Cork: …long, scenic promontories such as Beare Peninsula. At the head of Bantry Bay is Glengariff, where subtropical vegetation survives because of the mild winters.

jewelry: African: …the emblem of the “bearer of souls,” a decorated disk that, together with other insignia, was borne by the king’s pages. On the back of the disk was a little tube through which a gold wire or cord was run. The decoration of these disks consisted of a mixture…

Powell River, river rising in Wise county, southwestern Virginia, U.S., and flowing southwest through Big Stone Gap in the Cumberland Plateau into Tennessee to enter the Clinch River at Norris Dam, 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Knoxville, Tenn. Approximately half of its total length of about 150

navigation: Direction finders: This direction, called a bearing, can be marked on the chart as a line passing through the identified reference point. A similar line corresponding to a second bearing will intersect the first and fix the position of the vessel relative to the navigation hazard, as shown in the figure.

bearing, in machine construction, a connector (usually a support) that permits the connected members to rotate or to move in a straight line relative to one another. Often one of the members is fixed, and the bearing acts as a support for the moving member. Most bearings support rotating shafts

construction: Foundations: A bearing pile is a device to transmit the load of the building through a layer of soil too weak to take the load to a stronger layer of soil some distance underground; the pile acts as a column to carry the load down to the…

steel: Bearing steels: One important group that well demonstrates the enormous impact of material developments on engineering possibilities is the steels used for roller and ball bearings. These steels often contain 1 percent carbon, 1.2 percent chromium, 0.25 percent nickel, and 0.25 percent molybdenum and are…

bearing wall, Wall that carries the load of floors and roof above in addition to its own weight. The traditional masonry bearing wall is thickened in proportion to the forces it has to resist: its own weight, the dead load of floors and roof, the live load of people, as well as the lateral forces

Béarn, historic and cultural region encompassing mountainous regions of the southwestern French département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and coextensive with the former province of Béarn. Béarn’s name can be traced to the town of Beneharnum (Lescar). Béarn was conquered by the Vascones (the ancestors of

Alexander Gordon Bearn was a British-born American physician and geneticist who discovered the hereditary nature of Wilson disease and established the basis for diagnostic tests and novel forms of treatment for the disease. Bearn’s work, which provided an important model for the identification,

Henry IV was the king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and the first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de

Pyrenees: People and economy: including the Andorrans, Catalans, Béarnais, and Basques. Each speaks its own dialect or language, and each desires to maintain and even augment its own autonomy while at the same time acknowledging a general unity among Pyrenean peoples. Of these groups, only the Andorrans have anything approaching a sovereign state,…

Pyrenees: People and economy: including the Andorrans, Catalans, Béarnais, and Basques. Each speaks its own dialect or language, and each desires to maintain and even augment its own autonomy while at the same time acknowledging a general unity among Pyrenean peoples. Of these groups, only the Andorrans have anything approaching a sovereign state,…

Royal Dutch Shell PLC: In 1878 in London, Marcus Samuel (1853–1927) took over his father’s import-export business (which included the import of Oriental shells—hence the later name) and started a sideline of handling consignments of kerosene. In 1892 he began operating tankers sailing to the Far East and set up oil depots and…

Beartooth Range, segment of the northern Rocky Mountains in the United States, extending east-southeastward for 50 miles (80 km) from the Stillwater River, in southern Montana, to the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River, in northwestern Wyoming. Many peaks rise to more than 12,000 feet (3,700 m),

Beas River, river in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab states, northwestern India. It is one of the five rivers that give the Punjab (“Five Rivers”) its name. The Beas rises at an elevation of 14,308 feet (4,361 metres) at Rohtang Pass in the western (Punjab) Himalayas (a section of the vast Himalayas

Myrlie Evers-Williams is an African American activist and the wife of civil rights leader Medgar Evers, whose racially motivated murder in 1963 made him a national icon. In 1995–98 Evers-Williams was the first woman to head the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In

roller coaster: Introduction of steel coasters: …featuring dual coasters, and the Beast (1979), the longest in the world—both at Kings Island. Nostalgia also fueled the formation of the American Coaster Enthusiasts in 1978, a fan club that supports the conservation of old coasters, maintaining an international list of almost three dozen “Coaster Classics.”

