free-tailed bat: Except for the naked, or hairless, bat (Cheiromeles torquatus), which is almost hairless, they have short, velvety, usually dark fur.

Dipteridaceae: …extant species in Cheiropleuria is C. bicuspis, which is distributed from East Asia (including Japan) to Malesia (see Malesian subkingdom). Its leaves are dimorphic; that is, the fertile leaves have a long narrow entire lamina with the undersurface entirely covered with sporangia, but the vegetative leaves have a much broader…

Equisetopsida: Annotated classification: …leaves; 2 families: Sphenophyllaceae and Cheirostrobaceae. Order Equisetales Two families: Calamitaceae, extinct tree horsetails; and Equisetaceae, herbaceous living horsetails and fossil allies with needlelike leaves in whorls along the stem; 15 extant species in the genus Equisetum and several extinct species in the genus Equisetites

Tetractinella: …remarkably similar to the unrelated Cheirothyris fleuriausa, from the Late Jurassic (about 150 million years ago) marine rocks of Germany. The two forms are separated by a great geographic distance and by a large span of time.

Jeju, city and provincial capital, Jeju do (province), on the northern coast of Jeju Island, off the southern coast of South Korea. Jeju is the island’s largest city and has its only airport, which handles both domestic and international flights. The political, commercial, and cultural center of

Jeju Island, island and (since 2006) special autonomous province of South Korea. The province, the smallest of the republic, is in the East China Sea 60 miles (100 km) southwest of South Jeolla province, of which it once was a part. The provincial capital is the city of Jeju. Oval in shape, Jeju

airport: Evolution of airports: …Corporation’s cargo service, and the Hong Kong International Airport are the world’s largest cargo shippers, each of which handled nearly four million tons in 2007. In order to meet the increasing demand for air travel, large transport aircraft powered by multiple jet and turboprop engines have been built. Such aircraft…

breast cancer: Causes and symptoms: >CHEK2, and p53 have been linked to breast cancer. These mutations may be inherited or acquired. Mutations that are inherited often substantially increase a person’s risk for developing breast cancer. For example, whereas some 12 percent of women in the general population develop breast cancer,…

Cheka, early Soviet secret police agency and a forerunner of the KGB

Sir John Cheke was an English humanist and supporter of the Protestant Reformation who, as the poet John Milton said, “taught Cambridge and King Edward Greek” and who, with his friend Sir Thomas Smith, discovered the proper pronunciation of ancient Greek. Through his teaching he made the University

Chekhov’s gun, principle in drama, literature, and other narrative forms asserting that every element introduced in a story should be necessary to the plot. The concept was popularized by Russian playwright and author Anton Chekhov, who frequently illustrated the principle by using a gun as an

Anton Chekhov was a Russian playwright and master of the modern short story. He was a literary artist of laconic precision who probed below the surface of life, laying bare the secret motives of his characters. Chekhov’s best plays and short stories lack complex plots and neat solutions.

Anton Chekhov was a Russian playwright and master of the modern short story. He was a literary artist of laconic precision who probed below the surface of life, laying bare the secret motives of his characters. Chekhov’s best plays and short stories lack complex plots and neat solutions.

Zhejiang, sheng (province) of southeastern China. It is one of the smallest province-level political units of China, but it is also one of the most densely populated and affluent. A coastal province, it is bounded by the East China Sea to the east, by the provinces of Fujian to the south, Jiangxi

Mani Ratnam: …as O kadhal kanmani) and Chekka chivantha vaanam (2018), about a power struggle in a crime family; both were in Tamil. He received the prestigious Padma Shri award, one of India’s highest civilian honours, in 2002.

crustacean: Appendages: …which may bear pincers, or chelae. In crabs there is a single obvious pair of chelae, but in some of the prawns there may be up to three pairs of less conspicuous pincers. The decapod abdomen normally bears six pairs of biramous appendages, which are used in swimming in many…

crustacean: Appendages: …which may bear pincers, or chelae. In crabs there is a single obvious pair of chelae, but in some of the prawns there may be up to three pairs of less conspicuous pincers. The decapod abdomen normally bears six pairs of biramous appendages, which are used in swimming in many…

