French literature: Drama: La Belle Hélène (1864; Fair Helen), in which a frivolous pastiche of Classical legend is spiced by an acute satire on the manners, morals, and values of the court of Napoleon III, was the nearest thing to political satire that the French stage could boast for 20 years.

Detroit: Cultural life: Belle Isle Park, in the Detroit River, has a botanical garden, a children’s zoo, and an aquarium. The city’s professional sports teams include the Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Tigers of Major League Baseball’s American League, the Lions of the National

Strait of Belle Isle, northern entrance from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. The strait, 90 mi (145 km) long, 10 to 17 mi wide, and lying between Newfoundland (east) and Labrador (west), is the most direct route from the St. Lawrence Seaway and Great Lakes ports to

Laurette Taylor was an American actress who was perhaps best known for her roles in plays written by her second husband, J. Hartley Manners. Most notable was her comedic performance in Peg O’ My Heart (1912). Under the name La Belle Laurette, Taylor made her childhood stage debut in Lynn,

Jacques Rivette: Rivette’s most critically acclaimed work, La Belle Noiseuse (1991; “The Beautiful Troublemaker”), was nominated for five César Awards as well as the Palme d’Or at the 1991 Cannes film festival, where it was given the jury Grand Prize. His other films include the highly surreal Céline et Julie vont en…

Leo McCarey: Feature films: …and with Mae West on Belle of the Nineties (1934), which was West’s final film before her screen image was tamed by the onset of the Production Code.

Léa Seydoux: First roles in France and Hollywood: …performance came in Christophe Honoré’s La Belle Personne, an adaptation, set in modern times, of the 17th-century novel La Princesse de Clèves (The Princess of Clèves) by Marie-Madeleine, comtesse de La Fayette. Seydoux starred as Junie, a teenager torn between her boyfriend and an affair with her Italian teacher, and…

Fort Smith, city, northern district seat (1852) of Sebastian county, western Arkansas, U.S., on the Arkansas River at the Oklahoma state line. An army fort named for General Thomas A. Smith was established on the site (known as Belle Point to early French explorers) in 1817 but remained operational

Philip Pullman: His Dark Materials and The Book of Dust series: In 2017 Pullman released La Belle Sauvage, the first of three planned installments in his The Book of Dust series. It continues the story of Lyra, chronicling her life both before and after His Dark Materials. However, rather than describing it as a prequel or sequel, Pullman claimed that…

stained glass: 12th century: …Canterbury or like the well-known Virgin and Child known as La Belle Verrière at Chartres. The most important feature of the 12th century, however, was the development of the narrative window, consisting of a series of medallions painted with pictorial subjects. This type of window was, so far as is…

parkour: His son David Belle is generally credited as being the father of parkour.

Stefano della Bella was an Italian Baroque printmaker noted for his engravings of military events, in the manner of Jacques Callot. Stefano was initially apprenticed to a goldsmith but turned to engraving, studying under Remigio Cantagallina. Through Lorenzo de’ Medici he was enabled to spend three

parkour: …during the 1940s and ’50s, Raymond Belle received instruction on Hébert’s methods while in the military, and he subsequently used that training to become an elite firefighter. He was known for his acrobatic athleticism and ability to safely and quickly move along ledges, to scale buildings without using a ladder,…

Belle-Île-en-Mer, island off the south coast of Brittany, western France, 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Presqu’Île de Quiberon and administratively part of Morbihan département, Bretagne région. As an outpost of the mainland ports of Saint-Nazaire and Lorient, a citadel on the island was

Charles Fouquet, duke de Belle-Isle was a marshal of France and statesman chiefly important for his role in involving France in the War of the Austrian Succession. A grandson of the notorious Nicolas Fouquet, finance minister under Louis XIV, Belle-Isle joined the army as a youth and fought in the

Charles Fouquet, duke de Belle-Isle was a marshal of France and statesman chiefly important for his role in involving France in the War of the Austrian Succession. A grandson of the notorious Nicolas Fouquet, finance minister under Louis XIV, Belle-Isle joined the army as a youth and fought in the

The Allies’ victory at the Battle of Belleau Wood, which occurred in France from June 1 to June 26, 1918, greatly boosted morale amid the Germans’ Spring Offensive. The battle was the first major engagement of the U.S. army in World War I, and, only 39 miles from Paris, marked the closest the

