Baldwin I was the count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) and of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI), a leader of the Fourth Crusade, who became the first Latin emperor of Constantinople (now Istanbul). The son of Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and Margaret of Alsace, countess of Flanders, Baldwin I was an ally of the

Baldwin II was the second ruler of Flanders, who, from his stronghold at Bruges, maintained, as his father Baldwin I before him, a vigorous defense of his lands against the incursions of the Norsemen. On his mother’s side a descendant of Charlemagne, he strengthened the dynastic importance of his

Baldwin II was the count of Edessa (1100–18), king of Jerusalem (1118–31), and Crusade leader whose support of the religious-military orders founded during his reign enabled him to expand his kingdom and to withstand Muslim attacks. A son of Hugh, count of Réthel, in the Ardennes region of France,

Baldwin II Porphyrogenitus was the last Latin emperor of Constantinople, who lost his throne in 1261 when Michael VIII Palaeologus restored Greek rule to the capital. The son of Yolande, sister of Baldwin I, the first Latin emperor of Constantinople, and Peter of Courtenay, the third Latin emperor,

Baldwin III was the king of the Crusader state of Jerusalem (1143–63), a military leader whose reputation among his contemporaries earned him the title of “ideal king.” The son of King Fulk of Jerusalem (reigned 1131–43) and Melisende (the daughter of Fulk’s predecessor, Baldwin II), Baldwin III

Arnulf I: …of his son Baldwin (Baldwin III), and the young man, though his reign was a very short one, did a great deal for the commercial and industrial progress of the country, establishing the first weavers and fullers at Ghent and instituting yearly fairs at Ypres, Bruges, and other places.…

Baldwin I was the first ruler of Flanders. A daring warrior under Charles II the Bald of France, he fell in love with the king’s daughter Judith, the youthful widow of two English kings, married her (862), and fled with his bride to Lorraine. Charles, though at first angry, was at last conciliated,

Baldwin IV was the king of Jerusalem (1174–85), called the “leper king” for the disease that afflicted him for most of his short life. His reign saw the growth of factionalism among the Latin nobility that weakened the kingdom during the years when its greatest adversary, the Muslim leader Saladin,

Baldwin IV was the count of Flanders (988–1035) who greatly expanded the Flemish dominions. He fought successfully both against the Capetian king of France, Robert II, and the Holy Roman emperor Henry II. Henry found himself obliged to grant to Baldwin IV in fief Valenciennes, the burgraveship of

Baldwin I was the count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) and of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI), a leader of the Fourth Crusade, who became the first Latin emperor of Constantinople (now Istanbul). The son of Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and Margaret of Alsace, countess of Flanders, Baldwin I was an ally of the

Stanley Baldwin was a British Conservative politician, three times prime minister between 1923 and 1937; he headed the government during the General Strike of 1926, the Ethiopian crisis of 1935, and the abdication crisis of 1936. A relative of the author Rudyard Kipling and the painter Sir Edward

Baldwin I was the king of the Crusader state of Jerusalem (1100–18) who expanded the kingdom and secured its territory, formulating an administrative apparatus that was to serve for 200 years as the basis for Frankish rule in Syria and Palestine. Son of Eustace II, count of Boulogne, and Ida

Baldwin II was the count of Edessa (1100–18), king of Jerusalem (1118–31), and Crusade leader whose support of the religious-military orders founded during his reign enabled him to expand his kingdom and to withstand Muslim attacks. A son of Hugh, count of Réthel, in the Ardennes region of France,

Baldwin II Porphyrogenitus was the last Latin emperor of Constantinople, who lost his throne in 1261 when Michael VIII Palaeologus restored Greek rule to the capital. The son of Yolande, sister of Baldwin I, the first Latin emperor of Constantinople, and Peter of Courtenay, the third Latin emperor,

Baldwin I was the count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) and of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI), a leader of the Fourth Crusade, who became the first Latin emperor of Constantinople (now Istanbul). The son of Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and Margaret of Alsace, countess of Flanders, Baldwin I was an ally of the

Baldwin II was the count of Edessa (1100–18), king of Jerusalem (1118–31), and Crusade leader whose support of the religious-military orders founded during his reign enabled him to expand his kingdom and to withstand Muslim attacks. A son of Hugh, count of Réthel, in the Ardennes region of France,