Lake Chelan, lake, north-central to northwestern Washington, U.S. The narrow fjordlike lake winds northwest-southeast for 55 miles (88 km) through a glacier-carved valley along the eastern edge of the Cascade Range. It is fed principally from the northwestern end by the Stehekin River, a glacial

chelate, any of a class of coordination or complex compounds consisting of a central metal atom attached to a large molecule, called a ligand, in a cyclic or ring structure. An example of a chelate ring occurs in the ethylenediamine-cadmium complex: The ethylenediamine ligand has two points of

food additive: Processing agents: Chelating, or sequestering, agents protect food products from many enzymatic reactions that promote deterioration during processing and storage. These agents bind to many of the minerals that are present in food (e.g., calcium and magnesium) and are required as cofactors for the activity of certain…

ion-exchange resin: These are the chelating resins and the electron-exchange resins. Chelating resins are styrene-divinylbenzene polymers to which iminodiacetate groups are introduced. This functional group forms complexes with all the metallic elements except the alkali metals, with stabilities that vary with the different metals; in analytical chemistry, they are used…

coordination compound: Ligands and chelates: …and their formation is termed chelation. Chelates are particularly stable and useful. An example of a typical chelate is bis(1,2-ethanediamine)copper(2+), the complex formed between the cupric ion (Cu2+) and the organic compound ethylenediamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2, often abbreviated as en in formulas). The formula of the complex is

Peter Chelčický was a Czech religious and political writer, the foremost thinker of the 15th-century Czech Hussite Reformation movement. A member of the south Bohemian gentry, Chelčický was much influenced by the thought of the English heretic John Wycliffe and the martyred Czech Reformer Jan Hus.

mineral deposit: Hydrothermal solution: …Imperial Valley of California, the Cheleken Peninsula on the eastern edge of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan, in oil-field brines, and in submarine springs along the mid-ocean ridge. Fossil hydrothermal solutions can be studied in fluid inclusions, which are tiny samples of solution trapped in crystal imperfections by a growing…

insect: Annotated classification: Order Phasmida (Phasmatoptera; stick and leaf insects) Often wingless; when winged, tegmina often shorter than wings; all legs similar, adapted for walking; mandibulate mouthparts; no tympanum; female ovipositor short, often concealed. Order Orthoptera

Mount Chélia, peak in the Aurès Mountains of the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria. One of the highest mountains in northern Algeria, it rises to 7,638 feet (2,328

Chelyabinsk, oblast (province), west-central Russia. It is sited on the eastern flank of the Ural Mountains; a winding panhandle extends across to the western slopes. In the extreme east, the oblast extends onto the West Siberian Plain. The higher mountain areas are clothed in pine, fir, spruce,

Chelyabinsk, city and administrative centre, Chelyabinsk oblast (province), west-central Russia. It lies on the eastern flank of the Ural Mountains and on the Miass River. Chelyabinsk was founded as a fortress in 1736 on the site of a Bashkir village; it became a town in 1787. First a local centre

Earth impact hazard: …than 1,500 people in the Chelyabinsk region of Russia were injured, mostly by flying glass which had been shattered by the shock wave of a meteorite 17 metres (56 feet) wide breaking up in the atmosphere. (The only verified case of a meteorite hitting and injuring a human being occurred…

arachnid: Body and appendages: …first of which are the chelicerae, the only appendages that are in front of the mouth. In many forms they are chelate, or pincerlike, and are used to hold and crush prey. Among spiders the basal segment of the chelicerae contains venom sacs, and the second segment, the fang, injects…

arthropod: Annotated classification: Subphylum Chelicerata Body divided into prosoma (cephalothorax) and opisthosoma (abdomen); no antennae; first pair of appendages consists of chelicerae flanking the mouth; in most chelicerates the other prosomal appendages are a pair of pedipalps and four pairs of legs. Class Merostomata Large marine chelicerates with book…

kite: The swallow-tailed kite of Africa (Chelicti- nia riocourii) is a small gray and white bird of the subfamily Elaninae. It occurs from Nigeria to Somalia. The white-tailed kite (Elanus leucurus; subfamily Elaninae) occurs from Argentina to California, where it is one of the few North American…

Asparagales: Flavonoids: Chelidonic acid is characteristic of Asphodelaceae and Agavoideae but is probably absent in Orchidaceae. Chelidonic acid is rare or absent elsewhere in Asparagales and other monocotyledons. Characteristic alkaloids are found in several genera of Asparagales. Genera in the family Amaryllidaceae have a different series of…

sea robin: The tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucernus) of Europe, for example, is a reddish fish with pectoral fins brightly edged and spotted with blue and green. Sea robins are also vocal and can produce audible sounds with their swim bladders and certain attached muscles. Along the American Atlantic,…

celandine: The greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is native to deciduous woods of Europe and Asia and is the only member of its genus. Once a valued plant of the Old World herbalist for its reputed power to remove warts, it was formerly known as wartweed. Its orange-coloured…

Chelif River: The Chelif plain receives only moderate, undependable rainfall (average, 16 inches [400 mm] annually), and evaporation is intense. The lower reaches of the river’s basin are, however, cultivated with the aid of irrigation. Three main dams have been constructed on the Chelif system at Ksar el-Boukhari…

Chelif River, the longest and most important river of Algeria. Its farthest tributary, the Sebgag River, rises in the Amour ranges of the Saharan Atlas Mountains near Aflou. Crossing the Hauts Plateaux for most of the year as a chain of marshes and muddy pools, the river loses most of its water but

false scorpion: The book scorpion (Chelifer cancroides), 4 mm long, occurs in houses and libraries. It feeds on book lice, carpet beetle larvae, clothes moths, and bedbugs.