Rémy Belleau was a Renaissance scholar and poet who wrote highly polished portraits known as miniatures. He was a member of the group called La Pléiade, a literary circle that sought to enrich French literature by reviving classical tradition. A contemporary of the poet Pierre de Ronsard at the

Siege of Pondicherry: …Indian sepoys, was commanded by Guillaume Leonard de Bellecombe (1728–1792), its governor. Bellecombe set about improving Pondicherry’s defenses. Gun batteries were moved close to the shore to counter a move by the Royal Navy, and the French garrison was swelled by French troops who had retreated following the fall of…

Bellecour was a playwright who also was one of the leading comic actors of the Comédie-Française (q.v.). The son of a portraitist, he was a painter in his youth, while concurrently appearing in various amateur theatrical productions. His success on stage caused him to set aside painting and become

Madame Bellecour was a French actress noted for her performances in works of Molière and Regnard. The daughter of an aged artillery captain of noble ancestry, Rose-Perrine left home at the age of 13 and took up with an itinerant comedian called Beauménard. She decided to adopt both his name and his

Dennis Banks: Founding the American Indian Movement: Once free, he, along with Clyde Bellecourt (an Ojibwe man he met in prison) and others, founded the American Indian Movement (AIM). The original purpose of the group was to help the Native people of Minneapolis adjust to urban life. However, as AIM membership grew, so did the goals of…

mountain: The western segment of the system: …several crystalline massifs, including the Belledonne and Mont Blanc massifs in France and the Aare (or Aar) and Gotthard massifs in Switzerland. Moreover, with the elevation of the Alps above the Po plain of northern Italy, a southward overthrusting has carried the southern part of the Alps back onto the…

Belleek ware, porcelain from the factory at Belleek, in Fermanagh, Ire. (now Northern Ireland). Extensive local deposits of white feldspar and Cornish china clay and the use of skilled labour from England contributed to the early success of this factory, established by David McBinney and Robert

American literature: New fictional modes: … (1971) and Gothic fantasy in Bellefleur (1980) before returning in works such as Marya (1986) to the bleak blue-collar world of her youth in upstate New York. Among her later works was Blonde: A Novel (2000), a fictional biography of Marilyn Monroe. While Mailer and Oates refused to surrender the…

Bellefontaine, city, seat (1820) of Logan county, west central Ohio, U.S., about 45 miles (70 km) northwest of Columbus. The site was once occupied by a Shawnee village called Blue Jacket’s Town (for a Shawnee chief who was one of the tribal leaders at the Battle of Fallen Timbers [1794]). The

Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shropshire or Shrewsbury was a Norman magnate, soldier, and outstanding military architect, who for a time was the most powerful vassal of the English crown under the second and third Norman kings, William II Rufus and Henry I. His contemporary reputation for sadism

Bellenden Ker Range, granitic massif, in the Eastern Highlands, northeastern Queensland, Australia, extending for 40 mi (65 km) along the coast northeast from Nerada to Gordonvale, just south of Cairns. Bounded by the Mulgrave River (east), the Innisfail Downs (south), and the Atherton Plateau

John Bellenden was a Scottish writer whose translation of Hector Boece’s Scotorum historiae had a profound influence on Scottish national feeling. Educated at the universities of St. Andrews (Scotland) and Paris, he was in the service of James V as clerk of accounts from the King’s earliest years

Bellerophon, extinct genus of gastropods (snails) found as fossils in rocks from the Ordovician Period (488 million to 444 million years ago) to the Triassic Period (251 million to 200 million years ago). Bellerophon is characteristic of the bellerophontids, a large group of snails. The shell of

Bellerophon, hero in Greek legend. In the Iliad he was the son of Glaucus, who was the son of Sisyphus of Ephyre (traditionally Corinth). The wife of King Proetus of Argos—named Anteia (in Homer’s telling) or Stheneboea (in the works of Hesiod and later writers)—loved Bellerophon; when he rejected

Bellerophon, hero in Greek legend. In the Iliad he was the son of Glaucus, who was the son of Sisyphus of Ephyre (traditionally Corinth). The wife of King Proetus of Argos—named Anteia (in Homer’s telling) or Stheneboea (in the works of Hesiod and later writers)—loved Bellerophon; when he rejected

Limbourg brothers: The Belles Heures (c. 1405–09) is the sole book to have been illustrated by the brothers alone (though other artists provided the calligraphy and all of the borders but that for The Annunciation). It shows the influence of the Italianate elements present in the illuminations of…

belles lettres, literature that is an end in itself and is not practical or purely informative. The term can refer generally to poetry, fiction, drama, etc., or more specifically to light, entertaining, sophisticated literature. It is also often used to refer to literary studies, particularly

