Ed Bullins was an American playwright, novelist, poet, and journalist who emerged as one of the leading and most prolific dramatists of Black theatre in the 1960s. A high-school dropout, Bullins served in the U.S. Navy (1952–55) before resuming his studies in Philadelphia and at Los Angeles City

bullion, the name applied to gold, silver, and platinum considered solely as metal without regard to any value arising from its form as coins or ornaments. The bullion value of a coin is determined by its weight, fineness (proportion of precious metal to total weight), and the current price of the

Thomas Tooke: …as a supporter of the Bullion Report of 1810, which recommended a return to the gold standard, convertibility of the note issue, and control of the supply of paper money. His works High and Low Prices (1823) and Considerations on the State of the Currency (1826) traced the causes of…

bullionism, the monetary policy of mercantilism (q.v.), which called for national regulation of transactions in foreign exchange and in precious metals (bullion) in order to maintain a “favourable balance” in the home country. Spain, with which the policy is most closely associated, was preeminent

Bullitt, American action film, released in 1968, that features Steve McQueen in what many consider his definitive role. The film is also known for its iconic car-chase sequence. Frank Bullitt (played by McQueen) is a world-weary police lieutenant in San Francisco who is tasked with guarding the mob

William C. Bullitt was a U.S. diplomat who was the first U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union. Early in 1919 Bullitt was sent by Pres. Woodrow Wilson to Moscow to investigate the stability of the Bolshevik government, and he returned with a recommendation that the U.S. recognize the Soviet Union.

William C. Bullitt was a U.S. diplomat who was the first U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union. Early in 1919 Bullitt was sent by Pres. Woodrow Wilson to Moscow to investigate the stability of the Bolshevik government, and he returned with a recommendation that the U.S. recognize the Soviet Union.

Mastiff: The Bullmastiff, a cross between the Mastiff and the Bulldog, was developed in 19th-century England; it was used chiefly to discourage poaching on estates and game preserves and was known as the “gamekeeper’s night-dog.” The Bullmastiff is a tan, reddish brown, or brindled dog, with black…

steer, young neutered male cattle primarily raised for beef. In the terminology used to describe the sex and age of cattle, the male is first a bull calf and if left intact becomes a bull; if castrated he becomes a steer and about two or three years grows to an ox. Males retained for beef

Widener University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S. It comprises schools of arts and sciences; law; education, innovation, and continuing studies; hospitality management; human service professions; engineering; nursing; and business

oriole: …America is the closely related Bullock’s oriole (I. bullockii). The orchard oriole (I. spurius), black and chestnut, occurs over the eastern United States and Mexico. Among the tropical forms of icterids are the epaulet oriole (I. cayanensis) and the troupial (I. icterus).

Annonaceae: Major genera and species: The custard apple (A. reticulata), a small tropical American tree, gives the family one of its common names. Also known as bullock’s-heart for its globose shape, it has fruits with creamy white, sweetish, custardlike flesh. Cherimoya (A. cherimola), soursop (A. muricata), and sweetsop (A. squamosa) are…

Tina Turner was an American-born singer who found success in the rhythm-and-blues, soul, and rock genres in a career that spanned five decades. Turner was born into a sharecropping family in rural Tennessee. She began singing as a teenager and, after moving to St. Louis, Missouri, immersed herself

George Mallory: Mount Everest: …and his old school friend Guy Bullock mapped out a likely route to the summit of Everest from the northern (Tibetan) side. In September the party attempted to climb the mountain, but high winds turned them back at the valley that came to be called the North Col.

Georgia Bullock was the first female Superior Court judge in the state of California. Despite the challenges of being a widowed mother of two children, Bullock attended the University of Southern California’s Los Angeles Law School and helped establish a legal society for women called Phi Delta

George Mallory: Mount Everest: …and his old school friend Guy Bullock mapped out a likely route to the summit of Everest from the northern (Tibetan) side. In September the party attempted to climb the mountain, but high winds turned them back at the valley that came to be called the North Col.