William I: New alliances of William I: In 1049 William negotiated with Baldwin V of Flanders for the hand of his daughter, Matilda. Baldwin, an imperial vassal with a distinguished lineage, was in rebellion against the emperor, Henry III, and was in desperate need of allies. At the Council of Reims in October 1049, the emperor’s cousin,…

Baldwin I was the count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) and of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI), a leader of the Fourth Crusade, who became the first Latin emperor of Constantinople (now Istanbul). The son of Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and Margaret of Alsace, countess of Flanders, Baldwin I was an ally of the

Germany: Henry VII of Luxembourg: Archbishop Baldwin of Trier sponsored the candidacy of his brother, Count Henry of Luxembourg, who was elected at Frankfurt am Main in 1308 as Henry VII. The house of Luxembourg (Luxemburg) was not a major territorial power, and Henry lost no time in exploiting his new…

Baldwin II was the second ruler of Flanders, who, from his stronghold at Bruges, maintained, as his father Baldwin I before him, a vigorous defense of his lands against the incursions of the Norsemen. On his mother’s side a descendant of Charlemagne, he strengthened the dynastic importance of his

Baldwin IV was the count of Flanders (988–1035) who greatly expanded the Flemish dominions. He fought successfully both against the Capetian king of France, Robert II, and the Holy Roman emperor Henry II. Henry found himself obliged to grant to Baldwin IV in fief Valenciennes, the burgraveship of

Baldwin IV was the king of Jerusalem (1174–85), called the “leper king” for the disease that afflicted him for most of his short life. His reign saw the growth of factionalism among the Latin nobility that weakened the kingdom during the years when its greatest adversary, the Muslim leader Saladin,

Baldwin V was the nominal king of Jerusalem who reigned from March 1185 until his death a year and a half later. The son of William Longsword of Montferrat and Sybil, the sister of King Baldwin IV, Baldwin V came to the throne when his uncle died of leprosy at the age of 24. The able knight Raymond

William I: New alliances of William I: In 1049 William negotiated with Baldwin V of Flanders for the hand of his daughter, Matilda. Baldwin, an imperial vassal with a distinguished lineage, was in rebellion against the emperor, Henry III, and was in desperate need of allies. At the Council of Reims in October 1049, the emperor’s cousin,…

Baldwin I was the count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) and of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI), a leader of the Fourth Crusade, who became the first Latin emperor of Constantinople (now Istanbul). The son of Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and Margaret of Alsace, countess of Flanders, Baldwin I was an ally of the

Robert I: …disputed by his elder brother, Baldwin VI, who had succeeded to the countship of Flanders. War broke out between the two brothers, and Baldwin was killed in battle in 1070. Robert then claimed the tutelage of Baldwin’s children and obtained the support of the German emperor Henry IV, while Richilde,…

Charles: …Robert II, and his cousin, Baldwin VII, counts of Flanders. Baldwin died of a wound received in battle in 1119 and, having no issue, left by will the succession to his countship to Charles. Charles did not secure his heritage without a civil war, but he was speedily victorious and…

Alec Baldwin is an American actor of great versatility who is especially known for his portrayal of roguish characters, notably Jack Donaghy on the sitcom 30 Rock (2006–13). Adept at comedy and drama, he has also starred in such movies as Beetlejuice (1988), The Hunt for Red October (1990), and The

Alec Baldwin is an American actor of great versatility who is especially known for his portrayal of roguish characters, notably Jack Donaghy on the sitcom 30 Rock (2006–13). Adept at comedy and drama, he has also starred in such movies as Beetlejuice (1988), The Hunt for Red October (1990), and The

Aerial Experiment Association: (“Casey”) Baldwin and J.A.D. McCurdy, a pair of engineers from the University of Toronto; Glenn Hammond Curtiss, a motorcycle builder from Hammondsport, N.Y., who served as the AEA propulsion expert; and Thomas E. Selfridge, an officer in the U.S. Army.

Aerial Experiment Association: (“Casey”) Baldwin and J.A.D. McCurdy, a pair of engineers from the University of Toronto; Glenn Hammond Curtiss, a motorcycle builder from Hammondsport, N.Y., who served as the AEA propulsion expert; and Thomas E. Selfridge, an officer in the U.S. Army.

