Abby Morton Diaz: (1881), Polly Cologne (1881), and Bybury to Beacon Street (1887).

bycatch, term for any fish, mammal, bird, or other animal or group of animals captured unintentionally by the commercial fishing industry. Bycatch is closely related to the term discard, which is the amount of haul that is discarded back into the ocean, alive or dead. Bycatch becomes discard when

Orchestre de Paris: (1972–75), Daniel Barenboim (1975–89), Semyon Bychkov (1989–98), Christoph von Dohnányi (1998–99), Christoph Eschenbach (2000–10), and Paavo Järvi (2010–16). Daniel Harding became music director in 2016.

BYD Co. Ltd. is a Chinese company that develops and manufactures rechargeable batteries, electric vehicles (EVs), rail transit systems, and other new energy technologies. It was founded by Wang Chuanfu in 1995 as the Shenzhen BYD Battery Co. Ltd. and is headquartered in Shenzhen, China. BYD—an

Bydgoszcz Canal, canal in north-central Poland that links the Vistula River basin with that of the Oder River. The canal extends for 27 km (17 miles) between Nakło and the inland port city of Bydgoszcz. Construction of the 19-metre- (62-foot-) wide canal and its eight locks was completed in 1774

Bydgoszcz, city, one of two capitals (with Toruń) of Kujawsko-Pomorskie województwo (province), northern Poland, near the confluence of the Brda and Vistula rivers. Beginning as a frontier stronghold, Bydgoszcz was seized by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century; it received town rights in 1346.

Bydgoszcz Canal, canal in north-central Poland that links the Vistula River basin with that of the Oder River. The canal extends for 27 km (17 miles) between Nakło and the inland port city of Bydgoszcz. Construction of the 19-metre- (62-foot-) wide canal and its eight locks was completed in 1774

Poland: John II Casimir Vasa: >Bydgoszcz) in 1657.

cricket: Extras: …added the following extras: (1) byes (when a ball from the bowler passes the wicket without being touched by the bat and the batsmen are able to make good a run); (2) leg byes (when in similar circumstances the ball has touched any part of the batsman’s body except his…

Chita Rivera: …Tony nominations for Rose in Bye Bye Birdie (1960), Anyanka in Bajour (1964), and Velma in Chicago (1975). She also appeared as Nickie in the film version of Sweet Charity (1969) and toured with her highly regarded cabaret act.

George Sidney: Later work: Bye Bye Birdie (1963) was a lively version of the Broadway blockbuster that was inspired by Elvis Presley’s army induction; it starred Ann-Margret and Dick Van Dyke. Ann-Margret also appeared in Viva Las Vegas (1964), a hugely popular Presley musical; the singer played a cash-strapped…

the Everly Brothers: …later that year with “Bye Bye Love.” Unlike the vocal harmonies in most early rock-and-roll recordings, which supported a moving vocal line with block harmonies, the Everly Brothers’ vocal approach was based on the high, lonesome sound of bluegrass and Appalachian music, supporting the lead vocal with a moving…

William Watson: …for his part in the “Bye Plot” against King James I.

Charles Wright: His later collections include Bye-and-Bye: Selected Late Poems (2012), Caribou (2014), and Oblivion Banjo: The Poetry of Charles Wright (2019).

Belarus, landlocked country of eastern Europe. Until it became independent in 1991, Belarus, formerly known as Belorussia or White Russia, was the smallest of the three Slavic republics included in the Soviet Union (the larger two being Russia and Ukraine). While Belarusians share a distinct ethnic

Belovezhskaya Forest, forest in western Belarus and eastern Poland. One of the largest surviving areas of primeval mixed forest (pine, beech, oak, alder, and spruce) in Europe, it occupies more than 460 square miles (1,200 square km). The Belovezhskaya Forest is located near the headwaters of the

Belarus, landlocked country of eastern Europe. Until it became independent in 1991, Belarus, formerly known as Belorussia or White Russia, was the smallest of the three Slavic republics included in the Soviet Union (the larger two being Russia and Ukraine). While Belarusians share a distinct ethnic

Belarus: Ethnic groups: Ethnic Belarusians make up about four-fifths of the country’s population. Russians, many of whom migrated to the Belorussian S.S.R. in the 1960s, ’70s, and ’80s, form the second largest ethnic group, accounting for roughly one-tenth of the population. Most of the remainder are Poles and Ukrainians,…