Georgia: Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction: …the election of northern-born businessman Rufus Bullock as governor. In turn, the Georgia Democrats and their terrorist arm, the Ku Klux Klan, executed a reign of violence against them, killing hundreds of African Americans in the process. Bullock steadfastly promoted African American equality to no avail, as the Democratic Party,…

Sandra Bullock is an American actress and film producer known for her charismatic energy and wit onscreen, especially as girl-next-door characters in romantic comedies. Bullock spent most of her childhood in Nürnberg, West Germany, though she often traveled with her mother, who was a German opera

Sandra Bullock is an American actress and film producer known for her charismatic energy and wit onscreen, especially as girl-next-door characters in romantic comedies. Bullock spent most of her childhood in Nürnberg, West Germany, though she often traveled with her mother, who was a German opera

United States presidential election of 2020: Primaries: Steve Bullock, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee, Rep. Eric Swalwell of California, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii, former representative Beto O’Rourke of Texas, billionaire activist Tom Steyer, technology entrepreneur Andrew Yang, Sen. Kirsten

printing: Koenig’s mechanical press (early 19th century): …rotary press was made by William Bullock of the United States in 1865. It included a device for cutting the paper after printing and produced 12,000 complete newspapers per hour. Automatic folding devices, the first of which were designed by Bullock and Hoe, were incorporated into rotaries after 1870.

Wynn Bullock was an American photographer who conveyed a psychological truth beneath the realism of his images. Bullock moved to New York City in the early 1920s to study voice at Columbia University and to pursue a career as a concert tenor. While traveling throughout Europe, he was exposed to

dictionary: From 1604 to 1828: The next dictionary, by John Bullokar, An English Expositor, is first heard of on May 25, 1610, when it was entered in the Stationers’ Register (which established the printer’s right to it), but it was not printed until six years later. Bullokar introduced many archaisms, marked with a star…

dictionary: From Classical times to 1604: …few years later the phonetician William Bullokar promised to produce such a work and stated, “A dictionary and grammar may stay our speech in a perfect use for ever.”

aesthetics: The aesthetic experience: …statement of this position is Edward Bullough’s “‘Psychical Distance’ as a Factor in Art and an Aesthetic Principle,” an essay published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1912. While there is certainly something of interest to be said along those lines, it cannot be the whole story. Just what…

emphysema: Bullous emphysema is characterized by damaged alveoli that distend to form exceptionally large air spaces, especially within the uppermost portions of the lungs. This condition sometimes occurs in otherwise healthy young adults. Bullous emphysema often first comes to attention when an abnormal air space ruptures,…

bullous pemphigoid, a chronic, generalized skin disorder characterized by an eruption of serum-filled vesicles (blisters). These vesicles form under the epidermis, the outermost, nonvascular layer of the skin, and have walls of stretched epidermal cells. The cause of bullous pemphigoid is not

rocket and missile system: Air-to-surface: …AGM-12 (for aerial guided munition) Bullpup, a rocket-powered weapon that employed visual tracking and radio-transmitted command guidance. The pilot controlled the missile by means of a small side-mounted joystick and guided it toward the target by observing a small flare in its tail. Though Bullpup was simple and accurate, the…

sculpin: …include such forms as: the bullrout, or shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), a large, mottled-brownish sculpin found in Europe, the Arctic, and North America; the longhorn sculpin (M. octodecemspinosus), a common North American species, variable in colour and with long cheek spines; and the sea raven, a North American fish distinctively…

American Bully, breed of muscular companion dog (in contrast to a working dog) created in the United States in the 1980s and ’90s. With proper training and care, it can often be an excellent family dog. However, because of its strength and potential for aggression, this powerful breed has been

White House press secretary: The first press secretaries: …his own news from the bully pulpit, a term he introduced to describe the position of authority of the White House, from which he and members of his administration could speak out about their agenda and activities. Roosevelt also made his own news in meetings with selected reporters.

balata: …juice produced principally by the bully tree (species Manilkara bidentata) of Guyana and the West Indies. The tree is tapped by cutting zigzag gashes in the bark and collecting the latex in cups, to be coagulated in trays. Like gutta-percha, balata is inelastic, tough, leathery, and water-resistant, and it softens…

Cyberbullying: …and shocking of all, “bullycide” (to describe those who have died by suicide as a result of bullying behavior). That bullycides often involve young people—sometimes as young as 9 or 10—is heartbreaking.

bullying, intentional harm-doing or harassment that is directed toward vulnerable targets and typically repeated. Bullying encompasses a wide range of malicious aggressive behaviours, including physical violence, verbal mockery, threats, ostracism, and rumours spread either orally or by other means

Manuel Bulnes was the president of Chile (1841–51) whose administration was notable for public works improvements, economic progress, and cultural advances. When he was a general, his military victory against the Bolivian–Peruvian Confederation in 1839 assured his election to the presidency.

