Anna Atkins: …she was interested in the cyanotype process devised by Herschel in 1842, which can produce an image by what is commonly called sun-printing. The substance to be recorded is laid on paper impregnated with ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide. When exposed to sunlight and then washed in plain water…

Cleveland Guardians, American professional baseball team based in Cleveland that plays in the American League (AL). Since it began playing as a major league team in Cleveland in 1901, it has won six AL pennants and two World Series titles, the first in 1920 and the second in 1948. It changed its

blues, secular folk music created by African Americans in the early 20th century, originally in the South. The simple but expressive forms of the blues became by the 1960s one of the most important influences on the development of popular music—namely, jazz, rhythm and blues, rock, and country

Justinian I: Internal policy of Justinian I: …as the Greens and the Blues united and attacked and set fire to the city prefect’s office and public buildings, as well as to part of the imperial palace and the Church of the Holy Wisdom adjoining it. Then they gathered in the hippodrome, calling for the dismissal of the…

B.B. King: King’s autobiography, Blues All Around Me, written with David Ritz, was published in 1996. King was the recipient of numerous awards and honours. He was a member of the inaugural class of inductees to the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980. In 1987 he earned a Grammy…

Billy Preston: He appeared in the film Blues Brothers 2000 (1998) and was a guest performer on Johnny Cash’s 2002 album American IV: The Man Comes Around, on Ray Charles’s Genius Loves Company (2004), and on the Red Hot Chili Peppers album Stadium Arcadium

The Blues Brothers, American musical comedy film, released in 1980, that was directed by John Landis and stars actors John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd. The movie centers on musicians and brothers “Joliet” Jake Blues (Belushi) and Elwood Blues (Aykroyd), who are reunited after Jake is released from

Blues for Mister Charlie, tragedy in three acts by James Baldwin, produced and published in 1964. A denunciation of racial bigotry and hatred, the play was based on a murder trial that took place in Mississippi in 1955. “Mister Charlie” is a slang term for a white man. Baldwin dedicated the play to

Willie Dixon: …was the founder of the Blues Heaven Foundation, a nonprofit organization designed to benefit destitute blues performers and provide scholarships to young musicians. His autobiography is entitled I Am the Blues (1989). Dixon was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980 and into the Rock and Roll Hall…

Anatole Litvak: The Hollywood years: In 1941 Litvak also directed Blues in the Night, an ambitious but ultimately inadequate drama about the stressful lives of jazz musicians and their girlfriends.

Amiri Baraka: Among Baraka’s other works are Blues People: Negro Music in White America (1963), Black Magic: Collected Poetry 1961–1967 (1969), The Autobiography of LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka (1984), and the piercing Tales of the Out & Gone (2006), a fictional social commentary. Baraka taught at Columbia, Yale University, and, from 1979, at…

Blood, Sweat & Tears: Al Kooper: …the seminal blues rock group the Blues Project in the mid-1960s. Kooper also provided distinctive organ work on Bob Dylan’s Highway 61 Revisited (1965), was in the backing band when Dylan “went electric” at the Newport Folk Festival in 1965, and made significant contributions to Dylan’s Blonde on Blonde (1966)…

Houston A. Baker, Jr.: In Blues, Ideology, and Afro-American Literature (1984), he discussed the dominant African American musical idiom both as a synthesis of traditional and modern black responses to life and as a vernacular paradigm for American culture as a whole.

Chelsea FC, English professional football (soccer) team based in the Hammersmith and Fulham borough of London. Chelsea Football Club (FC), nicknamed “the Blues,” is one of the world’s richest, biggest, and most-supported football clubs. It is known for its star players and an offensive style of

amphibole: Regional metamorphic rocks: …high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphic rocks called blueschists, which have a blue colour imparted by the glaucophane. Blueschists have basaltic bulk compositions and may also contain riebeckite. The latter also may occur in regional metamorphic schists. Tremolite-actinolite and the sheet-silicate chlorite are the principal minerals in the low-to-moderate temperature and pressure greenschist…

glaucophane facies, one of the major divisions of the mineral facies classification of metamorphic rocks, the rocks of which, because of their peculiar mineralogy, suggest formation conditions of high pressure and relatively low temperature; such conditions are not typical of the normal geothermal

