steel: Billet, bloom, beam, and slab: …300 by 400 millimetres, and beam blank casters produce large, dog-bone-like sections that are directly fed into an I-beam or H-beam rolling mill. Huge slab casters solidify sections up to 250 millimetres thick and 2,600 millimetres wide at production rates of up to three million tons per year.

beam bridge, simple bridge in which a horizontal beam is supported at each end. The beam bridge is the most common and oldest bridge form. The earliest examples were simple wooden beams placed across a stream or other declivity to serve as a crossing. Later, beam bridges were supported by wooden or

telecommunications media: The free-space channel: Signals are degraded by beam divergence, atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric scattering. Beam divergence can be minimized by collimating (making parallel) the transmitted light into a coherent narrow beam by using a laser light source for a transmitter. Atmospheric absorption losses can be minimized by choosing transmission wavelengths that lie…

clothing and footwear industry: Cutting processes: …knives, similar to band saws; die clickers, or beam presses; automatic computerized cutting systems with straight blades; and automated computerized laser-beam cutting machines.

rocket and missile system: Command: …early command guidance method was beam riding, in which the missile sensed a radar beam pointed at the target and automatically corrected back to it. Laser beams were later used for the same purpose. Also using a form of command guidance were television-guided missiles, in which a small television camera…

optics: Reflecting prisms: …semitransmitting surface are known as beam splitters and as such have many uses. An important application is found in some colour television cameras, in which the light from the lens is divided by two beam splitters in succession to form red, green, and blue images on the faces of three…

ship: Structural integrity: In a long-favoured application of beam theory to the design of a ship’s hull, the ship is assumed to be supported by a quasi-steady wave (i.e., not moving with respect to the ship) of a length equal to the length of the ship and one-twentieth of this length in height.…

commercial fishing: Beam or outrigger trawlers: With this type of vessel, two beam trawls are towed from booms extending to each side and supported by a central mast. The booms are very strong, as they take the full weight of the trawl being towed. The mast supporting the booms…

electron tube: Klystrons: …commonly referred to as the beam voltage. This voltage accelerates the DC electron beam to a high velocity before injecting it into the grids of the buncher cavity. The grids of the cavity enable the electrons to pass through, but they confine the magnetic fields within the cavity. The space…

tetrode: …specially designed tetrode, called the beam-power tube, has found extensive use in power amplification.

musical notation: Tempo and duration: …linking successive notes together by beaming, or stroking. Two eighth notes may be linked together as shown in (a); four sixteenth notes (b); or a mixed group of values (c):

Bob Beamon is an American long jumper, who set a world record of 8.90 metres (29.2 feet) at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. The new record surpassed the existing mark by an astounding 55 cm (21.65 inches) and stood for 23 years, until Mike Powell of the United States surpassed it in 1991.

isotope: Gas centrifugation: The American physicist Jesse W. Beams used a gas centrifuge to separate isotopes, specifically the isotopes of chlorine, for the first time in 1936. Much subsequent work focused on the separation of 235UF6 from 238UF6, for which the gas centrifuge promised considerable savings in energy costs. Today, something…

African pouched rat: Classification and paleontology: Although Beamys and Cricetomys are not represented by fossils, preserved fragments of Saccostomus provide evidence that its evolutionary history dates back three million to five million years during the Pliocene Epoch.

African pouched rat: Natural history: The long-tailed pouched rat (Beamys hindei) is nocturnal and a nimble climber. Medium-sized, it weighs up to 97 grams and has a body up to 16 cm long and a scantily haired tail about as long as the head and body. It constructs burrows in soft…

bean, edible seed or seedpod of certain leguminous plants of the family Fabaceae. The genera Phaseolus and Vigna have several species each of well-known beans, though a number of economically important species can be found in various genera throughout the family. Rich in protein and providing

Wang Yangming was a Chinese scholar-official whose idealistic interpretation of neo-Confucianism influenced philosophical thinking in East Asia for centuries. Though his career in government was rather unstable, his suppression of rebellions brought a century of peace to his region. His

Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllaceae, or the bean caper family, is a loose-knit assemblage of 22 genera and 285 species that mainly grow in the desert or saline environments of temperate and tropical regions. Most members are shrubs to small trees, often resinous, with opposite or spirally arranged…

tofu, soft, relatively flavourless food product made from soybeans. Tofu is an important source of protein in the cuisines of China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia. It is believed to date from the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce). Tofu is made from dried soybeans that are soaked in water, crushed,

Gwendolyn Brooks: The Bean Eaters: Brooks’s third collection, The Bean Eaters, contains some of her best verse, including her most famous poem, “We Real Cool.” Consisting of four short stanzas, each made up of two lines of one-syllable words, the poem describes seven boys who have skipped school to play pool.

pottery: Coloured glazes: …in the West as “peach bloom,” a pinkish red mottled with russet spots and tinged with green. The Chinese have various names for it, but perhaps the commonest is “bean red” (jiangdou hong). It is used on a white body. Most objects glazed in this way are small items…

banshee, (“woman of the fairies”) supernatural being in Irish and other Celtic folklore whose mournful “keening,” or wailing screaming or lamentation, at night was believed to foretell the death of a member of the family of the person who heard the spirit. In Ireland banshees were believed to warn

coin: Japan: …small lumps, also stamped, called bean silver. They were later augmented by issues of silver pieces in the same shape as the small rectangular gold coins.

Barbara Kingsolver: Kingsolver’s novel The Bean Trees (1988) concerns a woman who makes a meaningful life for herself and a young Cherokee girl with whom she moves from rural Kentucky to the Southwest. In Animal Dreams (1990) a disconnected woman finds purpose and moral challenges when she returns to…

seed beetle, (subfamily Bruchinae), any of some 1,350 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) whose larvae live in and feed on dried seeds. Seed beetles are oval or egg shaped, 1 to 10 mm (up to 25 inch) in length, and black or brown in colour. In adults the abdomen extends beyond the short

seed beetle: …weevil (Bruchus pisorum) and the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus), both of which occur throughout the world.

Alan Bean was an American astronaut and lunar module pilot on the Apollo 12 mission (November 14–22, 1969), during which two long walks totaling nearly eight hours were made on the Moon’s surface. Bean and commander Charles Conrad, Jr., piloted the lunar module Intrepid to a pinpoint landing near

Alan Bean was an American astronaut and lunar module pilot on the Apollo 12 mission (November 14–22, 1969), during which two long walks totaling nearly eight hours were made on the Moon’s surface. Bean and commander Charles Conrad, Jr., piloted the lunar module Intrepid to a pinpoint landing near

Australian literature: Nationalism and expansion: And C.E.W. Bean found the same slow rhythms of experience out on the great Western plains (On the Wool Track [1910]) and down the Darling River (The Dreadnought of the Darling [1911]). Like Banfield and Murdoch, he identified a genial world and men whose essential character…

Roy Bean was a justice of the peace and saloonkeeper who styled himself as the “law west of the Pecos.” For much of his life from the time he left his Kentucky home in 1847, Bean moved from town to town—in Mexico, Southern California, New Mexico, and Texas—getting into and fleeing from one scrape

Anish Kapoor: In 2004 Kapoor unveiled Cloud Gate in Chicago’s Millennium Park; the 110-ton elliptical archway of highly polished stainless steel—nicknamed “The Bean”—was his first permanent site-specific installation in the United States. For just over a month in 2006, Kapoor’s Sky Mirror, a concave stainless-steel mirror 35 feet (11 metres) in…

Oakland Athletics: …book about A’s general manager Billy Beane). Many other franchises began implementing variations of that strategy after Beane built teams that qualified for five postseason berths in a seven-year span (2000–06) while having one of the lowest payrolls in baseball.