Gran Chaco: European colonization and economic activity: …oil from the wood of Bulnesia sarmientii, a tree found in the more arid portions of the Chaco.

Luba: …by a paramount chief (bulopwe or balopwe), although smaller independent chiefdoms already existed. The Luba empire was fragmented by Belgian colonization between 1880 and 1960, and the breakdown of the empire resulted in the development either of smaller chiefdoms or of small autonomous local lineage groups.

Adam Heinrich Dietrich, baron von Bülow was a Prussian soldier and military theorist who attempted to popularize the fighting style of the French armies of the early Revolutionary era and who exercised some influence on the French general and renowned military critic Antoine-Henri de Jomini. Bülow

Bernhard, prince von Bülow was a German imperial chancellor and Prussian prime minister from October 17, 1900, to July 14, 1909; in cooperation with Emperor William II (Kaiser Wilhelm II), he pursued a policy of German aggrandizement in the years preceding World War I. The son of an imperial

Cosima Wagner was the wife of the composer Richard Wagner and director of the Bayreuth Festivals from his death in 1883 to 1908. Cosima was the illegitimate daughter of the composer-pianist Franz Liszt and the countess Marie d’Agoult, who also bore Liszt two other children. Liszt later

Hans von Bülow was a German pianist and conductor whose accurate, sensitive, and profoundly musical interpretations, especially of Richard Wagner, established him as the prototype of the virtuoso conductors who later flourished. He was also an astute and witty musical journalist. As a child, Bülow

Hans von Bülow was a German pianist and conductor whose accurate, sensitive, and profoundly musical interpretations, especially of Richard Wagner, established him as the prototype of the virtuoso conductors who later flourished. He was also an astute and witty musical journalist. As a child, Bülow

Battle of Mons: Karl von Bülow’s Second Army. In these circumstances not only was the planned Allied offensive out of the question, but also the British line was now untenable. On August 24 the British began to fall back in conformity with their allies, from the Belgian frontier…

Revue des Deux Mondes: François Buloz was its editor from 1831 to 1877 and established a tradition of excellence that attracted contributions from such literary eminences as Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Honoré de Balzac, Victor Hugo, Hippolyte Taine, and Ernest Renan. One of its contributors was Ferdinand Brunetière, who became…

Southern Africa: Expropriation of African land: …BSAC sent an administrator to Bulozi. Contrary to Lewanika’s expectations, this spelled the end of Lozi independence. Despite Lewanika’s “protected” status, over the next decade the powers of the king and the aristocracy were whittled away. British insistence on the abolition of serfdom and slavery in 1906 undermined the cultivation…

bulrush, Any of the annual or perennial grasslike plants constituting the genus Scirpus, especially S. lacustris, in the sedge family, that bear solitary or much-clustered spikelets. Bulrushes grow in wet locations, including ponds, marshes, and lakes. Their stems are often used to weave strong

Valsad, city, southeastern Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies along the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay), south of the city of Surat. Valsad is known for its hand-loomed cloth, dyes, bricks, and pottery, and it has a castor-oil-extraction industry. Fruit is grown in the vicinity. One of many minor

Freddie Mercury was a British rock singer and songwriter whose flamboyant showmanship and powerfully agile vocals, most famously for the band Queen, made him one of rock’s most dynamic front men. Bulsara was born to Parsi parents who had emigrated from India to Zanzibar, where his father worked as

Rudolf Bultmann was a leading 20th-century New Testament scholar known for his program to “demythologize” the New Testament—i.e., to interpret, according to the concepts of existentialist philosophy, the essential message of the New Testament that was expressed in mythical terms. Bultmann, the son

Rudolf Bultmann was a leading 20th-century New Testament scholar known for his program to “demythologize” the New Testament—i.e., to interpret, according to the concepts of existentialist philosophy, the essential message of the New Testament that was expressed in mythical terms. Bultmann, the son

Bulu, one of a number of related peoples inhabiting the hilly, forested, south-central area of Cameroon as well as mainland Equatorial Guinea and northern Gabon. These peoples are collectively called the Fang (q.v.). “Bulu” is a loosely defined term that designates one of the three major

North Africa: The Fāṭimids and Zīrids: Al-Muʿizz appointed the Berber chief Buluggīn, son of the Fāṭimids’ chief ally in Algeria, Zīrī ibn Manād, as his viceroy in the Maghrib. In the 70 years during which the Zīrid dynasty (Banū Zīrī) ruled Ifrīqiyyah in the name of the Fāṭimids, they fell progressively under the influence of the…

Theodore Dreiser: Works of the Theodore Dreiser: Dreiser’s next-to-last novel, The Bulwark (1946), is the story of a Quaker father’s unavailing struggle to shield his children from the materialism of modern American life. More intellectually consistent than Dreiser’s earlier novels, this book also boasts some of his most polished prose.