Faith Baldwin was an American author, one of the most successful writers of light fiction in the 20th century, whose works targeted an audience of middle-class women. Faith Baldwin attended private academies and finishing schools, and in 1914–16 she lived in Dresden, Germany. She married Hugh H.

Frank Stephen Baldwin was an inventor best-known for his development of the Monroe calculator. His first calculator, the arithmometer (patented 1874), could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Economic conditions, however, prevented its immediate manufacture. The Baldwin computing engine (1900)

Justin Bieber: Marriage to Hailey Baldwin, Changes, and Justice: In 2018 Bieber married model Hailey Baldwin (daughter of actor Stephen Baldwin), and their relationship inspired Changes (2020). They had their first child, Jack Blues, in August 2024. Bieber’s sixth studio album, Justice, was released in 2021 and garnered eight Grammy nominations, including song of the year and record of…

Henry Baldwin was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1830–44). Baldwin graduated with honors from Yale University in 1797 and studied law, subsequently opening his practice in Pittsburgh. He was elected to the first of three terms to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1816.

James Baldwin was an essayist, novelist, and playwright whose eloquence and passion on the subject of race in America made him one of the most important voices of the 20th century. A writer of exceptionally clear and psychologically penetrating prose, Baldwin addressed race relations with deft

James Baldwin was an essayist, novelist, and playwright whose eloquence and passion on the subject of race in America made him one of the most important voices of the 20th century. A writer of exceptionally clear and psychologically penetrating prose, Baldwin addressed race relations with deft

James Mark Baldwin was a philosopher and theoretical psychologist who exerted influence on American psychology during its formative period in the 1890s. Concerned with the relation of Darwinian evolution to psychology, he favoured the study of individual differences, stressed the importance of

West Memphis Three: ), Jason Baldwin (b. April 11, 1977, West Memphis, Arkansas, U.S.), and Jessie Misskelley, Jr. (b. July 10, 1975).

Led Zeppelin: …1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands), John Paul Jones (original name John Baldwin; b. January 3, 1946, Sidcup, Kent), and John Bonham (b. May 31, 1948, Redditch, Hereford and Worcester—d. September 25, 1980, Windsor, Berkshire).

Matthias William Baldwin was a manufacturer whose significant improvements of the steam locomotive included a steam-tight metal joint that permitted his engines to use steam at double the pressure of others. Originally trained as a jeweler but experienced in industrial design and manufacture,

Robert Baldwin was a statesman who was joint leader with Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine (as the attorneys general of Canada West and East, respectively) of the first and second Reform administrations in the Province of Canada, which established the principle of responsible, or cabinet, government in

Roger Nash Baldwin was an American civil-rights activist, cofounder of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Born into an aristocratic Massachusetts family, Baldwin attended Harvard University (B.A., 1904; M.A., 1905). He then taught sociology at Washington University in St. Louis, Mo.

Stanley Baldwin was a British Conservative politician, three times prime minister between 1923 and 1937; he headed the government during the General Strike of 1926, the Ethiopian crisis of 1935, and the abdication crisis of 1936. A relative of the author Rudyard Kipling and the painter Sir Edward

Tammy Baldwin is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2012 and began representing Wisconsin in that body the following year; she was the first openly gay senator. Baldwin previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1999–2013). Baldwin was raised by

the Beach Boys: Growing up in suburban Los Angeles (Hawthorne), the Wilson brothers were encouraged

Cleveland: The contemporary city: …College (1871) in Pepper Pike—and Baldwin-Wallace College (1845) in Berea.

Cleveland: The contemporary city: …College (1871) in Pepper Pike—and Baldwin-Wallace College (1845) in Berea.