beast epic, popular genre in various literatures, consisting of a lengthy cycle of animal tales that provides a satiric commentary on human society. Although individual episodes may be drawn from fables, the beast epic differs from the fable not only in length but also in putting less emphasis on a

beast fable, a prose or verse fable or short story that usually has a moral. In beast fables animal characters are represented as acting with human feelings and motives. Among the best-known examples in Western literature are those attributed to the legendary Greek author Aesop. The best-known

The Beast in the Jungle, short story by Henry James that first appeared in The Better Sort (1903). Despite its slow pace, implausible dialogue, and excessively ornate style, it is a suspenseful story of despair, with powerful images of fire, ice, and hunting. “The Beast in the Jungle” concerns John

pack animal, any domesticated animal that is used to carry freight, goods, or supplies. The ass or donkey is the oldest-known pack animal, having been in use possibly as early as 3500 bc. Pack animals are most often used in terrain where wheeled vehicles would encounter difficulty. Camels, for

beast tale, a prose or verse narrative similar to the beast fable in that it portrays animal characters acting as humans but unlike the fable in that it usually lacks a moral. Joel Chandler Harris’s Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings (1880) derived many episodes from beast tales carried to the

number of the beast, well-known instance of biblical numerology appearing in chapter 13, verse 18 of the Revelation to John. The number of the beast is usually referred to as 666, although the earliest extant written copy of Revelation gives the number as 616. While the exact identity of the beast

Léa Seydoux: Later roles: …Morning) and La Bête (2023; The Beast).

Jimmie Foxx was an American professional baseball player, the second man in major league history to hit 500 home runs. (Babe Ruth was the first.) A right-handed hitter who played mostly at first base, he finished with a total of 534 home runs. His career batting average was .325. Foxx was a

Beastie Boys, American hip-hop group, the first white rap performers to gain a substantial following. As such, they were largely responsible for the growth of rap’s mainstream audience. The principal members were MCA (byname of Adam Yauch; b. August 5, 1964, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.—d. May 4, 2012,

Beastie Boys: The documentary Beastie Boys Story was released in 2020.

Vikram Seth: …wrote the 10 stories of Beastly Tales from Here and There (1992) in tetrametre couplets. Later poetry collections included The Poems, 1981–1994 (1995) and Summer Requiem (2015).

Idris Elba: Stardom: The Wire, Luther, and Thor: …unnamed African civil war, in Beasts of No Nation (2015); for the latter film he earned a BAFTA Award nomination.

Alain Mabanckou: Nonfiction and translations: …Nigerian American Uzodinma Iweala’s novel Beasts of No Nation into French. He also penned a tribute to American writer James Baldwin, Lettre à Jimmy (2007), and wrote two memoirs, Demain j’aurai vingt ans (2010; Tomorrow I’ll Be Twenty, a finalist for the Man Booker Prize), written in the voice of…

beat, in physics, the pulsation caused by the combination of two waves of slightly different frequencies. The principle of beats for sound waves can be demonstrated on a piano by striking a white key and an adjacent black key at the bass end of the keyboard. The resulting sound is alternately soft

beat, in music, the basic rhythmic unit of a measure, or bar, not to be confused with rhythm as such; nor is the beat necessarily identical with the underlying pulse of a given piece of music, which may extend over more than a single beat. The number and relative positions of accented and

Donovan: …recalled Donovan’s earliest work, and Beat Cafe (2004), a lyrically clever collection that evoked the coffeehouse atmosphere of the Beat era. In 2012 Donovan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Beat movement, American social and literary movement originating in the 1950s and centred in the bohemian artist communities of San Francisco’s North Beach, Los Angeles’ Venice West, and New York City’s Greenwich Village. Its adherents, self-styled as “beat” (originally meaning “weary,” but later

Sonny Bono: Sonny and Cher: …Me Down)” (1966) and “The Beat Goes On” (1967). The former was released on Cher’s second solo album, The Sonny Side of Chér.