Mourne Mountains, mountains astride a corner of Down district and Newry and Mourne district, formerly in County Down, Northern Ireland, a compact range of granite peaks rising abruptly from the Irish Sea at Carlingford Lough (inlet of the sea) and extending for 9 miles (14.5 km) between Newcastle

Bangor, town, Ards and North Down district, Northern Ireland. It lies on the southern shore of Belfast Lough (inlet of the sea). About 555 ce, St. Comgall founded a monastery at Bangor, which became a celebrated seat of learning. Incursions by Danes in the 9th century destroyed Bangor. It was

bingo, game of chance using cards on which there is a grid of numbers, a row of which constitute a win when they have been chosen at random. Bingo is one of the most popular forms of low-priced gambling in the world. To play bingo, which is a form of lottery, each player purchases one or more cards

Robert Clampett: …Clampett created an animated series, Beany and Cecil, based on the same characters. It had a successful run until 1967 and is regarded as the last TV cartoon series to feature full-figure animation.

bear, (family Ursidae), any of eight species of large short-tailed carnivores found in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is the smallest, often weighing less than 50 kg (110 pounds). The largest bear is either the Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi, a subspecies

Andrey Nikolayevich Tupolev: …Tupolev’s longtime associate, designed the Tu-95 (“Bear”), a huge turboprop bomber that first flew in 1954 and became one of the most durable military aircraft ever built. Two civilian aircraft were derived from these—the Tu-104, which appeared in 1955 and became one of the first jet transports to provide regular…

Tom Clancy: >The Bear and the Dragon (2000), The Teeth of the Tiger (2003), Dead or Alive (2010), and Command Authority (2013) are subsequent novels.

Cynthia Ozick: Heir to the Glimmering World (2004; also published as The Bear Boy) tells the story of a young woman hired as a nanny in the home of two Jewish-German academics exiled to New York City in the 1930s. Diction: A Quartet, a collection of four…

Alice Munro: Film adaptations: …erosions of Alzheimer disease, “The Bear Came over the Mountain,” originally published in Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage (2001), was made into the critically acclaimed film Away from Her (2006), directed by Sarah Polley and starring Julie Christie and Gordon Pinsent with Michael Murphy and Olympia Dukakis. Other film…

binturong, (Arctictis binturong), catlike omnivore of the civet family (Viverridae), found in dense forests of Southeast Asia. Its range extends from Nepal, India, and Bhutan southward to the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java and eastward to Borneo. It has long shaggy hair, tufted ears, and a

Brandi Carlile: Rise to fame: …to the studio to record Bear Creek (2012), an album named for the converted turn-of-the-century barn where it was recorded. The album reached number 10 on the Billboard 200 chart.

U.S. state flag consisting of a white field (background) with a grizzly bear above the words “California Republic” and a red stripe; in the upper hoist corner is a single red star.In the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846, which occurred during the Mexican-American War, a group of American settlers in what

Bear Flag Revolt, (June–July 1846), short-lived independence rebellion precipitated by American settlers in California’s Sacramento Valley against Mexican authorities. In 1846 approximately 500 Americans were living in California, compared with between 8,000 and 12,000 Mexicans. Nonetheless, early

bearbaiting: …at theatre-like arenas known as bear gardens.

yucca: gloriosa), and Adam’s needle (Y. filamentosa) are commonly cultivated as ornamentals for their unusual appearance and attractive flower clusters.

bear grass, (genus Xerophyllum), either of two species of North American plants constituting the genus Xerophyllum of the family Melanthiaceae. Despite their common name and grasslike leaves, the plants are not true grasses. Both species, common bear grass (Xerophyllum tenax) and turkey beard (X.

bear market, in securities and commodities trading, a declining market. A bear is an investor who expects prices to decline and, on this assumption, sells a borrowed security or commodity in the hope of buying it back later at a lower price, a speculative transaction called selling short. The term

scrub oak: scrub oak refers to Q. ilicifolia, also known as bear oak, native to the eastern United States. It is an intricately branched ornamental shrub, about 6 meters (20 feet) tall, with hollylike leaves and many small striped acorns.

Western architecture: The United States: produced four masterpieces: Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania (1936), the daringly cantilevered weekend house of Edgar Kaufmann; the administration building of S.C. Johnson & Son in Racine, Wisconsin, in which brick cylinders and planes develop a series of echoing spaces, culminating in the forest of graceful “mushroom” columns in the…

financial crisis of 2007–08: Key events of the crisis: …prestigious Wall Street investment firm Bear Stearns, having exhausted its liquid assets, was purchased by JPMorgan Chase, which itself had sustained billions of dollars in losses. Fearing that Bear Stearns’s bankruptcy would threaten other major banks from which it had borrowed, the Fed facilitated the sale by assuming $30 billion…

