big, dark bird, plainer and longer-tailed than the spruce grouse and heavier than the ruffed grouse.