Ian Rankin: The Beat Goes On: The Complete Rebus Short Stories (2014) collected his short fiction featuring the hard-bitten inspector. The play Rebus: Long Shadows, which Rankin wrote with Rona Munro, debuted in 2018.

Michael Jackson: Thriller: …territory with the song “Beat It,” which features a raucous solo from famed guitarist Eddie Van Halen. Moreover, “Beat It” helped break down the artificial barriers between Black and white artists on the radio and in the emerging format of music videos. For a discussion of Thriller and its…

joint disease: Bursitis: …bursitis are exemplified by “beat knee,” a bursitis that develops below the kneecap because of severe or prolonged pressure on the knee. Bloody fluid distends the bursa and, unless removed early, may cause the walls of the bursa to become thickened permanently. Treatment, which involves protection from further irritation…

Beat movement, American social and literary movement originating in the 1950s and centred in the bohemian artist communities of San Francisco’s North Beach, Los Angeles’ Venice West, and New York City’s Greenwich Village. Its adherents, self-styled as “beat” (originally meaning “weary,” but later

DJ Kool Herc: Career and the birth of hip-hop: …in the 1984 dance film Beat Street, one of the first feature films to focus on the hip-hop movement. That same year, his father died, and Herc struggled with depression and drug addiction, for which he underwent treatment. He summed up his hip-hop journey in the introduction to Jeff Chang’s…

Kitano Takeshi is a Japanese actor, director, writer, and television personality who is known for his dexterity with both comedic and dramatic material. Kitano was born into a working-class family in Tokyo. He planned to become an engineer but dropped out of college to enter show business in 1972.

John Huston: Films of the 1950s of John Huston: …by Bogart’s Santana production company, Beat the Devil (1953) was filmed in Italy. A delightful spoof of The Maltese Falcon, it featured Bogart, Lorre, Jennifer Jones, Robert Morley, and Gina Lollobrigida as a motley shipboard assembly of adventurers, frauds, and con artists trying to locate a uranium mine while enduring…

Nicholas Hytner: He later directed Beat the Devil (2020), a monologue by Hare about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Drum-Taps: …Run is reflected in “Beat! Beat! Drums!” while an understanding of the depth of suffering of the wounded informs “Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night.”

Two-Tone Movement: …and the Beat (called the English Beat in the United States) split to become General Public and the Fine Young Cannibals. The legacy of 2-Tone would be explored during the American ska revival of the late 1990s. During the heyday of 2-Tone, and a little farther north, in Birmingham, another…

Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The later years of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: … is evident from the symbolic Beata Beatrix, painted in 1863 and now in the Tate Gallery.

illuminati: Early illuminati: …style her as a “pre-Alumbrado”—was María de Santo Domingo, who came to be known as La Beata de Piedrahita. She was a labourer’s daughter, born in Aldeanueva, south of Salamanca, about 1485. She joined the Dominican order as a teenager and soon achieved renown as a prophet and mystic who…

Rachel de Queiroz: …critics preferred her second play, A Beata Maria do Egito (1958; “Blessed Mary of Egypt”), which updates the legend of the martyr Saint Maria Egipciaça, setting the action in a small Brazilian backwater. Her third effort was Teatro (1995; “Theatre”).

Beata Ridge, submarine ridge of the southern Caribbean Sea floor. The Beata Ridge trends south-southwest from Beata Cape on the island of Hispaniola and divides this part of the sea into two distinct areas, the Colombian and the Venezuelan abyssal plains. The Aruba Gap, a narrow connection between

vaulting: A Reuther board (also called a beatboard), a special type of springboard developed in Germany, is placed in front of the near end of the apparatus. The gymnast takes a run, gathers momentum as he or she nears the apparatus, rebounds off the springboard, and, with…

percussion instrument: Membranophones: …struck with the hands, with beaters, or with both combined or with the knotted ends of a thong or cord. Beaters can be cylindrical, club-shaped, straight, curved, or angled, with or without knobs or padding, or may take the form of a switch or wire brush. Friction drums are sounded…