Acanthaceae: …and includes such ornamentals as bear’s-breech (Acanthus mollis), clockvine (Thunbergia), shrimp plant (Justicia brandegeana), and caricature-plant (Graptophyllum pictum). The largest genera include Justicia (600 species; now comprising former segregate genera such as Jacobinia and

The Bear, novelette by William Faulkner, early versions of which first appeared as “Lion” in Harper’s Magazine of December 1935 and as “The Bear” in The Saturday Evening Post in 1942 before it was published that same year as one of the seven chapters in the novel Go Down, Moses. Critical

The Bear, American television dramedy about Carmen (“Carmy”) Berzatto (Jeremy Allen White), a fine-dining chef who returns to Chicago to help run his family’s Italian beef sandwich shop. Since its 2022 premiere, it has been among the most popular broadcast shows. It is produced by FX and appears on

Liv Ullmann: … (1977), in the Chekhov comedy The Bear (1978), and in The Human Voice (1979), in which she turned in a riveting 45-minute soliloquy.

Sonny Liston was an American boxer who was world heavyweight boxing champion from September 25, 1962, when he knocked out Floyd Patterson in the first round in Chicago, until February 25, 1964, when he stopped fighting Cassius Clay (afterward Muhammad Ali) before the seventh round at Miami Beach,

Abominable Snowman, mythical monster resembling a large, hairy, apelike being supposed to inhabit the Himalayas at about the level of the snow line. Though reports of actual sightings of such a creature are rare, certain mysterious markings in the snow have traditionally been attributed to it.

Kerry: …to Valencia Island; and the Beara Peninsula, the most southerly one, which Kerry shares with Cork. The highest elevations on the peninsulas include Baurtregaum (2,798 feet [853 metres]) and Brandon Mountain (3,127 feet [953 metres]) on the Dingle Peninsula and Mangerton (2,756 feet [840 metres]) and Carrantuohill (3,414 feet [1,041

bearbaiting, the setting of dogs on a bear or a bull chained to a stake by the neck or leg. Popular from the 12th to the 19th century, when they were banned as inhumane, these spectacles were usually staged at theatre-like arenas known as bear gardens. In England many large groups of bears were

bearberry, (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), flowering prostrate evergreen shrubs of the heath family (Ericaceae), occurring widely throughout the northern reaches of Europe, Asia, and North America in rocky and sandy woods and in open areas. It has woody stems that are often 1.5–1.8 metres (5–6 feet)

beard, hair grown upon a man’s chin and cheeks. Frequently a badge of full manhood, it has been held in high honour in various periods of history. The wearing of a beard is a matter of religious observance for men of many faiths, such as some Jews, Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians. The first man, the

Poaceae: Characteristic morphological features: …may develop one or more awns, needlelike structures that may catch on animal fur. The base of the spikelet may be hardened into a pointed, hairy callus. The callus is usually best developed in spikelets with an awn that twists when atmospheric humidity changes. As the awn twists, it drills…

bluestem, (genus Andropogon), genus of approximately 100 species of grasses in the family Poaceae. Bluestems are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical zones and can be annual or perennial. Several species are grown as hay and forage plants. Bluestem grasses are coarse, sometimes tufted

beard lichen, (genus Usnea), genus of yellow or greenish fruticose (bushy, branched) lichens with long stems and disk-shaped holdfasts, which resemble tangled masses of threads. They are widely distributed and occur in both the Arctic and the tropics, where they are eaten by wild animals or

beard lichen, (genus Usnea), genus of yellow or greenish fruticose (bushy, branched) lichens with long stems and disk-shaped holdfasts, which resemble tangled masses of threads. They are widely distributed and occur in both the Arctic and the tropics, where they are eaten by wild animals or

beard worm, (family Siboglinidae), any of a group of polychaetes (marine worms) constituting the family Siboglinidae. Beard worms live sedentary lives in long protective tubes on the seafloor throughout the world. The common name beard worm refers to the beardlike mass of pinnate (featherlike)

Charles A. Beard was an American historian, best known for his iconoclastic studies of the development of U.S. political institutions. His emphasis on the dynamics of socioeconomic conflict and change and his analysis of motivational factors in the founding of institutions made him one of the most

