Doha: …original quarter of the city, Al-Bidaʿ, Bida in sailor’s parlance, is at the northwest; it was probably founded by members of the Sudan tribe who emigrated from the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi. A port town that became involved in the 19th-century maritime conflicts of the Persian Gulf, Doha, then a…

Biddeford, city, York county, southwestern Maine, U.S., at the falls of the Saco River, opposite Saco, on the Atlantic coast 16 miles (26 km) southwest of Portland. Englishmen led by Richard Vines settled the area in 1630. Named for the settlers’ home in Bideford, Devon, England, the communities on

bridge: Bidding systems: Bidding systems have preoccupied the student of bridge since the earliest appearance of contract bridge. The first system proposed was that of Harold S. Vanderbilt, who created the game that became successful as contract bridge. The Vanderbilt Club system provided that a player…

James Biddle was a career U.S. naval officer who negotiated the first treaty between the United States and China. Biddle attended the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, before entering the navy as a midshipman in 1800. Retained despite a severe cutback in naval manpower, Biddle served in the

John Biddle was a controversial lay theologian who was repeatedly imprisoned for his anti-Trinitarian views and who became known as the father of English Unitarianism. Biddle was educated at the grammar school of his native town in Gloucestershire and at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, being subsequently

Nicholas Biddle was a financier who as president of the Second Bank of the United States (1823–36) made it the first effective central bank in U.S. history. He was Pres. Andrew Jackson’s chief antagonist in a conflict (1832–36) that resulted in termination of the bank. Biddle was a contributor to

Bideford, small port, Torridge district, administrative and historic county of Devon, southwestern England. It is located at the lowest bridging point of the River Torridge estuary, which empties into Bideford, or Barnstaple, Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The medieval community grew mainly as a

ProCon Debates: Should the U.S. Government Provide Universal Health Care?; Should Birth Control Pills Be Available Over the Counter (OTC)? ProCon Issue in the News: On Oct. 21, 2024, the Biden administration proposed a new rule under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) that

Joe Biden: Presidential runs and vice presidency: …and his wife established the Biden Foundation, a charitable group involved in various causes.

Joe Biden: Presidential runs and vice presidency: In 2015 his eldest son, Beau, died from brain cancer; Biden recounted the experience in Promise Me, Dad: A Year of Hope, Hardship, and Purpose (2017). Several months later, Biden—who enjoyed high favorability ratings, partly due to a candor and affable manner that resonated with the public—announced that he would…

Preston Sturges was an American motion-picture director, screenwriter, and playwright best known for a series of hugely popular satirical comedies that he made in the early 1940s. Sturges made his mark at a time when talk in large part had supplanted images as the driving force in filmmaking.

Hunter Biden is an American attorney and businessman and the sole surviving son of Joe Biden, 46th president of the United States. The Yale-educated lawyer has held an array of positions at law firms, financial institutions, and lobbying firms that have raised questions about whether he has

Jill Biden is an American first lady (2021–25), wife of Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States. She previously served as second lady (2009–17) when her husband was vice president under President Barack Obama. Jill Jacobs was born in New Jersey but mostly grew up in Willow Grove,

Joe Biden is the 46th president of the United States (2021–25) and was the 47th vice president of the United States (2009–17) in the Democratic administration of Pres. Barack Obama. He previously represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate (1973–2009). In April 2023 Joe Biden formally announced his bid

Joe Biden is the 46th president of the United States (2021–25) and was the 47th vice president of the United States (2009–17) in the Democratic administration of Pres. Barack Obama. He previously represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate (1973–2009). In April 2023 Joe Biden formally announced his bid

Hunter Biden is an American attorney and businessman and the sole surviving son of Joe Biden, 46th president of the United States. The Yale-educated lawyer has held an array of positions at law firms, financial institutions, and lobbying firms that have raised questions about whether he has

Bidens, cosmopolitan genus of weedy herbs in the family Asteraceae, consisting of about 230 species. Bidens plants are variously known as bur marigold, sticktights, and tickseed sunflowers. They are characterized by fruits with two to four barbed bristles that become attached to animal coats or to

diglossia, the coexistence of two varieties of the same language throughout a speech community. Often, one form is the literary or prestige dialect, and the other is a common dialect spoken by most of the population. Such a situation exists in many speech communities throughout the world—e.g., in