Henry Lytton Bulwer was a diplomat who, as British ambassador to the United States, negotiated the controversial Clayton–Bulwer Treaty (April 19, 1850), which concerned in part the possibility of a canal traversing Central America and was also intended to resolve (but in fact aggravated) various

John Bulwer was an English physician, author, and early educator of the deaf, best known for his four late-Renaissance texts, which called on his knowledge of deafness, sign language, and the human body: Chirologia; or, The Natural Language of the Hand (1644); Philocopus; or, The Deaf and Dumb

Henry Lytton Bulwer was a diplomat who, as British ambassador to the United States, negotiated the controversial Clayton–Bulwer Treaty (April 19, 1850), which concerned in part the possibility of a canal traversing Central America and was also intended to resolve (but in fact aggravated) various

Edward George Earle Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton was a British politician, poet, and critic, chiefly remembered, however, as a prolific novelist. His books, though dated, remain immensely readable, and his experiences lend his work an unusual historical interest. Bulwer-Lytton was the youngest

Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st earl of Lytton was a British diplomat and viceroy of India (1876–80) who also achieved, during his lifetime, a reputation as a poet. Lytton, son of the 1st Baron Lytton, began his diplomatic career as unpaid attaché to his uncle Sir Henry Bulwer, then minister at

Victor Alexander George Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd earl of Lytton was a British governor of Bengal (1922–27) and chairman of the League of Nations mission to Manchuria, which produced the so-called Lytton Report (1932), condemning Japan’s aggression there. (See Lytton Commission.) Bulwer-Lytton was

Warren Beatty: …cowrote, directed, and starred in Bulworth, playing a U.S. senator whose disillusionment with the political system is fueled by his immersion in hip-hop culture. Despite the accolades he received, Beatty was also part of two of Hollywood’s most expensive failures, Ishtar (1987) and Town & Country (2001). After a 15-year…

president: Gaming roles: …card in hand is the bum.

dress: Europe, 1500–1800: …as a bum roll or barrel, which was tied around the waist under the skirt. Later the French introduced the wheel farthingale, which was drum-shaped with radiating spokes on top. The gown neckline became very décolleté, almost displaying the breasts. From the 1570s to the 1770s a stomacher—a stiff, V-…

Bumastus, genus of trilobites (extinct arthropods) found in Europe and North America as fossils in rocks of Ordovician to Silurian age (between 408 and 505 million years old). Bumastus is very distinctive in form; the head and tail regions are smooth and very large and have fused segments. Its

bumblebee, (genus Bombus), genus of over 250 species of large bees. Bumblebees occur over much of the world but are most common in temperate climates. They are absent from most of Africa and the lowlands of India and have been introduced to Australia and New Zealand to aid in the pollination of

Mr. Bumble, fictional character in the novel Oliver Twist (1837–39) by Charles Dickens. Mr. Bumble is the cruel, pompous beadle of the poorhouse where the orphaned Oliver is raised. Bumbledom, named after him, characterizes the meddlesome self-importance of the petty bureaucrat. Mr. Bumble marries

Justin Theroux: Later career: The Leftovers and White House Plumbers: …appeared in the popular action-adventure Bumblebee, and the following year he had an uncredited role in the megahit Joker, about the comic-book villain.

bumblebee, (genus Bombus), genus of over 250 species of large bees. Bumblebees occur over much of the world but are most common in temperate climates. They are absent from most of Africa and the lowlands of India and have been introduced to Australia and New Zealand to aid in the pollination of

bat: Annotated classification: Family Craseonycteridae (hog-nosed, or bumblebee, bat) 1 tiny species of Thailand, Craseonycteris thonglongyai, perhaps the smallest living mammal. Family Myzopodidae (Old World sucker-footed bat) 1 species in 1 genus (Myzopoda) endemic to Madagascar. Small, plain muzzle; large ears with peculiar mushroom-shaped lobe. Thumb and