Blueshirt, popular name for a member of the Army Comrades Association (ACA), who wore blue shirts in imitation of the European fascist movements that had adopted coloured shirts as their uniforms. Initially composed of former soldiers in the Irish Free State Army, the ACA was founded in response to

Bluesky is a social media app where users post short messages of up to 300 characters, known as microblogging (similar to a tweet). Bluesky started in 2019 as a project within Twitter, led by then-CEO Jack Dorsey, that was intended to give users more control over how their content was shared and

Bluesky is a social media app where users post short messages of up to 300 characters, known as microblogging (similar to a tweet). Bluesky started in 2019 as a project within Twitter, led by then-CEO Jack Dorsey, that was intended to give users more control over how their content was shared and

The Bluest Eye, debut novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison, published in 1970. Set in Morrison’s hometown of Lorain, Ohio, in 1940–41, the novel tells the tragic story of Pecola Breedlove, an African American girl from an abusive home. Eleven-year-old Pecola equates beauty and social

Operation Blue Star, Indian military operation in June 1984 ordered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to root out a group of militant Sikh separatists who had occupied the Golden Temple, the Sikhs’ holiest shrine. The leader of the group was Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, a Sikh fundamentalist who

bluestem, (genus Andropogon), genus of approximately 100 species of grasses in the family Poaceae. Bluestems are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical zones and can be annual or perennial. Several species are grown as hay and forage plants. Bluestem grasses are coarse, sometimes tufted

Bluestocking, any of a group of women who in mid-18th-century England held “conversations” to which they invited men of letters and members of the aristocracy with literary interests. The word has come to be applied derisively to a woman who affects literary or learned interests. The Bluestockings

Stonehenge: …remote origin of its smaller bluestones (igneous and other rocks) from 100–150 miles (160–240 km) away, in South Wales. The name of the monument probably derives from the Saxon stan-hengen, meaning “stone hanging” or “gallows.” Along with more than 350 nearby monuments and henges (ancient earthworks consisting of a circular…

Stonehenge: First stage: 3000–2935 bce: …in diameter and known as Bluestonehenge, was built on the bank of the River Avon over 1 mile (1.6 km) from the Aubrey Holes. Found by the Stonehenge Riverside Project in 2009, it consisted of about 25 Welsh bluestones and may have been used for cremating and removing the flesh…

bluethroat, (Erithacus svecicus or Luscinia svecica), Eurasian chat-thrush of the thrush family, Turdidae (order Passeriformes). The bluethroat is aobut 14 centimetres (5 12 inches) long and has a bright blue throat, incorporating a crescentic spot of red or white, depending on the subspecies.

coonhound: The bluetick is mottled blue-gray with black and reddish brown markings; it is characterized as a swift, active, and diligent hunter. The Plott hound, typically an alert, confident hunter, is brindle, with or without a black saddle marking on its back. The treeing walker, descended from…

Bluetooth, technology standard used to enable short-range wireless communication between electronic devices. Bluetooth was developed in the late 1990s and soon achieved massive popularity in consumer devices. In 1998 Ericsson, the Swedish manufacturer of mobile telephones, assembled a consortium of

10 Must-Read Modern Poets: Maggie Nelson: …most beloved work, however, is Bluets (2009). The genre-defying book explores love and heartbreak through 240 prose poems that meditate on the color blue.

Quincy, city, seat (1825) of Adams county, western Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River, there bridged to Missouri, about 140 miles (225 km) northwest of St. Louis. Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo Indians were early inhabitants of the area. Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet stopped at what

Guion Bluford is an astronaut who was the first African American launched into space. Bluford received an undergraduate degree in aerospace engineering from Pennsylvania State University in 1964 and was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Air Force, where he trained as a fighter pilot. He flew

Guion Bluford is an astronaut who was the first African American launched into space. Bluford received an undergraduate degree in aerospace engineering from Pennsylvania State University in 1964 and was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Air Force, where he trained as a fighter pilot. He flew