Bidlack Treaty, (Dec. 12, 1846), pact signed by New Granada (now Colombia and Panama) and the United States, which granted the U.S. a right-of-way across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for a U.S. guarantee of neutrality for the isthmus and the sovereignty of New Granada thereafter. The treaty

Bidlack Treaty, (Dec. 12, 1846), pact signed by New Granada (now Colombia and Panama) and the United States, which granted the U.S. a right-of-way across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for a U.S. guarantee of neutrality for the isthmus and the sovereignty of New Granada thereafter. The treaty

Federico Fellini: Major works: …the cynical Il bidone (1955; “The Swindle”), which featured Broderick Crawford as the leader of a gang of con men who impersonate priests in order to rob the peasantry. Masina asserted her star quality in Le notti di Cabiria (1957; Nights of Cabiria), developing the minor character she played in…

bidonville, name given, especially in Francophone North Africa, to the poorest slum quarters of rapidly growing, unplanned cities. Chiefly inhabited by largely unemployed squatters, these shantytowns largely consist of ramshackle constructions made from cinder blocks and sheet metal, many of which

Panchatantra, popular collection of Sanskrit beast fables composed about 200 bce, according to Sanskrit scholar Johannes Hertel. The work has been widely circulated and translated, both in India, its country of origin, and throughout the world. This collection was known in Europe as The Fables of

Bīdrī ware, metal decorative objects ornamented with a type of Indian inlay work. The ware derives its name from the town of Bīdar, in Karnātaka, though it is not made exclusively in that town; Lucknow and Murshidābād are also very important centres of Bīdrī manufacture. The metal commonly used is

Chico: Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park includes the 26-room Victorian home (1868) of John Bidwell. Other attractions include Bidwell Park (one of the country’s largest municipal parks), the Chico Museum, which contains a former Taoist temple, and a vintage train station. The city is the seat…

John Bidwell was a California civic and political leader who ran unsuccessfully for U.S. president in 1892 as the candidate of the Prohibition Party. The Bidwell family moved from New York to Pennsylvania in 1829 and to Ohio in 1831. In 1836 Bidwell walked 300 miles from the family home in

Isvar Chandra Vidyasagar was an Indian educator and social reformer considered the father of Bengali prose. He was a brilliant student at Sanskrit College, Calcutta (now Kolkata), where he received the title Vidyasagar (“Ocean of Learning”), and in 1850 he was appointed head pandit

Ramprasad Sen: …have composed a work called Bidyasundar, containing both erotic and Tantric elements, under the raja’s patronage.

African art: Bidyogo (Bidjogo): The Bidyogo people of the Bijagós Islands of Guinea-Bissau are known for their striking costumes and masquerades. Large, heavy headdresses portray bulls, swordfish, sharks, hippopotamuses, and crocodiles. The Bidyogo also carve hollow cylinders covered with red cloth to house guardian spirits; the sacred…

bidʿah, in Islam, any innovation that has no roots in the traditional practice (Sunnah) of the Muslim community. The most fundamentalist legal school in Islam, the Ḥanbalī school (and its modern descendant, the Wahhābiyyah sect of Saudi Arabia) rejected bidʿah completely, arguing that the duty of a

Kuito, town (founded 1890), central Angola. It is the chief trade and market centre of the fertile Bié Plateau and processes rice and other grains, coffee, meat, and beeswax. The town suffered much damage in the civil war following Angola’s independence in 1975 and was almost totally destroyed in

Angola: Relief: The Bié Plateau to the east of Benguela forms a rough quadrilateral of land above the 5,000-foot (1,500-metre) mark, culminating at about 8,600 feet (2,600 metres) and covering about one-tenth of the country’s surface. The Malanje highlands in the north-central part of the country are less…

Hirsch Jacobs: …Jacobs began a partnership with Isidor (“Beebee”) Bieber. Their greatest single success came with Stymie, a two-year-old colt purchased in 1943, who, trained by Jacobs, won 35 races and by the end of his racing career was the world’s foremost money winner, with purses totalling $918,485. With their profits, Jacobs…

Justin Bieber: Marriage to Hailey Baldwin, Changes, and Justice: In 2018 Bieber married model Hailey Baldwin (daughter of actor Stephen Baldwin), and their relationship inspired Changes (2020). They had their first child, Jack Blues, in August 2024. Bieber’s sixth studio album, Justice, was released in 2021 and garnered eight Grammy nominations, including song of the year and record of…