Baldy Mountain, summit (11,403 feet [3,476 metres]) in the White Mountains, Apache county, eastern Arizona, U.S. Springs on the mountain’s northern slope form the headwaters of the Little Colorado River. Also called Dzil Ligai (Apache: “Mountain of White Rock”), Baldy is located within a 7,000-acre

Baldy Mountain, highest peak in Manitoba, Can., in the southeastern part of Duck Mountain Provincial Park, 36 miles (58 km) northwest of Dauphin. At 2,730 feet (832 metres) above sea level, it is also the highest peak in the 350-mile- (560-km-) long Manitoba Escarpment. An observation tower at the

Colfax: …range, topped by 12,441-foot (3,782-metre) Baldy Peak, and the Sangre de Cristo range, which rises to more than 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) and includes the Carson National Forest. Between the two mountain ranges is Eagle Nest Lake, the county’s largest body of water. Cimarron Canyon State Park, Vietnam Veterans Chapel,…

Los Angeles: …Santa Catalina and San Clemente; Mount San Antonio, familiarly known as Mount Baldy or Old Baldy, 10,046 feet (3,062 metres) high; more than 900 square miles (2,330 square km) of desert; and 75 miles (120 km) of seacoast.

Los Angeles: …Santa Catalina and San Clemente; Mount San Antonio, familiarly known as Mount Baldy or Old Baldy, 10,046 feet (3,062 metres) high; more than 900 square miles (2,330 square km) of desert; and 75 miles (120 km) of seacoast.

Basel, capital of the Halbkanton (demicanton) of Basel-Stadt (with which it is virtually coextensive), northern Switzerland. It lies along the Rhine River, at the mouths of the Birs and Wiese rivers, where the French, German, and Swiss borders meet, at the entrance to the Swiss Rhineland. It was

vervet: … and the southern Congo, the bale monkey (C. djamdjamensis) of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, the vervet (C. pygerythrus) of eastern and southern Africa, the green monkey (C. sabaeus) of West Africa, and the tantalus monkey (C. tantalus) of central Africa. Vervet monkeys are closely related to guenons and were…

Bale Mountains, mountain chain in southern Ethiopia. It rises above 11,000 feet (3,350 metres) near Goba. The Bale Mountain region, including Bale Mountains National Park, is known for its numerous endemic species. Among these are the rare and endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), which is

Christian Bale is a Welsh-born English actor who is known for his portrayal of complex psychologically tormented characters. Bale made his big-screen debut, with little formal training as an actor, at age 13 in Empire of the Sun (1987). He received an overwhelming amount of attention for his role,

Christian Bale is a Welsh-born English actor who is known for his portrayal of complex psychologically tormented characters. Bale made his big-screen debut, with little formal training as an actor, at age 13 in Empire of the Sun (1987). He received an overwhelming amount of attention for his role,

John Bale was a bishop, Protestant controversialist, and dramatist whose Kynge Johan is asserted to have been the first English history play. He is notable for his part in the religious strife of the 16th century and for his antiquarian studies, including the first rudimentary history of English

Basel-Landschaft, Halbkanton (demicanton), northern Switzerland, traversed by the Jura Mountains and drained by the Ergolz and Birs rivers. It was formed in 1833 by the division of Basel canton into two half cantons, or demicantons, and its early history is linked with Basel (q.v.) city. Its

Basel-Stadt, Halbkanton (demicanton), northern Switzerland, consisting of the city of Basel (q.v.) and two small villages north of the Rhine. Occupying an area of 14 square miles (37 square km), it was formed in 1833 by the division of Basel canton into two half cantons, or demicantons. Its present

Mediterranean Sea: Natural divisions: The Algerian (sometimes called the Algero-Provençal or Balearic) Basin, east of the Alborán Basin, is west of Sardinia and Corsica, extending from off the coast of Algeria to off the coast of France. These two basins together constitute the western basin. The Tyrrhenian Basin, that part…

Britain’s rave culture and the sound that powered it were the product of a cornucopia of influences that came together in the late 1980s: the pulse of Chicago house music and the garage music of New York City, the semiconductor technology of northern California and the drug technology of southern

Balearic Beat: Britain’s rave culture and the sound that powered it were the product of a cornucopia of influences that came together in the late 1980s: the pulse of Chicago house music and the garage music of New York City, the semiconductor technology of northern California and…

Balearic Islands, archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea and a comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Spain coextensive with the Spanish provincia (province) of the same name. The archipelago lies 50 to 190 miles (80 to 300 km) east of the Spanish mainland. There are two groups of

shearwater: auricularis) and the Balearic shearwater (P. mauretanicus), both also 33 cm in length, are classified as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List. Townshend’s shearwater faces the greatest threat of extinction of all shearwaters, because it breeds in a single location, Socorro Island, where many individuals are preyed…

crane: …Europe, and Central Asia; the crowned crane (Balearica pavonina [regulorum]), over nearly all of Africa; and the wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus), in eastern and southern Africa.