Belarusian language, East Slavic language that is historically the native language of most Belarusians. Many 20th-century governments of Belarus had policies favouring the Russian language, and, as a result, Russian is more widely used in education and public life than Belarusian. Belarusian forms

Philips van Marnix, Heer Van Sint Aldegonde: His first main work was Den byencorf der H. Roomsche Kercke (1569; “The Beehive of the Roman Catholic Church”), a polemical tract in prose in which the author, affecting to defend Roman Catholicism, in fact ridicules it.

horse racing: Bloodlines and studbooks: …the Godolphin Barb, and the Byerly Turk, all brought to Great Britain, 1690–1730) and from 43 “royal” mares (those imported by Charles II). The preeminence of English racing and hence of the General Stud Book from 1791 provided a standard for judging a horse’s breeding (and thereby, at least to…

earthquake: Locating earthquake epicentres: In 1926 the American geophysicist Perry E. Byerly used patterns of P onsets over the entire globe to infer the orientation of the fault plane in a large earthquake. The polarity method yields two P-nodal curves at the Earth’s surface; one curve is in the plane containing the assumed fault,…

Bowenia: Both the Byfield fern (Bowenia serrulata) and B. spectabilis are sometimes cultivated as ornamentals in greenhouses and outdoors in warmer climates. Two extinct species, B. eocenica and B. papillosa, known from fossilized leaflet fragments from Victoria and New South Wales respectively, date to the Eocene Epoch

The Master Builder, drama in three acts by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, originally published as Bygmester Solness in 1892 and first performed in 1893. The play juxtaposes the artist’s needs with those of society and examines the limits of artistic creativity. There is an autobiographical

Elizaveta Ivanovna Bykova was a Russian chess player who was the women’s world champion (1953–56; 1958–62). In 1925 Bykova’s family moved to Moscow, where she soon showed an aptitude for chess. After graduating from the Institute for Economic Planning in 1936, Bykova devoted herself to improving

Valery Bykovsky was a Soviet cosmonaut who orbited Earth 81 times in the spacecraft Vostok 5, from June 14 to 19, 1963. Bykovsky started flying lessons at the age of 16, joined the army in 1952, and in 1959 became a jet fighter pilot. In 1960 he began his training as a cosmonaut at the Zhukovsky

Valery Bykovsky was a Soviet cosmonaut who orbited Earth 81 times in the spacecraft Vostok 5, from June 14 to 19, 1963. Bykovsky started flying lessons at the age of 16, joined the army in 1952, and in 1959 became a jet fighter pilot. In 1960 he began his training as a cosmonaut at the Zhukovsky

fair trade: History: …by the pioneering American businesswoman Edna Ruth Byler to a women’s sewing group run by the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) in Puerto Rico. Byler began selling the group’s crafts to friends and neighbours in the United States. In 1962 her project was adopted by the MCC as the Overseas Needlework…

bylina, traditional form of Old Russian and Russian heroic narrative poetry transmitted orally. The oldest byliny belong to a cycle dealing with the golden age of Kievan Rus in the 10th–12th century. They centre on the deeds of Prince Vladimir I and his court. One of the favourite heroes is the

bylina, traditional form of Old Russian and Russian heroic narrative poetry transmitted orally. The oldest byliny belong to a cycle dealing with the golden age of Kievan Rus in the 10th–12th century. They centre on the deeds of Prince Vladimir I and his court. One of the favourite heroes is the

Tadeusz Borowski: …recollections Byliśmy w Oświęcimiu (1946; We Were in Auschwitz). After his return to Poland he published two collections of short stories, Pożegnanie z Marią (1948; “Farewell to Maria”) and Kamienny świat (1948; “The World of Stone”), that explored the depths of human degradation in the Nazi concentration camps. (Both collections…

Ghent: …the remains of the Cistercian abbey of Byloke, or Bijloke (1228), which now houses the museum of archaeology and part of the city hospital. The Gothic Cathedral of St. Bavo, dating from the 12th century, contains many valuable works of art, including Hubert and Jan van Eyck’s polyptych altarpiece, The…