Hirsch Jacobs: …Jacobs began a partnership with Isidor (“Beebee”) Bieber. Their greatest single success came with Stymie, a two-year-old colt purchased in 1943, who, trained by Jacobs, won 35 races and by the end of his racing career was the world’s foremost money winner, with purses totalling $918,485. With their profits, Jacobs…

Justin Bieber is a Canadian singer and former teen idol whose fresh-faced good looks and appealing pop songs sparked a global craze beginning in 2009. Bieber was raised by a single mother in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, and as a child he learned to play the drums, the piano, the guitar, and the

Justin Bieber is a Canadian singer and former teen idol whose fresh-faced good looks and appealing pop songs sparked a global craze beginning in 2009. Bieber was raised by a single mother in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, and as a child he learned to play the drums, the piano, the guitar, and the

Max Frisch: …Biedermann und die Brandstifter (1958; The Firebugs, also published as The Fire Raisers), arsonists insinuate themselves into the house of the weak-willed, complacent Biedermann, who allows them to destroy his home and his world rather than confront them. Frisch’s later plays included Andorra (1961), with its theme of collective guilt,…

Johann Christoph Gottsched: A second journal, Der Biedermann (1727–29; “The Honest Man”), undertook the broader task of introducing the new rationalist creed to German letters. In 1730 he brought out his most important theoretical work, Versuch einer kritischen Dichtkunst vor die Deutschen (“Essay on a German Critical Poetic Theory”), the first…

Biedermeier style, in art, transitional period between Neoclassicism and Romanticism as it was interpreted by the bourgeoisie, particularly in Germany, Austria, northern Italy, and the Scandinavian countries. Following the Napoleonic sieges, the Biedermeier style grew during a period of economic

Olga Tokarczuk: …International Prize in 2018 for Flights (2017)—the English translation of her sixth novel, Bieguni (2007).

Tri-State Tornado of 1925: …the Missouri towns of Annapolis, Biehle, and Frohna and killing 11 people before crossing the Mississippi River into southern Illinois, where it virtually destroyed the towns of Gorham, De Soto, and Murphysboro, among others. Murphysboro was the hardest-hit area in the tornado’s path, with 234 fatalities. After killing more than…

Biel, town, Bern canton, northwestern Switzerland. It lies at the northeastern end of Lake Biel (Bieler See), northwest of Bern city. Of Celtic origin (Belenus) and inhabited in Roman times, the town dates from the 11th century and was chartered in 1275. It was for centuries under the jurisdiction

Gabriel Biel was a German philosopher, economist, and one of the most distinguished Scholastic theologians of the late Middle Ages. Having studied at various German universities, Biel became vicar and cathedral preacher at Mainz about 1460. In 1468 he entered the Order of the Brothers of the Common

Justin Timberlake: Other projects and personal life: Timberlake married actress Jessica Biel in 2012, after an on-off romance that began in 2007. However, Timberlake’s former relationship with Spears continued to make headlines many years after their breakup. Notably, in 2023 Spears published her memoir The Woman in Me, in which she revealed that she had…

Lake Biel, lake in western Switzerland that lies at the foot of the Jura Mountains at an elevation of 1,407 feet (429 metres) and borders the cantons of Bern and Neuchâtel. It is 9.5 miles (15 km) long and 2.5 miles wide with a maximum depth of 246 feet (75 metres) and has an area of 15 square

Biela’s Comet, short-period comet named for the Austrian astronomer Wilhelm, Freiherr (baron) von Biela (1782–1856). It was originally discovered by French amateur astronomer Jacques Leibax Montaigne in 1772. It was rediscovered by French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons in 1805 and was identified as the

Wilhelm, Freiherr von Biela was an Austrian astronomer who is noted for his discovery (1826) that a certain comet, now called Biela’s comet, reappeared at intervals of 6.7 years. Biela’s comet underwent remarkable transformations, returning in 1845 and 1852 as a double comet and then disappearing

Bielefeld, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies on the northern edge of the hilly Teutoburg Forest. First mentioned as Bilifelde in the biography of Bishop Meinwerk of Paderborn between 1015 and 1036, the old town was probably founded and chartered in 1214 by