Charles A. Beard was an American historian, best known for his iconoclastic studies of the development of U.S. political institutions. His emphasis on the dynamics of socioeconomic conflict and change and his analysis of motivational factors in the founding of institutions made him one of the most

Daniel Beard was an American illustrator, author, and outdoor enthusiast who was a pioneer of the youth scouting movement in the United States. Beard’s article on woodcraft appeared in the 14th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (see the Britannica Classic: woodcraft). Beard was the son of

Daniel Beard was an American illustrator, author, and outdoor enthusiast who was a pioneer of the youth scouting movement in the United States. Beard’s article on woodcraft appeared in the 14th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (see the Britannica Classic: woodcraft). Beard was the son of

ZZ Top: …27, 2021, Houston), and drummer Frank Beard (b. June 11, 1949, Frankston, Texas).

National Lampoon: Origin, success, and decline: …established by Harvard University graduates Henry Beard, Robert Hoffman, and Doug Kenney, all of whom had worked on The Harvard Lampoon, a college humour magazine established in 1876. During their tenure at The Harvard Lampoon, Beard, Hoffman, and Kenney were instrumental in publishing several nationally distributed magazine and book parodies,…

James Beard was an American culinary expert who championed simple American and English dishes and wrote one of the first serious books on outdoor cooking. In 1945, he became the first chef to demonstrate cooking on network television. Through the James Beard Cooking School, opened in 1955 in

historiography: Women’s history: An exception was Mary Ritter Beard (1876–1958), who coauthored a number of books with her more famous husband, Charles Beard, and also wrote Women as a Force in History, arguably the first general work in American women’s history.

history of photography: Development of the daguerreotype: …in Europe was opened by Richard Beard in a glasshouse on the roof of the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London on March 23, 1841. Unlike the many daguerreotypists who were originally scientists or miniature painters, Beard had been a coal merchant and patent speculator. Having acquired the exclusive British license…

bellbird: The mossy-throated, bearded, or black-winged bellbird (P. averano) has many thin wattles hanging from the throat. The three-wattled bellbird (P. tricarunculata), confined to Central America, has three bill wattles. One hangs from each corner of the mouth, and another dangles from the bill’s upper base, each wattle measuring about…

bearded collie, dog breed developed in Great Britain for herding sheep and driving cattle to market; it is one the oldest British breeds, and its ancestors may have included herding dogs from the Continent. The bearded collie is a medium-sized dog covered with a long, shaggy coat covering even the

Eberhard I was a count, later the 1st duke of Württemberg (from 1495), an administrative and ecclesiastic reformer who laid the foundations for Württemberg’s role in German history. Eberhard expanded his territories and in 1482 established primogeniture and settled the succession to his holdings.

Iridaceae: Major genera and species: …known are the bearded, or German, group—the common garden irises, many of which are hybrids. The water-loving Japanese iris (Iris ensata), frequently featured in Japanese watercolours. The yellow, or water, flag (I. pseudacorus) is a swamp plant native to Eurasia and North Africa; the blue flag (I. versicolor) occupies similar…

Kate Grenville: …she published her first book, Bearded Ladies, a collection of short stories that explored gender, power, and Australian national identity, all of which would remain central to Grenville’s later work. Lilian’s Story (1984), her first published novel, and Dreamhouse (1986) both examined women struggling against oppressive situations: Lilian Singer is…

textile: Knitting machines: The bearded needle, made from thin wire, has one end bent, forming an operating handle; the other end is drawn out and bent over, forming a long flexible tipped hook resembling a beard. A smooth groove, or eye, is cut in the stem or shank of…

chinstrap penguin, (Pygoscelis antarctica), species of penguin (order Sphenisciformes) characterized by a cap of black plumage on the top of the head, a white face, and a fine, continuous band of black feathers that extends from one side of the head to the other across each cheek and under the

sweet William, (Dianthus barbatus), garden plant in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae), grown for its clusters of small bright-coloured flowers. It is usually treated as a biennial, seed sown the first year producing flowering plants the second year. The plant, growing to a height of 60 cm (2 feet),