Baffin Bay: …to explore the bay was Robert Bylot, an English sea captain, in May 1616, but his name was not given to the entity, the honor going instead to his lieutenant, William Baffin. Even the latter’s discoveries came to be doubted until the later explorations of Captain (later Sir) John Ross,…

Linda Martell is a pioneering American country music singer who was the first Black female artist to perform at the venerable Grand Ole Opry in Nashville. She had a top 25 hit (“Color Him Father”) on Billboard’s country chart in 1969 but then faded into obscurity until a resurgence of interest in

Julian Hedworth George Byng, Viscount Byng of Vimy was a British field marshal and a commander in World War I. A career soldier from 1883, Byng was promoted to major general in 1909. As commander of the Canadian Corps in France (from May 1916), he was responsible for one of the most famous Canadian

Julian Hedworth George Byng, Viscount Byng of Vimy was a British field marshal and a commander in World War I. A career soldier from 1883, Byng was promoted to major general in 1909. As commander of the Canadian Corps in France (from May 1916), he was responsible for one of the most famous Canadian

Julian Hedworth George Byng, Viscount Byng of Vimy was a British field marshal and a commander in World War I. A career soldier from 1883, Byng was promoted to major general in 1909. As commander of the Canadian Corps in France (from May 1916), he was responsible for one of the most famous Canadian

John Byng was a British admiral executed for failing to relieve the naval base at Minorca (in the western Mediterranean) from a French siege. By initiating legal proceedings against Byng, the administration of Prime Minister Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, hoped to divert public

Cornelis van Bynkershoek was a Dutch jurist who helped develop international law along positivist lines. Bynkershoek studied law at Franeker and was admitted to the bar at The Hague. In 1703 he was appointed a member of the supreme court of Holland and Zeeland, becoming president of the court in

Japanese art: Calligraphy and painting: …the Senzui folding screens (byōbu), also reveal the development of indigenous painting styles within the original interpretive matrix of Chinese forms. Although the Chinese method of representing narrative in a landscape setting is honoured, with each narrative episode shown in a discrete topographic pocket, the topography and other telling…

Japanese art: Amidism: …Phoenix Hall (Hōōdō) at the Byōdō Temple in Uji, located on the Uji River to the southeast of Kyōto. Originally used as a villa by the Fujiwara family, this summer retreat was converted to a temple by Fujiwara Yorimichi in 1053. The architecture of the building, including the style and…

Carl Byoir was an American consultant who helped establish public relations as a recognized profession. In high school Byoir was a reporter for the Iowa State Register, and by the age of 17 he was city editor of the Waterloo Tribune. He worked his way through the University of Iowa, went to work

Carl Byoir was an American consultant who helped establish public relations as a recognized profession. In high school Byoir was a reporter for the Iowa State Register, and by the age of 17 he was city editor of the Waterloo Tribune. He worked his way through the University of Iowa, went to work

jet engine: The propulsor: …of engines, such as the turbofan, thrust is generated by both approaches: A major part of the thrust is derived from the fan, which is powered by a low-pressure turbine and which energizes and accelerates the bypass stream (see below). The remaining part of the total thrust is derived from…

jet engine: Medium-bypass turbofans, high-bypass turbofans, and ultrahigh-bypass engines: …classifying the turbofan is its bypass ratio, defined as the ratio of the mass flow rate of the bypass stream to the mass flow rate entering the core. Since the highest propulsion efficiencies are obtained by the engines with the highest bypass ratios, one would expect to find all engines…

coronary artery bypass, surgical treatment for coronary heart disease (or coronary artery disease), usually caused by atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, fatty plaques build up on the walls of the coronary arteries, gradually diminishing the flow of blood through them. Insufficient blood flow

Evander Holyfield: Holyfield faced Chris Byrd for the IBF heavyweight championship on December 14, 2002, only to lose the bout in a unanimous decision. After losing a decision to journeyman Larry Donald in 2004, Holyfield had his New York boxing license revoked because of his apparently deteriorating skills. Holyfield…

Art Blakey: …notable jazzmen as Clifford Brown, Donald Byrd, Benny Golson, Johnny Griffin, Jackie McLean, Lee Morgan, and Wayne Shorter.