Benedict XII: …over the question of the Beatific Vision, a vision of God promised to the redeemed. John had preached in several sermons that this vision would be granted only after Judgment Day. Benedict ended the dispute by issuing a bull, Benedictus Deus (1336), in which he formulated the church’s teaching that…

beatification, in the Roman Catholic Church, the second of the three stages in the process of canonization. In beatification a deceased person is declared “Blessed” and worthy of limited public veneration. Responsibility for beatification was assigned to the Roman Curia under Pope Sixtus V in the

hunting: Hunting methods: Such game must be driven into the open. This may be done with the help of a number of people or dogs or, as in certain parts of India, with the aid of a line of elephants. These methods are known universally as driving, or beating.

textile: The weaving process: …woven, a further operation called beating in, or beating up, is necessary to push the pick to the desired distance away from the last one inserted previously. Although beating in usually takes place while the shed is changing, it is normally completed before the new shed is fully formed.

wind instrument: The Baroque and Classical periods: The beating reed adapted in the Renaissance regal (a small pipe organ) was taken into the organ proper and formed a variety of useful colours.

textile: The weaving process: …woven, a further operation called beating in, or beating up, is necessary to push the pick to the desired distance away from the last one inserted previously. Although beating in usually takes place while the shed is changing, it is normally completed before the new shed is fully formed.

Beatitude, any of the blessings said by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount as told in the biblical New Testament in Matthew 5:3–12 and in the Sermon on the Plain in Luke 6:20–23. Named from the initial words (beati sunt, “blessed are”) of those sayings in the Latin Vulgate Bible, the Beatitudes

César Franck: …ideas, as in the oratorio Les Béatitudes (written during the 1870s and performed posthumously) and the symphonic poems Le Chasseur maudit (1882; The Accursed Hunter) and Les Djinns (1884). On the other hand, the Sonata in A Major for Violin and Piano and the Variations symphoniques remain as all but…

A Hard Day’s Night: Released during the height of Beatlemania and the British Invasion, A Hard Day’s Night is now widely considered a classic.

the Beatles: Life goes on: solo projects: …in 1995 and 1996 as The Beatles Anthology, a collection of six compact discs that supplemented a 10-hour-long authorized video documentary of the same name. A compilation of the band’s number one singles, 1, appeared in 2000 and enjoyed worldwide success, topping the charts in several countries.

Ringo Starr: Joining the Beatles: …Beatles (1964); “Honey Don’t” on Beatles for Sale in the United Kingdom and Beatles ’65 in the United States (both 1964); “Act Naturally” on Help! (1965); “Yellow Submarine” on Revolver (1966); and “With a Little Help from My Friends” on Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967). In the late…

The Fab Four. John, Paul, George, and Ringo. The Beatles were four young musicians from the working-class seaport city of Liverpool, England, who accomplished nothing less than changing the course of rock and roll and transforming youth culture. From 1962, the year that Ringo Starr joined up with

John Lennon: The Beatles breakup, solo career, and marriage to Yoko Ono: …and “I’m So Tired” on The Beatles (1968) through the solo debut Plastic Ono Band (1970) through his half of Double Fantasy (1980)—reflects Ono’s belief in art without artifice. Whether or not they actually eschewed artifice, that was one impression they strove to create.

Ron Howard: The Beatles: Eight Days a Week—The Touring Years (2016) recounts the band’s 250 concerts, while Pavarotti (2019) chronicles the life and career of the prolific opera singer. In 2020 Howard helmed the documentary Rebuilding Paradise, about a California town’s efforts to rebuild after a wildfire…

Peter Jackson: His next project was The Beatles: Get Back (2021), a universally praised docuseries about the legendary British band. It focused on the period surrounding the group’s last public performance, an unannounced rooftop concert in 1969.