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Pseudopimelodidae (bumblebee catfishes) Wide mouth, small eyes. South America. 5 genera, 26 species. Family Aspredinidae (banjo catfishes) Adipose lacking; broad, flat head; large tubercles on naked body. Aquarium fishes. Size to 30 cm (12 inches). A few enter brackish waters and salt waters. South America. 12…

African Americans: Music: …Leontyne Price, La Julia Rhea, Grace Bumbry, Shirley Verrett, Jessye Norman, and Kathleen Battle. Arthur Mitchell, Alvin Ailey, and Bill T. Jones led outstanding dance troupes. Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis emerged as one of the great trumpeters of the late 20th century, winning Grammy Awards for both jazz

James Garner was an American actor who was noted for his portrayal of good-natured characters and reluctant heroes. He was perhaps best known for his roles in the television series Maverick and The Rockford Files. After serving in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, Garner pursued an acting

San Francisco Giants: …the stellar pitching of ace Madison Bumgarner: Bumgarner decisively won both of his starts in the series and came out of the bullpen to pitch five scoreless innings and clinch the title in game seven. The Giants returned to the postseason in 2016 (losing in the division series), but a…

Pramoedya Ananta Toer: …of these, Bumi manusia (1980; This Earth of Mankind) and Anak semua bangsa (1980; Child of All Nations), met with great critical and popular acclaim in Indonesia after their publication, but the government subsequently banned them from circulation, and the last two volumes of the tetralogy, Jejak langkah (1985; Footsteps)…

algae: Annotated classification: …about 600 species; includes Botrydium, Bumilleriopsis, Tribonema, and Vaucheria. Division Cryptophyta Unicellular flagellates. Class Cryptophyceae Chlorophyll a, chlorophyllide c

history of Central Asia: Division of the empire: …Kök Türk (Chinese Tujue) empire, Bumin—who bore the title of khagan, or great khan—died shortly after his victory. Soon afterward the empire split into two halves. The eastern part, ruled by Bumin’s son Muhan (ruled 553–572), was centred on Mongolia. The seat of the western part, ruled by Bumin’s brother…

Natty Bumppo, fictional character, a mythic frontiersman and guide who is the protagonist of James Fenimore Cooper’s five novels of frontier life that are known collectively as The Leatherstocking Tales. The character is known by various names throughout the series, including Leather-Stocking,

sand shark: …smalltooth sand tiger shark (O. ferox) and the bigeye sand tiger shark (O. noronhai)—are largely deepwater species. Smalltooth sand tigers spend more time than bigeye sand tigers in shallow waters near islands and coastlines. The smalltooth sand tiger is the largest of the three sand shark species, commonly measuring…

Jasprit Bumrah is an Indian international cricketer. A right-arm fast bowler, he is considered to be one of the best fast bowlers in the world and has more than 400 international wickets. He captained India in the Test match against England in July 2022 and was named the vice captain of the Test

Jasprit Bumrah is an Indian international cricketer. A right-arm fast bowler, he is considered to be one of the best fast bowlers in the world and has more than 400 international wickets. He captained India in the Test match against England in July 2022 and was named the vice captain of the Test

Luba: …religion is the notion of bumuntu (authentic or genuine personhood) embodied in the concept of mucima muyampe (good heart) and buleme (dignity, self-respect). Bumuntu stands as the goal of human existence and as the sine qua non condition for genuine governance and genuine religiosity.

hamburger: …two halves of a round bun. mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, and other condiments, along with garnishes of lettuce, onion, tomato, and sliced pickle, constitute the customary dressing; fried eggs and avocado may be added as well. In the variation known as the

urena, (Urena lobata), plant of the family Malvaceae; its fibre is one of the bast fibre group. The plant, probably of Old World origin, grows wild in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Urena has long been used for its fibre in Brazil, but it has been slow in achieving importance

coin: Japan: The ei-raku and bun-kyū sen of the 19th century were the only other regular copper coins. Unlike China, Japan has had a gold and silver coinage since the 16th century. The gold coins are large flat pieces in the shape of rectangles with rounded corners, the largest size…