Art Blakey: …notable jazzmen as Clifford Brown, Donald Byrd, Benny Golson, Johnny Griffin, Jackie McLean, Lee Morgan, and Wayne Shorter.

Harry F. Byrd American newspaper publisher, farmer, and prominent Democratic politician in the state of Virginia for more than 40 years. Elected governor of the state in 1925 and appointed U.S. senator in 1933, he embraced low taxes, minimal government services, administrative efficiency, and white

Harry F. Byrd American newspaper publisher, farmer, and prominent Democratic politician in the state of Virginia for more than 40 years. Elected governor of the state in 1925 and appointed U.S. senator in 1933, he embraced low taxes, minimal government services, administrative efficiency, and white

Professor Longhair was an American singer and pianist who helped shape the sound of New Orleans rhythm and blues from the mid-1940s. As a young boy living in New Orleans, Byrd learned the rudiments of music from his mother. He constructed his own instruments and played and danced in the streets for

murder of James Byrd, Jr.: , killing of James Byrd, Jr., an African American man, on June 7, 1998, in the East Texas town of Jasper. Byrd was dragged to his death after being chained by the ankles to the back of a pickup truck by three white men—John William King, Lawrence Russell…

Richard E. Byrd was a U.S. naval officer, pioneer aviator, and polar explorer best known for his explorations of Antarctica using airplanes and other modern technical resources. After graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1912, Byrd was commissioned an ensign in the U.S. Navy. He learned flying

Richard E. Byrd was a U.S. naval officer, pioneer aviator, and polar explorer best known for his explorations of Antarctica using airplanes and other modern technical resources. After graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1912, Byrd was commissioned an ensign in the U.S. Navy. He learned flying

Robert C. Byrd was an American Democratic politician who served as a representative from West Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives (1953–59) and as a U.S. senator from West Virginia (1959–2010). Byrd was the longest-serving member of the Senate and longest-serving member of Congress in

Robert C. Byrd was an American Democratic politician who served as a representative from West Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives (1953–59) and as a U.S. senator from West Virginia (1959–2010). Byrd was the longest-serving member of the Senate and longest-serving member of Congress in

Professor Longhair was an American singer and pianist who helped shape the sound of New Orleans rhythm and blues from the mid-1940s. As a young boy living in New Orleans, Byrd learned the rudiments of music from his mother. He constructed his own instruments and played and danced in the streets for

William Byrd was an English organist and composer of the Shakespearean age who is best known for his development of the English madrigal. He also wrote virginal and organ music that elevated the English keyboard style. Of Byrd’s origins and early life in London little is known. He was a pupil and

William Byrd of Westover was a Virginia planter, satirist, and diarist who portrayed colonial life on the southern British plantations. He founded the city of Richmond, Virginia. His birthplace was the James River plantation home of his father, also named William Byrd, an Indian trader and slave

William Byrd of Westover was a Virginia planter, satirist, and diarist who portrayed colonial life on the southern British plantations. He founded the city of Richmond, Virginia. His birthplace was the James River plantation home of his father, also named William Byrd, an Indian trader and slave

the Byrds, American band of the 1960s who popularized folk rock, particularly the songs of Bob Dylan, and whose changes in personnel created an extensive family tree of major country rock bands and pop supergroups. The principal members were Roger McGuinn (original name James Joseph McGuinn III; b.

Byrhtferth of Ramsey was an English monk, among the most learned and well-read scholars of the 10th and 11th centuries, who is best known for his Enchiridion, a scientific textbook. Byrhtferth was a monk at Ramsey Abbey in England and was a student of the scholar Abbo of Fleury. Little else is

The Battle of Maldon: The English commander Earl Byrhtnoth replies that they will pay their tribute in spears and darts. When the Vikings cannot advance because of their poor position, Byrhtnoth recklessly allows them safe conduct across the stream, and the battle follows. In spite of Byrhtnoth’s supreme feats of courage, he is…

Barry Byrne was an American architect who emerged from the Prairie school of architecture influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright to develop a number of highly individual styles, especially in his designs for Roman Catholic ecclesiastical buildings. One of his finest works, the reinforced-concrete Church

David Byrne is a Scottish-born musician and interdisciplinary artist who was best known as the front man of the influential American art-rock group Talking Heads. He went on to gain respect for an eclectic solo career. As a child, Byrne moved with his Scottish parents to Canada and then to the