Canadian literature: The Quiet Revolution: …Tremblay revolutionized Quebec theatre with Les Belles-Soeurs (“The Sisters-in-Law”; Eng. trans. Les Belles-Soeurs), which was first read at the Centre d’Essai des Auteurs Dramatiques (Centre for Dramatic Authors), established in 1965 to give a forum to Quebec playwrights. The “new Quebec theatre” ushered in by Tremblay was characterized by experimental…

Albert Carrier-Belleuse was a notable French sculptor who, in his time, was famous for the wide range of his work—from sober monuments to domestic ornaments (torchères and tabletop elements). He won critical acclaim and state patronage for such monuments as his marble Messiah of 1867 and triggered

Belleville, city, seat (1814) of St. Clair county, southwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies east of the Mississippi River, about 16 miles (26 km) from St. Louis, Missouri. Located on bluffs forming the eastern rim of a floodplain along the Mississippi River, it was founded by George Blair of France in

Belleville, city, seat (1792) of Hastings county, southeastern Ontario, Canada, situated on the Bay of Quinte, an inlet of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Moira River. The site was first visited by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1615; it was settled after 1776 by loyalists from the

Paris: The Buttes: …19th arrondissement is known as Belleville, a formerly independent village that stretches south into the 20th arrondissement. The 20th also is home to the Ménilmontant neighbourhood and Père-Lachaise Cemetery—the site of the Federalists’ Wall (Mur des Fédérés), against which the last of the fighters of the Commune of Paris were…

Bellevue, city, King county, western Washington, U.S., on the eastern shore of Lake Washington, there bridged to Seattle. The city developed as a primarily residential part of the Puget Sound urban area but now has a bustling commercial aspect as well. Numerous retail trade centres, office

Bellevue, city, Sarpy county, eastern Nebraska, U.S., on the Missouri River, immediately south of Omaha. The Lewis and Clark Expedition visited the area in 1804. Established in 1822 as a fur-trading post, Bellevue is named from the French for “beautiful view.” It is the state’s oldest continuous

Louisa Lee Schuyler: …to her particular local interest, Bellevue Hospital. The most tangible result of that interest was the establishment of the Bellevue Training School for Nurses, which opened in 1873.

Italian literature: Romanticism: …yet he achieved greatness in La bellezza dell’universo (1781; “The Beauty of the Universe”), in the lyrics inspired by domestic affections, and in a translation of the Iliad, a masterpiece of Neoclassical beauty.

bellflower, (genus Campanula), any of around 420 annual, perennial, and biennial herbs that compose the genus Campanula (family Campanulaceae). Bellflowers have characteristically bell-shaped, usually blue flowers, and many are cultivated as garden ornamentals. They are native mainly to northern

Campanulaceae, the bellflower family, containing 84 genera and about 2,400 species of mostly herbaceous (nonwoody) plants, many with showy, blue, bell-like flowers. The plants are mainly important as garden ornamentals. They are mostly native to cool, temperate areas but also occur on mountains in

Carlos Germán Belli is a Peruvian poet noted for his unique blend of precise classical expression and contemporary themes. The son of Italian immigrants, Belli was educated at the National University of San Marcos in Lima, where he earned a doctorate in literature. He spent many years transcribing

Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli was a poet whose satirical sonnets present a vivid picture of life in papal Rome in the early 19th century. After an unhappy childhood Belli was a clerical worker until, in 1816, marriage to a rich widow enabled him to devote much time to poetry. His conservative political

Melvin Belli was an American lawyer who was renowned for his flamboyant presentations in court. He was often dubbed the "King of Torts" because of the large awards he gained for clients involved in personal-injury cases. Belli was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, and at that

Melvin Belli was an American lawyer who was renowned for his flamboyant presentations in court. He was often dubbed the "King of Torts" because of the large awards he gained for clients involved in personal-injury cases. Belli was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, and at that

Pierino Belli was a Piedmontese soldier, jurist, and an authority on the law of war who is considered one of the founders of modern international law. After serving as commander in chief of the army of the Holy Roman Empire in Piedmont, Belli was appointed (1560) a councillor of state by Emmanuel

instinct: Instinct as behaviour: …is the nest of the bellicose termite (named for the ferociousness of its soldier caste). These insects cultivate fungus gardens within the nest, which serve to process the dead wood upon which they feed. But the fungi generate heat and also affect the air quality by absorbing oxygen and releasing…

belligerency, the condition of being in fact engaged in war. A nation is deemed a belligerent even when resorting to war in order to withstand or punish an aggressor. A declaration of war is not necessary to create a state of belligerency. For example, the United States and the People’s Republic of