Frank O’Hara: Poetry: …in collaboration with the artist Norman Bluhm in 1960.) The results vary from the merely idiosyncratic to the dynamic and humorous. Among his best-known poems is “The Day Lady Died,” a tribute to jazz singer Billie Holiday.

wind instrument: Trumpet-type aerophones: …1815, either Heinrich Stölzel or Friedrich Blühmel, both of Berlin, invented the valved orchestral horn. When the valve was opened by depressing a key, it deflected the airstream into extra tubing, changing the effective length of the tube and lowering its pitch. The two valves of the original valved horns…

rock cress: The bluish rock cress (A. caerulea) is an alpine perennial only 10 cm (4 inches) tall, with pale purple flowers. Many North American rock cress species have been reassigned to the genus Boechera.

Brat Pack: New York magazine and the Brat Pack label: …by New York magazine writer David Blum in a profile of several up-and-coming actors published in June 1985. That spring, Blum flew from New York City to Los Angeles to interview Emilio Estevez, a son of Martin Sheen and brother of Charlie Sheen (both of whom are also actors). Estevez…

Judy Sheindlin is an American jurist and television personality who was best known for the show Judge Judy (1996–2021). Blum earned (1963) a Bachelor of Arts degree from American University, Washington, D.C. She was the only woman in her graduating class at New York Law School, New York City, when

Léon Blum was the first Socialist (and the first Jewish) premier of France, presiding over the Popular Front coalition government in 1936–37. Blum was born into an Alsatian Jewish family. Educated at the École Normale Supérieure, he proceeded to study law at the Sorbonne, graduating in 1894 with

Manuel Blum is a Venezuelan-born American mathematician and computer scientist and winner of the 1995 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, in “recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program

Colonel W. de Basil: …in 1932 became codirector with René Blum of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. He lost the celebrated premier danseur Léonide Massine and several other dancers to Blum, who, with a U.S. sponsoring agency (World Art), reorganized the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo with Massine as director. De Basil then…

Algeria: Nationalist movements: One such effort, the Blum-Viollette proposal (named for the French premier and the former governor-general of Algeria), was introduced during the Popular Front government in France (1936–37). It would have allowed a very small number of Algerians to obtain full French citizenship without forcing them to relinquish their right…

Baruch S. Blumberg was an American research physician whose discovery of an antigen that provokes antibody response against hepatitis B led to the development by other researchers of a successful vaccine against the disease. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1976 with D.

Baruch S. Blumberg was an American research physician whose discovery of an antigen that provokes antibody response against hepatitis B led to the development by other researchers of a successful vaccine against the disease. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1976 with D.

Paul Mazursky: Directing: …big screen until 1973, when Blume in Love was released. The film, which he wrote—his first without Tucker—and directed, was a penetrating marital farce. It starred George Segal as a Los Angeles divorce lawyer desperate to win back his ex-wife (Susan Anspach), who has begun dating a laid-back musician (Kris…

Claire Bloom is an English dramatic actress noted for her moving portrayals of Shakespearean heroines. She appeared on stage, in television, and in motion pictures. Bloom studied at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London. At age 14 she tried out for the part of Juliet with the

Judy Blume is an American author known for creating juvenile fiction that features people and situations identifiable to young readers. While her frankness, first-person narratives, and ability to portray the concerns of her audience with humor made her a remarkably popular and award-winning

Blumenau, city, eastern Santa Catarina estado (state), southern Brazil, located on the Itajaí River at 46 feet (14 metres) above sea level. Founded in 1852 by German colonists, it draws large crowds of tourists for an annual Oktoberfest that is often more animated than its Bavarian counterpart. The

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach was a German anthropologist, physiologist, and comparative anatomist, frequently called the father of physical anthropology, who proposed one of the earliest classifications of the races of mankind. He joined the faculty of the University of Göttingen in 1776, publishing

Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler was an Austrian-born American pianist noted for her formidable technique and extensive repertoire. Fannie Blumenfeld immigrated with her family to the United States in 1867. Showing considerable talent as a pianist, she made her public debut in February 1875. Encouraged by

molecular gastronomy: Critics of molecular gastronomy: …chefs such as Adrià and Blumenthal have been media darlings since early in their careers and their respective establishments—elBulli in Catalonia, Spain (closed in 2011), and The Fat Duck in Berkshire, England, respectively—have routinely been ranked among the greatest restaurants ever opened, both chefs have been criticized and mocked for…

Leonhard, count von Blumenthal was a Prussian field marshal active in the wars that founded the German Empire. He entered the guard as second lieutenant in 1827 and took part in 1848 in the suppression of the Berlin riots. In 1849 he served on the staff of General von Bonin in the

Ayn Rand: The Collective and the Nathaniel Branden Institute: …to meet a young admirer, Nathan Blumenthal, on the basis of his several articulate fan letters. The two established an immediate rapport, and Blumenthal and his girlfriend, Barbara Weidman, became Rand’s friends as well as her intellectual followers. In 1951 the couple moved to New York, and Rand and O’Connor…

Richard Blumenthal is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2010 and began representing Connecticut the following year. Blumenthal was born in Brooklyn to well-to-do parents; his father was a prominent commodities broker. The younger Blumenthal enrolled at

collective behavior: Publics and masses: Blumer defines the public as “a group of people who (a) are confronted by an issue, (b) are divided in their ideas as to how to meet the issue, and (c) engage in discussion over the issue.” Another important difference is that the product of…

Christianity: Healing the sick: His son, Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt (1842–1919), continued his father’s work and in sympathy with working-class needs entered politics as a member of the Württemberg Diet. Since the latter part of the 19th century, different groups of the Pentecostal and charismatic movements have revived the use of exorcistic…

Christianity: Healing the sick: …Pietistic circles exorcists such as Johann Christoph Blumhardt the Elder (1805–80) have appeared. With the motto “Jesus is Conquerer,” Blumhardt transformed his healing centre at Bad Boll, in Germany, into an influential resource for international missionary work. His son, Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt (1842–1919), continued his father’s work and in sympathy…

squash rackets: History: …American and Australian titles; and Heather McKay (née Blundell), the Australian who won the British women’s championship from 1961–62 to 1976–77, as well as other championships.

blood group: Historical background: …by the activities of obstetrician James Blundell, whose humanitarian instincts had been aroused by the frequently fatal outcome of hemorrhage occurring after childbirth. He insisted that it was better to use human blood for transfusion in such cases.

Edmund Charles Blunden was a poet, critic, scholar, and man of letters, whose verses in the traditional mode are known for their rich and knowledgeable expression of rural English life. Long a teacher in the Far East, he showed in his later poetry Oriental influences, as in A Hong Kong House

blunderbuss, short, muzzle-loading shoulder weapon, usually a flintlock, with a wide smooth bore flared at the muzzle to a maximum width of about 4 inches (10 centimetres). The flaring was intended to scatter the shot at very close range, an effect that later scientific experiments showed did not

Jack White: …released his first solo album, Blunderbuss (2012), which extended his stylistic reach and deepened his songwriting craft. The follow-up, Lazaretto (2014), garnered mostly glowing reviews. His devotion to vinyl recordings was especially evident on the latter album—an ambitious mix of familiar and unexpected musical approaches—which incorporated a raft of technical…

Molière: Early life and beginnings in theater: …L’Étourdi; ou, les contretemps (The Blunderer; or, The Mishaps), performed at Lyon in 1655, and Le Dépit amoureux (The Amorous Quarrel), performed at Béziers in 1656.

Ranulf de Blundeville, 6th earl of Chester was the most celebrated of the early earls of Chester, with whom the family fortunes reached their peak. Ranulf succeeded his father Hugh de Kevelioc (1147–81), son of Ranulf, the 4th earl, in 1181 and was created Earl of Lincoln in 1217. He married

David Blunkett is a British Labour Party politician who served as home secretary (2001–04) and secretary of work and pensions (2005) in the Labour government of Tony Blair. Blunkett, who was blind from birth, was brought up in poverty after his father died in an industrial accident at work. He was