Bobby Fischer: …with a stunning victory over Donald Byrne at a tournament in New York City. In what was dubbed the “Game of the Century,” Fischer sacrificed his queen on the 17th move to Byrne to set up a devastating counterattack that led to checkmate. At age 16 he dropped out of…

Barry Byrne was an American architect who emerged from the Prairie school of architecture influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright to develop a number of highly individual styles, especially in his designs for Roman Catholic ecclesiastical buildings. One of his finest works, the reinforced-concrete Church

Marvel Comics: The Marvel universe: Writer Chris Claremont and artist John Byrne began a long collaboration on The Uncanny X-Men in 1975. The pair revitalized the flagging series with characters such as Wolverine and complex story arcs that soon made the X-Men franchise one of Marvel’s best sellers.

James Burke: …title fight between Burke and Simon Byrne, Byrne was beaten so badly that he died three days later of his injuries. Burke was arrested but later exonerated for Byrne’s death. This fight gave Burke the English heavyweight championship, although the previous holder of the title, Jem Ward, refused to cede…

James F. Byrnes was a Democratic Party politician and administrator who, during World War II, was popularly known as “assistant president for domestic affairs” in his capacity as U.S. director of war mobilization (1943–45). He also served effectively as secretary of state (1945–47) in the

James F. Byrnes was a Democratic Party politician and administrator who, during World War II, was popularly known as “assistant president for domestic affairs” in his capacity as U.S. director of war mobilization (1943–45). He also served effectively as secretary of state (1945–47) in the

military technology: Mail: …the knight’s mail shirt, or byrnie, became longer and closer-fitting, extending downward from the middle of the upper arm to the wrist; at the same time, the hem of the byrnie dropped from just above to just below the kneecap. Knights began wearing the gambeson, a quilted garment of leather…

John Byrom was an English poet, hymnist, and inventor of a system of shorthand. Byrom was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was elected fellow in 1714. He then went abroad, ostensibly to study medicine; in view of his Jacobite leanings his journey may have been political. On his

Byron Bay, town, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. The town is situated on Cape Byron, which shelters Byron Bay and is the easternmost point of the Australian mainland, Byron Bay is one of Australia’s best-known beach towns and is a major tourist destination. The Bundjalung nation of the

Edna O’Brien: Other works: …passions of Lord Byron in Byron in Love (2009).

forgery: Instances of literary forgery: George de Luna Byron, alias de Gibler, who claimed to be a natural son of Byron by a Spanish countess, successfully produced and disposed of large quantities of forgeries ascribed to his alleged father and to Shelley, John Keats, and others. More commonplace is the…

Lord Byron was a British Romantic poet and satirist whose poetry and personality captured the imagination of Europe. Renowned as the “gloomy egoist” of his autobiographical poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–18) in the 19th century, he is now more generally esteemed for the satiric realism of

John Byron was a British admiral, whose account (1768) of a shipwreck in South America was to some extent used by his grandson, the poet Lord Byron, in Don Juan. The second son of the 4th Baron Byron, he was a midshipman on board the Wager in 1741 when it was wrecked off the coast of Chile during

Lord Byron: Life and career: …the handsome and profligate Captain John (“Mad Jack”) Byron and his second wife, Catherine Gordon, a Scots heiress. After her husband had squandered most of her fortune, Mrs. Byron took her infant son to Aberdeen, Scotland, where they lived in lodgings on a meagre income; the captain died in France…

John Byron, 1st Baron Byron was an English Cavalier and Royalist during the Civil Wars. He was the eldest son of Sir John Byron (d. 1625), a member of an old Lancashire family which had settled at Newstead, near Nottingham. During the third decade of the 17th century Byron was member of Parliament

Ada Lovelace was an English mathematician, an associate of Charles Babbage, for whose prototype of a digital computer she created a program. She has been called the first computer programmer. Lovelace was the daughter of famed poet Lord Byron and Annabella Milbanke Byron, who legally separated two

Lord Byron was a British Romantic poet and satirist whose poetry and personality captured the imagination of Europe. Renowned as the “gloomy egoist” of his autobiographical poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–18) in the 19th century, he is now more generally esteemed for the satiric realism of

Russia: The Central Siberian Plateau: Farther north the Byrranga Mountains reach 3,760 feet (1,146 metres) on the Taymyr (Taimyr) Peninsula, which extends into the Arctic Ocean. On its eastern side the Central Siberian Plateau gives way to the low-lying Central Yakut Lowland.