Lake Biel, lake in western Switzerland that lies at the foot of the Jura Mountains at an elevation of 1,407 feet (429 metres) and borders the cantons of Bern and Neuchâtel. It is 9.5 miles (15 km) long and 2.5 miles wide with a maximum depth of 246 feet (75 metres) and has an area of 15 square

meteor shower: , the Andromedids were formerly called the Bielids, after Biela’s Comet. The Cyrillid shower of 1913 had no radiant (the meteoroids seemed to enter the atmosphere from a circular orbit around Earth) and was named for St. Cyril of Alexandria, on whose feast day (formerly celebrated on…

meteor shower: , the Andromedids were formerly called the Bielids, after Biela’s Comet. The Cyrillid shower of 1913 had no radiant (the meteoroids seemed to enter the atmosphere from a circular orbit around Earth) and was named for St. Cyril of Alexandria, on whose feast day (formerly celebrated on…

animation: Animation in Europe: Włodzimierz Haupe and Halina Bielinska were among the first important Polish animators; their Janosik (1954) was Poland’s first animated film, and their Changing of the Guard (1956) employed the stop-action gimmick of animated matchboxes. The collaborative efforts of Jan Lenica and Walerian Borowczyk foresaw the bleak themes and…

Biella, city, Piemonte (Piedmont) regione, northwestern Italy. It lies at the foot of the Alps, on the Cervo River, northeast of Turin. A Gallic and Roman centre, it was a medieval possession of the counts of Vercelli before passing to the house of Savoy in 1379. Biella is divided into Biella

Hanyu Yuzuru: …such difficult elements as the Biellmann spin (he was one of the relatively few male skaters who performed the move) and the quadruple jump. At the end of 2009, Hanyu won the gold medal at the Junior Grand Prix final in Tokyo, and the following year he claimed gold at…

Bielski partisans, organization of Jewish partisans who fought Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1942 and 1944 in occupied Poland (now Belarus). Established by brothers Tuvia, Asael, and Zus Bielski, the group conducted guerrilla operations and provided shelter and protection to some 1,200

Bielsko-Biała, city, Śląskie województwo (province), southern Poland. It lies in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. Incorporated in 1951, the city existed previously as two separate towns on either side of the Biała River. Bielsko originated as a 13th-century settlement around a stronghold

Bien Hoa, city, southern Vietnam. It is located 19 miles (30 km) northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), on the left bank of the Dong Nai River, northeast of the Mekong River delta. Bien Hoa is one of the oldest cities of southern Vietnam. The French conquered it in 1861 after prolonged

France: Sale of national lands: …designated as biens nationaux, or national lands. The government then issued large-denomination notes called assignats, underwritten and guaranteed by the value of that land. It intended to sell national lands to the public, which would pay for it in assignats that would then be retired. Thus, church property would in…

Latin American dance: Folk and popular dances: …with a turn and a bien parado (final pose) with the couple side-by-side or facing each other.

Catherine Deneuve: …Demy-inspired musical Les Bien-Aimés (2011; Beloved) and 3 Coeurs (2014; 3 Hearts). Deneuve’s older sister, Françoise Dorléac, was also a successful actress. The sisters appeared together in one film, Demy’s Les Demoiselles de Rochefort (1967; The Young Girls of Rochefort).

Chebyshev’s inequality: …shared with the French mathematician Irénée-Jules Bienaymé, whose (less general) 1853 proof predated Chebyshev’s by 14 years.

Chebyshev’s inequality, in probability theory, a theorem that characterizes the dispersion of data away from its mean (average). The general theorem is attributed to the 19th-century Russian mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev, though credit for it should be shared with the French mathematician

Charles de Biencourt was a French colonizer who commanded the French colony of Port-Royal. In 1606 Biencourt sailed with his father, Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt, baron de Saint-Just, to Acadia. In 1607 they abandoned their establishment and fort at Port-Royal, Acadia, because of insufficient

Charles de Biencourt was a French colonizer who commanded the French colony of Port-Royal. In 1606 Biencourt sailed with his father, Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt, baron de Saint-Just, to Acadia. In 1607 they abandoned their establishment and fort at Port-Royal, Acadia, because of insufficient