Chelif River, the longest and most important river of Algeria. Its farthest tributary, the Sebgag River, rises in the Amour ranges of the Saharan Atlas Mountains near Aflou. Crossing the Hauts Plateaux for most of the year as a chain of marshes and muddy pools, the river loses most of its water but

Ech-Cheliff, town, northern Algeria. It lies along the Chelif River, south of the Mediterranean Sea port of Ténès. It was founded by the French in 1843 on the site of the ancient Roman settlement of Castellum Tingitanum and is now an important rail junction midway between Algiers and Oran, as well

crustacean: Appendages: …which may bear pincers, or chelae. In crabs there is a single obvious pair of chelae, but in some of the prawns there may be up to three pairs of less conspicuous pincers. The decapod abdomen normally bears six pairs of biramous appendages, which are used in swimming in many…

Chelkash, short story by Maxim Gorky, published in Russian in 1895 in the St. Petersburg journal Russkoye bogatstvo (“Wealth of Russia”). Like many of Gorky’s works, it is a profile of a free-spirited tramp, in this case a tough, brazen thief who prowls the Black Sea port of Odessa. Through his

Chellean industry, an early Stone Age industry characterized by crudely worked hand axes. The implements from Chelles in France that gave the industry its name are now grouped with the Acheulian industry. The term Chellean, in the sense of earliest hand-ax culture, has been replaced by Abbevillian

Chelles, town, eastern suburb of Paris, in Seine-et-Marne département, Paris région, north-central France, near the Marne River. It is the site of ancient Calae and has ruins of the 7th-century abbey of Notre-Dame-de-Chelles (founded by Bathilde, widow of Clovis II, and destroyed during the French

Chełm, city, Lubelskie województwo (province), eastern Poland. The city is located on the Uherka River, a tributary of the Bug River, 15 miles (24 km) west of the Ukrainian border. Chełm received town rights in 1233, passed to Poland in 1377, and fell to Austria (1795) and then to Russia (1815).

Chelmno, Nazi German extermination camp on the Ner River, a tributary of the Warta, in German-occupied western Poland. It opened in December 1941 and closed in January 1945 and was operated to execute Jews, most of whom were Polish. Some Soviet prisoners of war and more than 4,000 Roma (Gypsies)

Chelmno, Nazi German extermination camp on the Ner River, a tributary of the Warta, in German-occupied western Poland. It opened in December 1941 and closed in January 1945 and was operated to execute Jews, most of whom were Polish. Some Soviet prisoners of war and more than 4,000 Roma (Gypsies)

butterflyfish: …long snout, as in the longnose, or copperband, butterflyfish (Chelmon rostratus) of the Indo-Pacific and the long-snouted, or long-nosed, butterflyfish (Forcipiger flavissimus) of the Atlantic. Most species have strong, prominent spines on the front portions of their dorsal fins.

Chelmsford, town (township), Middlesex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies 24 miles (39 km) north of Boston; the city of Lowell is adjacent to the northeast. Settled in 1633, it was named for Chelmsford, England, and incorporated in 1655. An iron foundry using local bog ore was built

Chelmsford, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Essex, England, lying in the valley of the River Chelmer northeast of Greater London in south-central Essex. Chelmsford town is the seat of the administrative county. Remains of the Roman settlement of Caesaromagus have

Chelmsford: Chelmsford, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Essex, England, lying in the valley of the River Chelmer northeast of Greater London in south-central Essex. Chelmsford town is the seat of the administrative county.

Chelmsford: …Chelmsford Unitarian Church, compiled the Chelmsford Catechism, the only extant copy of which is in the New York Public Library. Joseph Spalding of Chelmsford is said to have fired the first shot in the Battle of Bunker Hill (1775). Warren H. Manning State Forest is nearby. Area 23 square miles…

Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford was an English colonial administrator and statesman who served for several years as governor of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia before becoming viceroy of India. As viceroy, he helped to institute reforms that increased Indian

Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford was an English colonial administrator and statesman who served for several years as governor of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia before becoming viceroy of India. As viceroy, he helped to institute reforms that increased Indian

Battles of Isandlwana and Rorke’s Drift: …the British commander in chief, Lord Chelmsford, crossed the Buffao (Mzinyathi) River at Rorke’s Drift, where it established a depot, and moved cautiously eastward into the Zulu kingdom. Cetshwayo’s policy was to withdraw his troops, remain on the defensive in this unprovoked war, and hope to negotiate. In particular, his…