David Blunkett is a British Labour Party politician who served as home secretary (2001–04) and secretary of work and pensions (2005) in the Labour government of Tony Blair. Blunkett, who was blind from birth, was brought up in poverty after his father died in an industrial accident at work. He was

In 2016 Lisa Blunt Rochester became the first woman and the first person of color to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the state of Delaware. She was fulfilling a promise 150 years in the making. In 1867 Blunt Rochester’s formerly enslaved great-great-great-grandfather earned the

traumatic brain injury: Primary injury: … or brain is classified as blunt trauma (e.g., from impact with a baseball bat or a windshield) or penetrating trauma (e.g., from gunshot wounds, shrapnel, or knives). Blunt contact causes injury directly below the contact point. The impact can also cause the brain to move or to shift back and…

Anthony Blunt was a British art historian who late in his life was revealed to have been a Soviet spy. While a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in the 1930s Blunt became a member of a circle of disaffected young men led by Guy Burgess, under whose influence he was soon involved in espionage on

Anthony Blunt was a British art historian who late in his life was revealed to have been a Soviet spy. While a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in the 1930s Blunt became a member of a circle of disaffected young men led by Guy Burgess, under whose influence he was soon involved in espionage on

Edward Blount was a publisher and translator who, with Isaac and William Jaggard, printed the First Folio of William Shakespeare’s plays (1623). After serving as an apprentice to London publisher William Ponsonby, Blount in 1588 became a freeman of the Stationers’ Company and opened a bookshop in

Emily Blunt is a British-American actress known for her crisply delineated characterizations of women from all walks of life. Her scene-stealing performance in The Devil Wears Prada (2006) garnered popular and critical acclaim, and she soon landed lead roles in a wide range of movies, including the

Emily Blunt is a British-American actress known for her crisply delineated characterizations of women from all walks of life. Her scene-stealing performance in The Devil Wears Prada (2006) garnered popular and critical acclaim, and she soon landed lead roles in a wide range of movies, including the

John Irving is an American novelist and short-story writer who established his reputation with the novel The World According to Garp (1978; film 1982). As is characteristic of his other works, it is noted for its engaging story line, colourful characterizations, macabre humour, and examination of

In 2016 Lisa Blunt Rochester became the first woman and the first person of color to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the state of Delaware. She was fulfilling a promise 150 years in the making. In 1867 Blunt Rochester’s formerly enslaved great-great-great-grandfather earned the

Roy Blunt is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2010 and represented Missouri in that body from 2011 to 2023. He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1997–2011), where he was majority whip (2003–07), acting majority leader (2005–06), and

Anthony Blunt was a British art historian who late in his life was revealed to have been a Soviet spy. While a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in the 1930s Blunt became a member of a circle of disaffected young men led by Guy Burgess, under whose influence he was soon involved in espionage on

Wilfrid Scawen Blunt was an English poet best known for his elegant erotic verse and his expression of anti-imperialism. He entered the diplomatic service in 1858 but retired on his marriage with Lady Anne Noel, Lord Byron’s granddaughter, in 1869. He and his wife traveled frequently in Egypt, Asia

pyramid: …the Bent, Blunted, False, or Rhomboidal Pyramid, which stands at Dahshūr a short distance south of Ṣaqqārah, marks an advance in development toward the strictly pyramidal tomb. Built by Snefru, of the 4th dynasty, it is 188 square metres (2,024 square feet) at the base and approximately 98 metres (322…

minnow: …good bait species is the bluntnose minnow (P. notatus), an olive-coloured species up to 10 cm (4 inches) long. Others include the 6-centimetre fathead minnow (P. promelas) and the common shiner (Notropis cornutus), a blue and silver minnow up to 20 cm long. The golden shiner, or American roach (Notemigonus…

Johann Kaspar Bluntschli was a writer on international law, whose book Das moderne Kriegsrecht (1866; “The Modern Law of War”) was the basis of the codification of the laws of war that were enacted at the Hague conferences of 1899 and 1907. Bluntschli studied law at Zürich, Berlin, and Bonn and

Britpop: …was essentially about Oasis and Blur. What the two bands had in common was a belief in the classic guitar-based pop song with a sing-along chorus—and a love of fashionable sportswear. Their attitudes were quite different, though. While both reached back to British pop’s golden age of the 1960s, each…

figure skating: Spins: A scratch spin is done in an upright position, and, depending on which foot the skater is spinning on, the spin can be done on either a back inside or a back outside edge, with the toe pick occasionally scratching the surface of the ice for…

“Weird Al” Yankovic: Career: …which is based on “Blurred Lines” by Robin Thicke.

amanita: caesarea), the blusher mushroom (A. rubescens), and the grisette (A. vaginata). See also mushroom poisoning.