Richard, baron von Bienerth was an Austrian prime minister (1908–11). After service under the governor of Steiermark, or Styria, Bienerth was transferred to the Austrian Ministry of Education (1886), of which in 1905 he was named director and elevated to the Privy Council. Appointed minister of the

Richard, baron von Bienerth was an Austrian prime minister (1908–11). After service under the governor of Steiermark, or Styria, Bienerth was transferred to the Austrian Ministry of Education (1886), of which in 1905 he was named director and elevated to the Privy Council. Appointed minister of the

Peter the Venerable was an outstanding French abbot of Cluny whose spiritual, intellectual, and financial reforms restored Cluny to its high place among the religious establishments of Europe. Peter joined Bernard of Clairvaux in supporting Pope Innocent II, thereby weakening the position of the

Biel, town, Bern canton, northwestern Switzerland. It lies at the northeastern end of Lake Biel (Bieler See), northwest of Bern city. Of Celtic origin (Belenus) and inhabited in Roman times, the town dates from the 11th century and was chartered in 1275. It was for centuries under the jurisdiction

Lake Biel, lake in western Switzerland that lies at the foot of the Jura Mountains at an elevation of 1,407 feet (429 metres) and borders the cantons of Bern and Neuchâtel. It is 9.5 miles (15 km) long and 2.5 miles wide with a maximum depth of 246 feet (75 metres) and has an area of 15 square

biennial, any herbaceous flowering plant that completes its life cycle in two growing seasons. During the first growing season, biennials produce roots, stems, and leaves. During the second growing season, they produce flowers, fruits, and seeds, and then they die. Biennial plants are typically

Italy: Economic and political crisis: the two red years: Throughout the biennio rosso (“two red years”; 1919–20), revolution appeared imminent. While spontaneous land occupations swept through the south, riots and lootings hit shopkeepers in the north and center in the summer of 1919, and prices were cut by half throughout the country. Socialist deputies walked out…

bullfighting: Bulls and bullrings: The great Antonio Bienvenida, for example, was killed by a small heifer on his ranch in 1975.

Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville was a French explorer, colonial governor of Louisiana, and founder of New Orleans. Jean-Baptiste was the eighth son of Canadian pioneer Charles Le Moyne. He entered the French navy at age 12 and served with his noted elder brother, Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, in

Chen Kaige: …fourth film, Bienzou bienchang (1991; Life on a String), chronicles the deeds of a blind storyteller and his blind apprentice as they roam the countryside.

ordeal: The ordeal of the bier in medieval Europe was founded on the belief that a sympathetic action of the blood causes it to flow at the touch or nearness of the murderer.

Ambrose Bierce was an American newspaperman, wit, satirist, and author of sardonic short stories based on themes of death and horror. His life ended in an unsolved mystery. Reared in Kosciusko county, Indiana, Bierce became a printer’s devil (apprentice) on a Warsaw, Indiana, paper after about a

Ambrose Bierce was an American newspaperman, wit, satirist, and author of sardonic short stories based on themes of death and horror. His life ended in an unsolved mystery. Reared in Kosciusko county, Indiana, Bierce became a printer’s devil (apprentice) on a Warsaw, Indiana, paper after about a

Ambrose Bierce was an American newspaperman, wit, satirist, and author of sardonic short stories based on themes of death and horror. His life ended in an unsolved mystery. Reared in Kosciusko county, Indiana, Bierce became a printer’s devil (apprentice) on a Warsaw, Indiana, paper after about a

bieri, wooden mortuary figure of the Fang tribe of Gabon, Africa, that traditionally guarded the skulls of deceased ancestors. These figures were somewhat naturalistic, representing the ancestor whose skull was kept in a small, barrel-shaped bark container to which the figure was traditionally

Beer Hall Putsch, abortive attempt by Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff to start an insurrection in Germany against the Weimar Republic on November 8–9, 1923. The regime of the Weimar Republic was challenged from both right and left in Germany throughout the early 1920s, and there was widespread

comet: Tails: In 1951 German astronomer Ludwig Biermann studied the tails of comets and showed that the ion tails flowed away from the Sun at speeds in excess of 400 km (250 miles) per second. He suggested that the phenomenon had to be associated with some sort of “corpuscular radiation” flowing…

Albert Bierstadt was an American artist who painted landscapes and whose tremendous popularity was based on his panoramic scenes of the American West. Among the last generation of painters associated with the Hudson River school, Bierstadt, like Frederick Church and Thomas Moran, covered vast