Rock Band: Among the most successful was The Beatles: Rock Band, in which players assumed the roles of rock’s legendary foursome. It was released on Sept. 9, 2009, the same day that Apple Corps Ltd. rereleased the entire Beatles catalog in new, digitally remastered versions.

Beat movement, American social and literary movement originating in the 1950s and centred in the bohemian artist communities of San Francisco’s North Beach, Los Angeles’ Venice West, and New York City’s Greenwich Village. Its adherents, self-styled as “beat” (originally meaning “weary,” but later

history of photography: Photojournalism: …to India with an associate, Felice Beato, to record the aftermath of the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58.

David Beaton was a Scottish cardinal and statesman who promoted a close alliance between Scotland and France and who was an implacable opponent of the Scottish Reformation. Beaton became archbishop of St. Andrews in 1539 and papal legate in Scotland in 1544. Beginning his political career in 1529,

James Beaton was the primate of Scotland from 1522 and chancellor from 1513 to 1526. Uncle of the cardinal David Beaton, he was abbot of Dunfermline, Kilwinning, and Arbroath and successively archbishop of Glasgow (1509–22) and of St. Andrews (1522–39). As treasurer of Scotland (1505–09) and

James Beaton was the last Roman Catholic archbishop of Glasgow. A son of John Bethune of Auchmuty and a nephew of the cardinal David Beaton, James Beaton was a trusted adviser of the Scottish regent, Mary of Lorraine, widow of James V, and a determined foe of the Protestant reformers. Educated in

Sir Cecil Beaton was a photographer known primarily for his portraits of celebrated persons. He also worked as an illustrator, a diarist, and an Academy Award-winning costume and set designer. Beaton’s interest in photography began when, as a young boy, he admired portraits of society women and

Sir Cecil Beaton was a photographer known primarily for his portraits of celebrated persons. He also worked as an illustrator, a diarist, and an Academy Award-winning costume and set designer. Beaton’s interest in photography began when, as a young boy, he admired portraits of society women and

Beatrice, the woman to whom the great Italian poet Dante dedicated most of his poetry and almost all of his life, from his first sight of her at the age of nine (“from that time forward, Love quite governed my soul”) through his glorification of her in La divina commedia (The Divine Comedy),

Beatrice, city, seat of Gage county, in the Big Blue River valley, southeastern Nebraska, U.S., located about 40 miles (65 km) south of Lincoln and 20 miles (32 km) north of the Kansas state line. Oto Indians were early inhabitants. Established in 1857, it was named for the daughter of one of its

Beatrice, the niece of Leonato, who is governor of Messina, and Hero’s cousin in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing. Beatrice is a feisty, witty foil to her docile, gentle cousin and a perfect match for Benedick, who also shuns

Margaret Of Provence: …Provence to her youngest sister, Beatrice, who in 1246 was married to Charles of Anjou, a brother of Louis IX. After Louis IX’s death (1270) Margaret did all she could to thwart Charles’s ambitions.

Beatrijs, lyric narrative containing a noted medieval European Mary legend. The oldest extant Beatrijs manuscript dates from 1374, although it is thought to be taken from an earlier collection, Dialogue miraculorum (c. 1200) by Caesarius of Heisterbach. An anonymous text written in an East Flemish

Beatrix was the queen of the Netherlands from 1980 to 2013. The eldest of four daughters born to Princess (later Queen) Juliana and Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Beatrix went into exile with her family when the Germans overran the Netherlands in World War II, and she spent the war years in Britain

Beatrix was the queen of the Netherlands from 1980 to 2013. The eldest of four daughters born to Princess (later Queen) Juliana and Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Beatrix went into exile with her family when the Germans overran the Netherlands in World War II, and she spent the war years in Britain

Portugal: The kingdom and the Reconquista: …Matilde of Boulogne, Afonso married Beatriz, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X of Castile, holding the disputed territory of the Algarve as a fief of Castile until the eldest son of the marriage should reach age seven, at which time the Algarve was to return to Portugal. This marriage led to…

Salma Hayek: …Be a Latin Lover (2017), Beatriz at Dinner (2017), Drunk Parents (2018), and The Hummingbird Project (2018). In the action comedies The Hitman’s Bodyguard (2017) and The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard (2021), Hayek played a woman married to an assassin. In 2023 she costarred with Channing Tatum in

Kate DiCamillo: DiCamillo later published The Beatryce Prophecy (2021), a fairy tale about a young girl who is reportedly destined to unseat a king.