World War II: The Solomons, Papua, Madagascar, the Aleutians, and Burma, July 1942–May 1943: …to Gona and to nearby Buna, where there were some 7,500 Japanese assembled by November 18. The next day U.S. infantry attacked them there. Each side was subsequently reinforced; but the Australians took Gona on December 9 and the Americans Buna village on December 14. Buna government station fell to…

nitrile rubber (NBR), an oil-resistant synthetic rubber produced from a copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene. Its main applications are in fuel hoses, gaskets, rollers, and other products in which oil resistance is required. In the production of NBR, acrylonitrile (CH2=CHCN) and butadiene

styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), a general-purpose synthetic rubber, produced from a copolymer of styrene and butadiene. Exceeding all other synthetic rubbers in consumption, SBR is used in great quantities in automobile and truck tires, generally as an abrasion-resistant replacement for natural

styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), a general-purpose synthetic rubber, produced from a copolymer of styrene and butadiene. Exceeding all other synthetic rubbers in consumption, SBR is used in great quantities in automobile and truck tires, generally as an abrasion-resistant replacement for natural

Norway: Daily life and social customs: The national costume, the bunad, is characterized by double-shuttle woven wool skirts or dresses for women, accompanied by jackets with scarves. Colourful accessories (e.g., purses and shoes) complete the outfit. The bunad for men generally consists of a three-piece suit that also is very colourful and heavily embroidered. Traditionally,…

Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla was a French engineer and a key figure in the decision to construct the Panama Canal. Born out of wedlock, Bunau-Varilla attended two prestigious French engineering schools, the École Polytechnique and the École des Ponts et Chaussées, on scholarship. He was hired by the

Bunbury, town and seaport, southwestern Western Australia, south of Perth and Fremantle. It is situated on the southern shore of Koombana Bay around Leschenault Inlet, which is fed by the Collie and Preston rivers. A French ship on a scientific expedition to the area brought the first Europeans in

sweet William, (Dianthus barbatus), garden plant in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae), grown for its clusters of small bright-coloured flowers. It is usually treated as a biennial, seed sown the first year producing flowering plants the second year. The plant, growing to a height of 60 cm (2 feet),

Lonnie G. Bunch III is an American historian and museum curator and administrator, the 14th secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (2019– ) and the first Black person to hold that office. Before heading the Smithsonian, he served as the founding director of the institution’s National Museum of

bunchberry, (Cornus canadensis), creeping perennial herb of the dogwood family (Cornaceae). The small and inconspicuous yellowish flowers, grouped in heads surrounded by four large and showy white (rarely pink) petallike bracts (modified leaves), give rise to clusters of red fruits. Bunchberry is

Ralph Bunche was a U.S. diplomat, a key member of the United Nations for more than two decades, and winner of the 1950 Nobel Prize for Peace for his successful negotiation of an Arab-Israeli truce in Palestine the previous year. Bunche worked his way through the University of California at Los

Ralph Bunche was a U.S. diplomat, a key member of the United Nations for more than two decades, and winner of the 1950 Nobel Prize for Peace for his successful negotiation of an Arab-Israeli truce in Palestine the previous year. Bunche worked his way through the University of California at Los

punch’ŏng pottery, decorated celadon glazed ceramic, produced in Korea during the early Chosŏn period (15th and 16th centuries). Punch’ŏng ware evolved from the celadon of the Koryŏ period. Combined with the celadon glaze is the innovative Chosŏn surface decoration, which includes inlaying,

electron tube: Klystrons: …and the cavity resonators (the buncher and the catcher, which serve as reservoirs of electromagnetic oscillations) is the accelerating potential and is commonly referred to as the beam voltage. This voltage accelerates the DC electron beam to a high velocity before injecting it into the grids of the buncher cavity.…

electron tube: Klystrons: …enter a region called the drift, or bunching, space, in which the electrons that were speeded up overtake the slower-moving ones. This causes the electrons to bunch and results in the density modulation of the beam, with the electron bunches representing an RF current in the beam. The catcher is…

Fresnel lens: …lens is convenient for spotlights, floodlights, railroad and traffic signals, and decorative lights in buildings. Cylindrical Fresnel lenses are used in shipboard lanterns to increase visibility.

Bund, Jewish socialist political movement founded in Vilnius in 1897 by a small group of workers and intellectuals from the Jewish Pale of tsarist Russia. The Bund called for the abolition of discrimination against Jews and the reconstitution of Russia along federal lines. At the time of the