Majorca, island, Balearic Islands provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), Spain. Majorca is the largest of the Balearic Islands, which lie in the western Mediterranean Sea. It contains two mountainous regions, each about 50 miles (80 km) in length and occupying the

whalebone, series of stiff keratinous plates in the mouths of baleen whales, used to strain copepods and other zooplankton, fishes, and krill from seawater. Whalebone was once important in the production of corsets, brushes, and other

whalebone, series of stiff keratinous plates in the mouths of baleen whales, used to strain copepods and other zooplankton, fishes, and krill from seawater. Whalebone was once important in the production of corsets, brushes, and other

baleen whale, (suborder Mysticeti), any cetacean possessing unique epidermal modifications of the mouth called baleen, which is used to filter food from water. Baleen whales seek out concentrations of small planktonic animals. The whales then open their mouth and take in enormous quantities of

Cristóbal Balenciaga was a Spanish dress designer who created elegant ball gowns and other classic designs. Balenciaga began seriously studying dressmaking at the age of 10, when the death of his father, a sea captain, made it necessary for his mother to support the family by sewing. His first trip

baler, largest living snail, a species of conch

hay: Balers compress hay or straw into tightly packed rectangular or cylindrical bales weighing around 22 to 45 kg (50 to 100 pounds) and tied with wire or twine. Pickup balers have a rotary toothed pickup mechanism to lift the windrows and deliver the hay to…

Peter Bales was an English calligrapher who devised one of the earliest forms of shorthand, published in his book Arte of Brachygraphie (1590). A highly skilled copyist, Bales gained fame for his microscopic writing, producing a Bible about the size of a walnut. He inscribed a number of texts

Baleshwar, city, northeastern Odisha (Orissa) state, eastern India. It lies in the Utkal Plains on the Burhabalang River, 7 miles (11 km) west of the Bay of Bengal. Baleshwar was the site of a British settlement in 1633. Dutch, Danish, and French merchants followed later in the 17th century. The

Peter Bales was an English calligrapher who devised one of the earliest forms of shorthand, published in his book Arte of Brachygraphie (1590). A highly skilled copyist, Bales gained fame for his microscopic writing, producing a Bible about the size of a walnut. He inscribed a number of texts

Rudyard Kipling: Life: …Caroline Balestier, the sister of Wolcott Balestier, an American publisher and writer with whom he had collaborated in The Naulahka (1892), a facile and unsuccessful romance. That year the young couple moved to the United States and settled on Mrs. Kipling’s property in Vermont, but their manners and attitudes were…

Italian literature: Experimentalism and the new avant-garde: …a prolifically undeterred creative experimentalist; Nanni Balestrini, who would subsequently publish the left-wing political collage Vogliamo tutto (1971; “We Want It All”); and Antonio Porta (pseudonym of Leo Paolazzi), whose untimely death at age 54 cut short the career of one of the less abstractly theoretical of these poets. At…

Madhumati River, distributary of the upper Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River), flowing through southwestern Bangladesh. It leaves the Padma just north of Kushtia and flows 190 miles (306 km) southeast before turning south across the swampy Sundarbans region to empty into the Bay of Bengal. In its

Ballet comique de la reine, court entertainment that is considered the first ballet. Enacted in 1581 at the French court of Catherine de Médicis by the Queen, her ladies, and the nobles of the court to celebrate the betrothal of her sister, it fused the elements of music, dance, plot (the escape of

Mariinsky Ballet, prominent Russian ballet company, part of the Mariinsky Theatre of Opera and Ballet in St. Petersburg. Its traditions, deriving from its predecessor, the Imperial Russian Ballet, are based on the work of such leading 19th-century choreographers as Jules Perrot, Arthur Saint-Léon,

Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was a Nigerian politician, deputy leader of the Northern Peoples Congress (NPC), and the first federal prime minister (1957–66). A commoner by birth, an unusual origin for a political leader in the NPC, Balewa was both a defender of northern special interests and an

Michael William Balfe was a singer and composer, best known for the facile melody and simple ballad style of his opera The Bohemian Girl. Balfe appeared as a violinist at age nine and began composing at about the same time. In 1823 he went to London, where he studied violin with C.F. Horn and

Robert Balfour was a philosopher accomplished in Latin and Greek who spent his career teaching these languages in France. Balfour was educated at the University of St. Andrews. When the Reformation gained momentum in Scotland, he, a Roman Catholic, left for France. There he taught at the University

education: Early 19th to early 20th century: The Balfour Act of 1902 established a comprehensive system of local government for both secondary and elementary education. It created new local education authorities and empowered them to provide secondary schools and develop technical education. The Education Act of 1918 (The Fisher Act) aimed at the…

Balfour Biological Laboratory, institution for women’s biological instruction (1884–1914) at the University of Cambridge, England. The facility—one of the first in Britain tailored specifically to women’s formal laboratory instruction—was established to assist the students of Cambridge’s Newnham

Balfour Biological Laboratory, institution for women’s biological instruction (1884–1914) at the University of Cambridge, England. The facility—one of the first in Britain tailored specifically to women’s formal laboratory instruction—was established to assist the students of Cambridge’s Newnham

Balfour Declaration, statement of British support for “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.” It was made in a letter dated November 2, 1917, from Arthur James Balfour, the British foreign secretary, to Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (of Tring), a

Sir James Balfour was a Scottish judge who, by frequently shifting his political allegiances, influenced the course of events in the early years of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. Educated for the priesthood, Balfour became a follower of the Reformation and in May 1546 was involved in the

Arthur James Balfour, 1st earl of Balfour was a British statesman who maintained a position of power in the British Conservative Party for 50 years. He was prime minister from 1902 to 1905, and, as foreign secretary from 1916 to 1919, he is perhaps best remembered for his World War I statement (the

Balfour Report, report by the Committee on Inter-Imperial Relations at the 1926 Imperial Conference in London that clarified a new relationship between Great Britain and the Dominions of Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and the Irish Free State. The Balfour Report declared that Britain

Arthur James Balfour, 1st earl of Balfour was a British statesman who maintained a position of power in the British Conservative Party for 50 years. He was prime minister from 1902 to 1905, and, as foreign secretary from 1916 to 1919, he is perhaps best remembered for his World War I statement (the

David Balfour, fictional character, hero of two novels by Robert Louis Stevenson: Kidnapped (1886) and Catriona (1893; also published as David Balfour), both set in Scotland in the middle

Francis Maitland Balfour was a British zoologist, younger brother of the statesman Arthur James Balfour, and a founder of modern embryology. His interest in the subject was aroused by the lectures of the British physiologist Michael Foster, and, after graduating from the University of Cambridge in

Robert Balfour was a philosopher accomplished in Latin and Greek who spent his career teaching these languages in France. Balfour was educated at the University of St. Andrews. When the Reformation gained momentum in Scotland, he, a Roman Catholic, left for France. There he taught at the University

Sir James Balfour was a Scottish judge who, by frequently shifting his political allegiances, influenced the course of events in the early years of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. Educated for the priesthood, Balfour became a follower of the Reformation and in May 1546 was involved in the

Alba Iulia, city, capital of Alba judeƫ (county), west-central Romania. It lies along the Mureş River, 170 miles (270 km) northwest of Bucharest. One of the oldest settlements in Romania, the site was selected by the Romans for a military camp. The remains of Apulum, an important city in Roman

Parhae, state established in the 8th century among the predominantly Tungusic-speaking peoples of northern Manchuria (now Northeast China) and northern Korea by a former Koguryŏ general, Tae Cho-Yŏng (Dae Jo-Yeong). Parhae was the successor state to Koguryŏ, which had occupied most of northern

Cameroon: Cultural life: The powerful masks of the Bali, which represent elephants’ heads, are used in ceremonies for the dead, and the statuettes of the Bamileke are carved in human and animal figures. The Tikar people are famous for beautifully decorated brass pipes, the Ngoutou people for two-faced masks, and the Bamum for…