Ann Beattie is an American writer of short stories and novels whose characters, having come of age in the 1960s, often have difficulties adjusting to the cultural values of later generations. Beattie graduated from the American University in Washington, D.C., in 1969 and received a master of arts

James Beattie was a Scottish poet and essayist, whose once-popular poem The Minstrel was one of the earliest works of the Romantic movement. Beattie was a farmer’s son. He graduated from Marischal College, Aberdeen, and became professor of moral philosophy there. At the age of 25, he published

biblical literature: Papyri: P45, Beatty Biblical Papyrus I (and some leaves in Vienna), contains 30 leaves of an early- or mid-3rd-century codex of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, and Acts. Each Gospel is of a different text type, and, although the leaves are mutilated, the Alexandrian text appears to predominate…

Clyde Beatty was an American wild animal trainer known for his “fighting act,” designed to show his courage and mastery of the ferocious animals under his control. In one of the most daring acts in circus history, he mixed 40 lions and tigers of both sexes. He also used dangerous combinations of

Clyde Beatty was an American wild animal trainer known for his “fighting act,” designed to show his courage and mastery of the ferocious animals under his control. In one of the most daring acts in circus history, he mixed 40 lions and tigers of both sexes. He also used dangerous combinations of

David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty was a British admiral of the fleet, who commanded Britain’s battle cruisers in the Battle of Jutland (1916). Beatty was the son of Captain David Longfield Beatty. He began training as a naval cadet in 1884. From 1896 to 1898 he served in Egypt and the Sudan and then in

David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty was a British admiral of the fleet, who commanded Britain’s battle cruisers in the Battle of Jutland (1916). Beatty was the son of Captain David Longfield Beatty. He began training as a naval cadet in 1884. From 1896 to 1898 he served in Egypt and the Sudan and then in

Louise Homer was an American opera singer, one of the leading operatic contraltos of the first quarter of the 20th century. In 1895 she married the composer Sidney Homer. After study in Philadelphia, Boston, and Paris, she made her debut in 1898 in Vichy, Fr., as Leonora in Gaetano Donizetti’s La

Robert Altman: 1980s and ’90s of Robert Altman: Dutton, Liv Tyler, Ned Beatty, Lyle Lovett, and Patricia Neal.

Sir Chester Beatty was a naturalized British mining engineer and company director who played an important role in the development of copper deposits in central Africa. After studying engineering at the Columbia School of Mines and Princeton University, Beatty helped to develop porphyry copper ores

Sir Chester Beatty was a naturalized British mining engineer and company director who played an important role in the development of copper deposits in central Africa. After studying engineering at the Columbia School of Mines and Princeton University, Beatty helped to develop porphyry copper ores

Warren Beatty is an American motion-picture actor, producer, director, and screenwriter who is best known for his politically charged portrayals of somewhat outcast but charming heroes. The younger brother of actress Shirley MacLaine, Beatty played gridiron footballin high school but was more

Mozarabic art: …series of manuscripts called the Beatus Apocalypses, brightly illustrated copies of commentaries on the Book of Revelation by the monk Beatus of Liébana. Their iconography influenced the Romanesque works that superseded them.

Beatus Rhenanus was a German humanist, writer, and advocate of Christian reform whose editorial work helped to preserve a wealth of classical literature. In 1505 Rhenanus received the master of arts degree from the University of Paris, where he studied Aristotelian philosophy. In 1511 he settled in

Warren Beatty is an American motion-picture actor, producer, director, and screenwriter who is best known for his politically charged portrayals of somewhat outcast but charming heroes. The younger brother of actress Shirley MacLaine, Beatty played gridiron footballin high school but was more