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Byrrhidae (pill beetles) Small, oval; found under debris, in sand, at grass roots; about 350 species; widely distributed; example Byrrhus. Family Callirhipidae 9–27 mm in length; found in warm regions worldwide. Family Chelonariidae About 50 species in

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Superfamily Byrrhoidea Forecoxae large; antennae more or less thickened at tip; body short, with legs and antennae retractable into grooves on under surface. Family Byrrhidae (pill beetles) Small, oval; found under debris, in sand, at grass roots; about 350 species; widely distributed; example Byrrhus.

bivalve: Internal features: …are more correctly redefined as byssal retractors. The ctenidia and palps fulfil the same role as they do in burrowing lamellibranch bivalves, but, because of the triangular cross section of the shell, they come to lie largely underneath the visceral mass instead of beside it.

ark shell: …Barbatia, live attached by a byssus (a tuft of horny threads secreted by a gland on the foot) in rock and coral crevices. Other species, particularly of the genus Anadara, live shallowly buried in sands and silts. Some species, such as the western African Anadara senilis and the Southeast Asian…

byssinosis, respiratory disorder caused by inhalation of an endotoxin produced by bacteria in the fibres of cotton. Byssinosis is common among textile workers, who often inhale significant amounts of cotton dust. Cotton dust may stimulate inflammation that damages the normal structure of the lung

Byssonychia, extinct genus of Ordovician pelecypods (clams) that serves as a useful index fossil for the Ordovician Period (488.3 million to 443.7 million years ago). The distinctive shell of Byssonychia, one of the earliest clam genera known, is roughly triangular in outline, tapering sharply to a

ark shell: …Barbatia, live attached by a byssus (a tuft of horny threads secreted by a gland on the foot) in rock and coral crevices. Other species, particularly of the genus Anadara, live shallowly buried in sands and silts. Some species, such as the western African Anadara senilis and the Southeast Asian…

bystander effect, the inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a person’s willingness to help someone in need. Research has shown that, even in an emergency, a bystander is less likely to extend help when he or she is in the real or imagined presence of others than when he or she is alone.

Randolph Stow: …brought out his second novel, The Bystander, a further treatment of the themes of A Haunted Land. He later worked in an Anglican mission for Aborigines in northwest Australia, assisted an anthropologist in New Guinea, and traveled to England, Scotland, and Malta. In 1962 and again in 1968 he taught…

Neoclassical art: Denmark and Sweden: …pupils was the Swedish sculptor Johan Byström.

Yulia Tymoshenko: …November 2001 she founded the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (BYT; originally the National Rescue Forum) in opposition to Pres. Leonid Kuchma. Although Tymoshenko had previously been considered a strong candidate for the presidency, she formed an alliance with Yushchenko’s Our Ukraine party and supported his bid for president in 2004. During…

byte, the basic unit of information in computer storage and processing. A byte consists of 8 adjacent binary digits (bits), each of which consists of a 0 or 1. (Originally, a byte was any string of more than one bit that made up a simple piece of information like a single character. Thus, for

ByteDance, Chinese technology company that developed novel video-sharing social networking applications, most notably TikTok. ByteDance also serves as the parent company of several popular social media and news apps. What do you think? Explore the ProCon debate ByteDance was founded in 2012 by a

gastropod: Importance to humans: Freshwater snails of the family Bythinidae sometimes become so numerous that they clog the filter systems of pumping stations.

Bytom, city, Śląskie województwo (province), southern Poland. It is one of the oldest and largest industrial cities in the Upper Silesia coal region. Bytom’s origins were in the 11th century under the rule of King Bolesław I (the Brave). In the 12th century, lead and silver mines provided its

Ottawa, city, capital of Canada, located in southeastern Ontario. In the eastern extreme of the province, Ottawa is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River across from Gatineau, Quebec, at the confluence of the Ottawa (Outaouais), Gatineau, and Rideau rivers. The Ottawa River (some 790 miles