Bolesław Bierut was a statesman and Communist Party official who came to be called the Stalin of Poland after playing a major role in his party’s takeover of the Polish government after World War II. Influenced by leftist-socialist ideas, Bierut joined the Polish Communist Party in 1918 and spent

Podkarpackie: Geography: …forested areas occurring in the Bieszczady Mountains and the Sandomierz Basin in the northern part of the province. The Sandomierz Basin is one of the warmest areas of Poland, with hot summers and a long growing season. In the Bieszczady Mountains, however, snow cover lingers into the summer. Before World…

Podkarpackie: Geography: The mountainous, heavily forested Bieszczady National Park is much visited by outdoor enthusiasts; it also provides habitat for lynx, wildcats, wolves, bison, and Carpathian deer. Magura National Park protects part of the Lower Beskid Mountains and contains the ruins of both a 9th-century castle and villages and Orthodox churches…

banded-iron formation (BIF), chemically precipitated sediment, typically thin bedded or laminated, consisting of 15 percent or more iron of sedimentary origin and layers of chert, chalcedony, jasper, or quartz. Such formations occur on all the continents and usually are older than 1.7 billion

Stone Age: Lower Paleolithic: These are as follows: (1) bifacial-tool, or hand-ax, traditions (Abbevillian and Acheulean); and (2) flake-tool traditions (Clactonian and Levalloisian).

Jing Hao: …essay attributed to him, “Bifaji” (“Record of Brush Methods”), describes the aims, ideals, and methods of the classical landscape painter who is in harmony with nature. It had considerable influence on the aesthetics of landscape painting in the Song dynasty and in later traditions. Jing’s Northern Song landscape style,…

optics: Nonclassical imaging systems: …nonclassical optical system is the bifocal or trifocal spectacle lens. They are made either by forming two or three separate surfaces on a single piece of glass or obtaining additional power by fusing a piece of high-index glass on to the front of the main lens and then polishing a…

biform, having or appearing in two dissimilar guises. The term is used of characters in classical mythology that appeared to mortals in other than their customary bodily form. Zeus, for example, often took other forms; he appeared to Leda as a swan and to Europa as a white

Asgard: …earth only by the bridge Bifrost (the rainbow).

Rhaetian dialects: …notably with the Swiss Lutheran Jacob Bifrun’s translation of the New Testament. Both dialects have had a flourishing local literature since the 19th century. In many ways the Swiss Rhaetian dialects resemble French, and speakers seem to feel more at home with French than with Italian.

Cassandre: In 1929 he designed Bifur, a new typeface. Later, he designed two other typefaces, Acier Noir (1935) and Piegnot (1937). In 1939 he abandoned poster art and henceforth devoted himself to designing stage sets and to painting.

dichotomy, (from Greek dicha, “apart,” and tomos, “cutting”), a form of logical division consisting of the separation of a class into two subclasses, one of which has and the other has not a certain quality or attribute. Men thus may be divided into professional men and men who are not

Penny Marshall: She followed with the movie Big (1988); a hit with both critics and moviegoers, it recounted the adventures of a 12-year-old whose wish to be older comes true. It was the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the box office. Her next film,…

Big 12 Conference, American collegiate athletic organization. The Big 12 Conference has 16 members. Kansas, the University of Nebraska, Oklahoma, the University of Missouri, Iowa State, and Kansas State had been members of the Missouri Valley Conference (formed in 1907) but split in 1928 to form

Big 12 Conference, American collegiate athletic organization. The Big 12 Conference has 16 members. Kansas, the University of Nebraska, Oklahoma, the University of Missouri, Iowa State, and Kansas State had been members of the Missouri Valley Conference (formed in 1907) but split in 1928 to form

Big 12 Conference, American collegiate athletic organization. The Big 12 Conference has 16 members. Kansas, the University of Nebraska, Oklahoma, the University of Missouri, Iowa State, and Kansas State had been members of the Missouri Valley Conference (formed in 1907) but split in 1928 to form

Big 12 Conference, American collegiate athletic organization. The Big 12 Conference has 16 members. Kansas, the University of Nebraska, Oklahoma, the University of Missouri, Iowa State, and Kansas State had been members of the Missouri Valley Conference (formed in 1907) but split in 1928 to form