Western sculpture: Conservative reaction (1920s): Rudolph Belling abandoned the mechanization that had characterized his Head (1925) in favour of musculature and individual identity in his statue of Max Schmeling of 1929. Matisse’s reclining nudes and the Back series of 1929 show less violently worked surfaces and more massive and obvious…

Bellingham, city, seat (1854) of Whatcom county, northwestern Washington, U.S. Located 18 miles (29 km) south of the Canadian border, it is situated along Bellingham Bay (named in 1792 by Captain George Vancouver for Sir William Bellingham) on the northern edge of Puget Sound. The site was settled

Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen: …(1819–21) and for whom the Bellingshausen Sea, an area of the Antarctic waters, was named.

Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen was a Russian explorer who led the second expedition to circumnavigate Antarctica (1819–21) and for whom the Bellingshausen Sea, an area of the Antarctic waters, was named. Bellingshausen entered the Russian navy at age 10 and was an admiral and the governor of

renal collecting tubule, any of the long narrow tubes in the kidney that concentrate and transport urine from the nephrons, the chief functioning units of the kidneys, to larger ducts that connect with the renal calyces, cavities in which urine gathers until it flows through the renal pelvis and

Gentile Bellini was an Italian painter, member of the founding family of the Venetian school of Renaissance painting, best known for his portraiture and his scenes of Venice. Gentile was trained by his father, Jacopo Bellini, a painter who introduced Renaissance concerns and motifs into Venice. At

Giovanni Bellini was an Italian painter who, in his work, reflected the increasing interest of the Venetian artistic milieu in the stylistic innovations and concerns of the Renaissance. Although the paintings for the hall of the Great Council in Venice, considered his greatest works, were destroyed

Jacopo Bellini was a painter who introduced the principles of Florentine early Renaissance art into Venice. He was trained under the Umbrian artist Gentile da Fabriano, and in 1423 he had accompanied his master to Florence. There the progress made in fidelity to nature and in mastery of classic

Lorenzo Bellini was a physician and anatomist who described the collecting, or excretory, tubules of the kidney, known as Bellini’s ducts (tubules). In Exercitatio anatomica de structura et usu renum (1662; “Anatomical Exercise on the Structure and Function of the Kidney”), published when he was a

Vincenzo Bellini was an Italian operatic composer with a gift for creating vocal melody at once pure in style and sensuous in expression. His influence is reflected not only in later operatic compositions, including the early works of Richard Wagner, but also in the instrumental music of Chopin and

Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen was a Russian explorer who led the second expedition to circumnavigate Antarctica (1819–21) and for whom the Bellingshausen Sea, an area of the Antarctic waters, was named. Bellingshausen entered the Russian navy at age 10 and was an admiral and the governor of

Bellinzona, capital of Ticino canton, southern Switzerland, on the Ticino River, at the junction of roads to the St. Gotthard, Lukmanier, and San Bernardino passes, east of Locarno. Possibly of Roman origin, it was first mentioned in ad 590 and played a considerable part in the early history of

Canellales: Distribution and abundance: …where it is abundant), and Belliolum (in New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands).

daisy: Members of the genus Bellis are perennials that have solitary flower heads borne on long stalks; the disk flowers are yellow, the ray flowers white or purple. The English daisy (B. perennis) is often used as a bedding plant. It has numerous spoon-shaped, slightly hairy leaves near its base…

daisy: The English daisy (B. perennis) is often used as a bedding plant. It has numerous spoon-shaped, slightly hairy leaves near its base that form a rosette. The plant has leafless flower stalks and hairy bracts (leaflike structures) below the flower heads. Some varieties of the English…

the Mekons: Sarah Corina, Lu Edmonds, and Rico Bell (byname of Erik Bellis).