reedling, (species Panurus biarmicus), songbird often placed in the family Panuridae (order Passeriformes) but also sometimes classified with the Sylviidae or Timaliidae. It lives in reedy marshes from England to eastern Asia. About 16 cm (6.5 inches) long, the male wears subtle reddish, yellowish,

rhododendron: Physical description: arboreum), bearded rhododendron (R. barbatum), and the critically endangered big tree rhododendron (R. protistum variety giganteum) from Asia, some in excess of 12 meters (40 feet) high. Leaves are thick and leathery and are evergreen in all but the azalea species, some of which are deciduous.…

saki: Bearded sakis (Chiropotes) are not as well known as true sakis. Each of the six species is about 40–45 cm (about 16–18 inches) long, excluding the heavily furred tail, which ranges in length from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the body. Females weigh 2.5…

bearded seal, (Erignathus barbatus), nonmigratory seal of the family Phocidae, distinguished by the bushy, bristly whiskers for which it is named; it is also known as “squareflipper” after the rectangular shape of the foreflipper. Highly valued by Eskimos for its hide, meat, and blubber, the

reedling, (species Panurus biarmicus), songbird often placed in the family Panuridae (order Passeriformes) but also sometimes classified with the Sylviidae or Timaliidae. It lives in reedy marshes from England to eastern Asia. About 16 cm (6.5 inches) long, the male wears subtle reddish, yellowish,

lammergeier, (Gypaetus barbatus), large eaglelike vulture of the Old World (family Accipitridae), frequently over 1 metre (40 inches) long, with a wingspread of nearly 3 metres (10 feet). The lammergeier inhabits mountainous regions from central Asia and eastern Africa to Spain. It also occurs in

Bartmannkrug, type of 16th-century German jug, characterized by a round belly and a mask of a bearded man applied in relief to the neck. This salt-glazed stoneware jug is associated particularly with Cologne and Frechen, where it was manufactured in considerable numbers. It was sometimes called a

Romare Bearden was an American painter, whose collages of photographs and painted paper on canvas depict aspects of American black culture in a style derived from Cubism. He is considered one of the most important African American artists of the 20th century. Bearden was born in North Carolina but

Romare Bearden was an American painter, whose collages of photographs and painted paper on canvas depict aspects of American black culture in a style derived from Cubism. He is considered one of the most important African American artists of the 20th century. Bearden was born in North Carolina but

beardfish, any of the five species of fishes in the genus Polymixia constituting the family Polymixiidae (order Polymixiiformes). Beardfishes are restricted primarily to deep-sea marine habitats in tropical and temperate regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They generally are found at depths

bluestem, (genus Andropogon), genus of approximately 100 species of grasses in the family Poaceae. Bluestems are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical zones and can be annual or perennial. Several species are grown as hay and forage plants. Bluestem grasses are coarse, sometimes tufted

Beardmore Glacier, glacier in central Antarctica, descending about 7,200 ft (2,200 m) from the South Polar Plateau to Ross Ice Shelf, dividing the Transantarctic Mountains of Queen Maud and Queen Alexandra. One of the world’s largest known valley glaciers, it is 125 mi (200 km) long and is 25 mi in

Aubrey Beardsley was the leading English illustrator of the 1890s and, after Oscar Wilde, the outstanding figure in the Aestheticism movement. Drawing was a strong interest from early childhood, and Beardsley practiced it while earning his living as a clerk. Beardsley’s meeting with the English

Aubrey Beardsley was the leading English illustrator of the 1890s and, after Oscar Wilde, the outstanding figure in the Aestheticism movement. Drawing was a strong interest from early childhood, and Beardsley practiced it while earning his living as a clerk. Beardsley’s meeting with the English

intentional fallacy: , and Monroe C. Beardsley in The Verbal Icon (1954), the approach was a reaction to the popular belief that to know what the author intended—what he had in mind at the time of writing—was to know the correct interpretation of the work. Although a seductive topic…

beard worm, (family Siboglinidae), any of a group of polychaetes (marine worms) constituting the family Siboglinidae. Beard worms live sedentary lives in long protective tubes on the seafloor throughout the world. The common name beard worm refers to the beardlike mass of pinnate (featherlike)