Nidularium: blushing bromeliad (N. fulgens), not to be confused with Neoregelia carolinae, which is also commonly known as blushing bromeliad. Both it and Nidularium innocenti have white flowers surrounded by bright red bracts.

Neoregelia: Several species, including N. carolinae, are grown as indoor ornamentals for their colourful flowers and leaves.

Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus: Star performers: …by her animal charges, and Ursula Blütchen (1927–2010), who worked with polar bears.

August Wilhelm Eichler: …and last volume of his Blütendiagramme appeared (first vol., 1875; “Diagrams of Flowers”), his principal contribution to the study of the comparative structure of flowers.

Nürnberg Rally: …flags were touched to the Blutfahne (Blood Banner), a tattered standard said to have been steeped in the blood of those killed in Hitler’s abortive Beer Hall Putsch of November 8–9, 1923.

Disney Company: Live-action films and later decline: Top animators such as Don Bluth, Gary Goldman, and John Pomeroy left the company in 1977, and Disney’s subsequent efforts, such as the animated feature The Fox and the Hound (1981), failed, in the eyes of many, to capture what they thought of as the magic of the studio’s…

Nürnberg Laws: ” The other, the Gesetz zum Schutze des Deutschen Blutes und der Deutschen Ehre (“Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour”), usually called simply the Blutschutzgesetz (“Blood Protection Law”), forbade marriage or sexual relations between Jews and “citizens of German or kindred blood.” These measures were…

Hebrew literature: Émigré and Palestinian literature: Among outstanding writers were Rachel (Rachel Bluwstein), who wrote intensely personal poems; Uri Zevi Greenberg, a political poet and exponent of free verse; and Abraham Shlonsky, who would lead Israel’s Symbolist school.

Nellie Bly was an American journalist whose around-the-world race against a fictional record brought her world renown. Bly was also known for a number of exposés. Most notably, in 1887 she went undercover as a patient at a mental institution in New York City and subsequently wrote about the

Robert Bly was an American poet, translator, editor, and author, perhaps best known to the public at large as the author of Iron John: A Book About Men (1990, reprinted 2001 as Iron John: Men and Masculinity). Drawing upon Jungian psychology, myth, legend, folklore, and fairy tales (the title is

Robert Bly was an American poet, translator, editor, and author, perhaps best known to the public at large as the author of Iron John: A Book About Men (1990, reprinted 2001 as Iron John: Men and Masculinity). Drawing upon Jungian psychology, myth, legend, folklore, and fairy tales (the title is

Pan-Africanism: History of Pan-Africanist intellectuals: …Crummel, both African Americans, and Edward Blyden, a West Indian.

Pan-Africanism: History of Pan-Africanist intellectuals: …Crummel, both African Americans, and Edward Blyden, a West Indian.

William Dunbar: …and celebrated in the verse “Blyth Aberdeen” the entertainments provided by that city. After the King’s death at the Battle of Flodden (1513), he evidently received the benefice for which he had so often asked in verse, as there is no record of his pension after 1513.

Blyth Valley, former borough (district), unitary authority and historic county of Northumberland, England, on the North Sea coast northeast of Newcastle upon Tyne. The port of Blyth, the area’s largest town, was an early centre of the salt industry and later a coal port and shipbuilding centre.

John Barrymore was an American actor, called “The Great Profile,” who is remembered both for his film and stage roles as a debonair leading man and for his interpretations of William Shakespeare’s Richard III and Hamlet. (See Barrymore reading from Henry VI, Part 3.) John was born into a theatrical