Carl Michael Bellman was an outstanding poet-musician of 18th-century Sweden, whose songs have remained popular in Scandinavia, though he is little known elsewhere. The son of a wealthy civil servant, he studied at Uppsala University and entered the government service, but his salary and a stipend

Bello, city, northwestern Colombia, on the Río Porce between the Cordilleras (mountains) Occidental and Central of the Andes at 4,905 feet (1,495 metres) above sea level. Formerly a commercial and manufacturing centre for a fertile agricultural region, Bello is now part of the industrial complex

Andrés Bello was a poet and scholar, regarded as the intellectual father of South America. His early reading in the classics, particularly Virgil, influenced his style and theories. At the University of Venezuela in Caracas he studied philosophy, jurisprudence, and medicine. Acquaintanceship with

the Go-Go’s: …bassist Margot Olavarria, and drummer Elissa Bello). Drummer Gina Schock (b. August 31, 1957, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.) replaced Bello in 1979, and bassist Kathy Valentine (b. January 7, 1959, Austin, Texas, U.S.) replaced Olavarria in 1980. Other members included bassists Paula Jean Brown and Abby Travis (b. November 10, 1969,…

African literature: Hausa: …year later the bureau published Muhammadu Bello’s Gandoki, in which its hero, Gandoki, struggles against the British colonial regime. Bello does in Gandoki what many writers were doing in other parts of Africa during this period: he experiments with form and content. His novel blends the Hausa oral tradition and…

Sokoto: The assassination of Sir Ahmadu Bello, the sardauna of Sokoto, in a military coup (1966) led by Igbo (Ibo) tribesmen provoked massacres of Igbos in the north and was a factor leading to the Nigerian civil war (1967–70). Sokoto state still contains Sokoto, one of the most senior…

Hilaire Belloc was a French-born poet, historian, and essayist who was among the most versatile English writers of the first quarter of the 20th century. He is most remembered for his light verse, particularly for children, and for the lucidity and easy grace of his essays, which could be

Hilaire Belloc was a French-born poet, historian, and essayist who was among the most versatile English writers of the first quarter of the 20th century. He is most remembered for his light verse, particularly for children, and for the lucidity and easy grace of his essays, which could be

Marie Adelaide Lowndes was an English novelist and playwright best known for murder mysteries that were often based on actual murder cases. The sister of the poet and essayist Hilaire Belloc, she received little formal education, but, because of the prominence of her family in intellectual circles,

History of film: Italy: …Francesco Rosi (Salvatore Giuliano, 1962), Marco Bellocchio (La Cina è vicina [China Is Near], 1967), Marco Ferreri (La Grande Bouffe [Blow-Out], 1973), Ettore Scola (Una giornata speciale [A Special Day], 1977), Paolo Taviani and Vittorio Taviani (Padre padrone [Father and Master], 1977), Franco Brusati (Dimenticare Venezia [To Forget Venice], 1979),

Natasha Trethewey: Trethewey’s second volume, Bellocq’s Ophelia (2002), was inspired by photographer E.J. Bellocq’s evocative portraits of Storyville (New Orleans) prostitutes, notably that of a mixed-race woman named Ophelia. In Native Guard (2006; Pulitzer Prize), Trethewey honoured both her mother’s life and the largely unsung lives of the Union soldiers…

William Kidd: …he tried to persuade the earl of Bellomont, then colonial governor of New York, of his innocence. Bellomont, however, sent him to England for trial, and he was found guilty (May 8 and 9, 1701) of the murder of Moore and on five indictments of piracy. Important evidence concerning two…

Bellona, in Roman religion, goddess of war, identified with the Greek Enyo. Sometimes known as the sister or wife of Mars, she has also been identified with his female cult partner Nerio. Her temple at Rome stood in the Campus Martius, outside the city’s gates near the Circus Flaminius and the

fetial: …land in front of the Temple of Bellona in Rome; by a legal fiction, that land was treated as belonging to the enemy. Thus the ritual limitations were overcome by such legal fictions, and the state entered into any wars that were seen to be to its advantage.

art criticism: Art criticism in the 17th century: Programmatic theory: Art historian Giovanni Pietro Bellori similarly challenged Le Brun’s elevation of classicism. In Le vite de’ pittori, scultori, et architetti moderni (1672; “The Lives of Modern Painters, Sculptors, and Architects”), he celebrates the rationality and classicism of Raphael’s art, but he also argues that the irrationality and…

Bernardo Bellotto was a vedute (“view”) painter of the Venetian school known for his carefully drawn topographical paintings of central Italian and eastern European cities. Bellotto studied under his uncle, Canaletto, and was himself known by that name when painting outside Italy. Bellotto’s urban

coin: Ancient Britain: …gold coins of the Gaulish Bellovaci, a tribe located near Beauvais, imitated from the famous gold stater of Philip II of Macedon, were being introduced, probably by trade. The first Belgic invasion, about 75 bce, brought variants of these, from which arose a complex family of uninscribed imitations. The study…

Saul Bellow was an American novelist whose characterizations of modern urban man, disaffected by society but not destroyed in spirit, earned him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1976. Brought up in a Jewish household and fluent in Yiddish—which influenced his energetic English style—he was

bellows, mechanical contrivance for creating a jet of air, consisting usually of a hinged box with flexible sides, which expands to draw in air through an inward opening valve and contracts to expel the air through a nozzle. The bellows was invented in the European Middle Ages and was commonly used

Bellows Falls, village in Rockingham town (township), Windham county, southeastern Vermont, U.S., on the Connecticut River. It was settled about 1753 and named for Colonel Benjamin Bellows, an early property owner. The first bridge across the Connecticut River was built at Bellows Falls in 1785.

snipefish, any of about 18 species of marine fishes of the family Centriscidae (order Gasterosteiformes) found in deeper tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Snipefishes are small deep-bodied fishes that grow to 30 cm (12 inches) in length. They are commonly

George Wesley Bellows was an American painter and lithographer noted for his paintings of action scenes and for his expressive portraits and seascapes. Bellows attended Ohio State University before moving in 1904 to New York City, where he studied at the New York School of Art under Robert Henri,

Unitarianism and Universalism: American Unitarianism: Although Transcendentalism divided the Unitarians, Henry Whitney Bellows, a prominent figure in Unitarianism after the Civil War, succeeded in organizing the National Conference of Unitarian Churches in 1865. A separatist Free Religious Association (FRA) was organized in 1867 by persons who, although holding a variety of views, were agreed in…

gas meter: …the displacement principle is the bellows-and-diaphragm gas meter (shown in the diagram). This type is widely used in commercial and domestic gas service to measure the quantity of gas delivered to a user. Bellows gas meters measure the quantity of gas passing through them by filling and emptying, in a…

France: Political ideology: …contained in the works of Pierre de Belloy, especially his De l’autorité du roi (1588; “Of the Authority of the King”). He asserted that the monarchy was created by God and that the king was responsible to God alone. Any rebellion against the ruler, therefore, was a rebellion against the…

Albert Ayler: …of his works such as Bells and Spirits Rejoice (both 1965) are in the styles of diatonic, pre-jazz music such as 19th-century hymns, folk songs, marches, and bugle calls. His accompanying bassists and drummers proved equally radical by providing momentum and interplay but not pulse.

Robert Browning: Life.: …under the general title of Bells and Pomegranates, he published seven more plays in verse, including Pippa Passes (1841), A Blot in the ’Scutcheon (produced in 1843), and Luria (1846). These, and all his earlier works except Strafford, were printed at his family’s expense. Although Browning enjoyed writing for the…

Judy Holliday: …female lead in the musical Bells Are Ringing, for which she won the Tony Award for best actress in a musical. In her last film (1960), Holliday re-created her stage role in Bells Are Ringing. She starred in two more Broadway shows, Laurette (1960) and Hot Spot (1963)—both unsuccessful—before succumbing…

Vincente Minnelli: Films of the 1960s and 1970s: Home from the Hill, Bells are Ringing, and On a Clear Day You Can See Forever: The musical comedy Bells Are Ringing (1960) was tailored for the talents of Judy Holliday (in her last film). Holliday played Brooklynite Ella Peterson, an answering-service operator who cannot resist playing Cupid for her customers; she was joined by Martin as a blocked playwright. Few of the tunes…

bells of Ireland, (Moluccella laevis), annual plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae), grown as a garden curiosity for its green floral spikes. Bells of Ireland is native to western Asia and is commonly used in the floral industry as a fresh or dried flower. Bells of Ireland grows well in cool

Leo McCarey: Middle years: McCarey had similar success with The Bells of St. Mary’s (1945), in which Crosby returned as O’Malley, who is now at loggerheads with the mother superior (Ingrid Bergman) of a Catholic school. It earned eight Oscar nominations, with McCarey receiving a nod for his direction, and was the top-grossing film…

The Bells, poem by Edgar Allan Poe, published posthumously in the magazine Sartain’s Union (November 1849). Written at the end of Poe’s life, this incantatory poem examines bell sounds as symbols of four milestones of human experience—childhood, youth, maturity, and death. “The Bells” is composed