Naberezhnye Chelny, city, Tatarstan, west-central Russia, on the left bank of the Kama River. The city is best known for its Kamaz truck plant, among the world’s largest. Also located at Naberezhnye Chelny is the Lower Kama hydroelectric station. Because of these developments, Naberezhnye Chelny

turtle: Egg development and hatching: … and South America and the northern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa) of Australia, have embryonic diapause, in which development stops soon after an egg is deposited. Diapause is usually triggered by an environmental stimulus, and development resumes when a contrasting stimulus (temperature and moisture) occurs. Incubation with diapause can be as…

Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey was a Soviet aerospace designer who was the chief architect behind the Proton launch vehicle and the Almaz (Salyut) military space station. After an early career in 1944–53 designing copies of the German V-1 “buzz bomb,” Chelomey formed a new design bureau known as

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Chelonariidae About 50 species in tropics of Asia and America. Family Cneoglossidae 1 genus (Cneoglossa); small; neotropical distribution. Family Dryopidae (long-toed water beetles) Small, downy; crawl on stream

false scorpion, any of the 1,700 species of the order Pseudoscorpiones (sometimes Chelonethida) of the arthropod class Arachnida. They resemble true scorpions but are tailless and only 1 to 7.5 mm (0.04 to 0.3 inch) long. The chelicerae (first pair of appendages) bear silk-gland openings, and the

turtle, (order Testudines), any reptile with a body encased in a bony shell, including tortoises. Although numerous animals, from invertebrates to mammals, have evolved shells, none has an architecture like that of turtles. The turtle shell has a top (carapace) and a bottom (plastron). The carapace

sea turtle: Physical features and feeding habits: Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles have adult shell lengths between 0.9 and 1.2 metres (3 and 4 feet) long. The loggerhead is carnivorous and prefers coastal marine environments. It has the proportionately largest head of the sea turtles; this feature may be an adaptation that…

sea turtle: Cheloniidae (green turtles, flatback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, hawksbills, and ridleys). Both families are highly aquatic, and most species only appear on coastal beaches for egg laying; however, the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) occasionally basks in terrestrial environments. Adult sea turtles are mainly denizens…

sea turtle: Cheloniidae (green turtles, flatback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, hawksbills, and ridleys). Both families are highly aquatic, and most species only appear on coastal beaches for egg laying; however, the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) occasionally basks in terrestrial environments. Adult sea turtles are mainly denizens…

Kensington and Chelsea, royal borough in inner London, England, part of the historic county of Middlesex. It occupies the north bank of the River Thames west of the City of Westminster. The borough of Kensington and Chelsea, forming part of London’s fashionable West End district, is predominantly

Chelsea, city, Suffolk county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. A northeastern suburb of Boston, it lies on the estuary of the Mystic River and is joined to Charlestown by a road bridge. Settled in 1624 as Winnisimmet, it was renamed in 1739 for Chelsea, London. The city suffered massive fires in 1908

Chelsea bun, traditional British treat that is made from yeast dough topped with currants, brown sugar, and butter and then coiled into square- or round-shaped buns. After baking, they are coated in a sugar glaze. The buns date to the 18th century and were created in the Chelsea area of West London

Chelsea Handler: Books and other work: It was followed by Chelsea Chelsea Bang Bang (2010) and Lies That Chelsea Handler Told Me (2011), a collection of anecdotes written by her friends and family; both books also hit number one. Handler related her travel mishaps in Uganda Be Kidding Me (2014), also an immediate best seller.…

Revere: …Israel Putnam at the so-called Battle of Chelsea Creek (May 27, 1775). Separately incorporated as the town of North Chelsea in 1846, it was renamed in 1871 to honour Paul Revere.

Chelsea FC, English professional football (soccer) team based in the Hammersmith and Fulham borough of London. Chelsea Football Club (FC), nicknamed “the Blues,” is one of the world’s richest, biggest, and most-supported football clubs. It is known for its star players and an offensive style of

Chelsea FC, English professional football (soccer) team based in the Hammersmith and Fulham borough of London. Chelsea Football Club (FC), nicknamed “the Blues,” is one of the world’s richest, biggest, and most-supported football clubs. It is known for its star players and an offensive style of

the Velvet Underground: …melancholy was best captured on Chelsea Girls (1968), featuring contributions by Reed, Cale, and Morrison, and The Marble Index (1969), produced by Cale. Also in 1967, Reed dismissed Warhol as the group’s manager. Cale was replaced by Doug Yule in 1968, after the release of White Light/White Heat, an album…

Andy Warhol: …motion pictures of his as Chelsea Girls (1966), Eat (1963), My Hustler (1965), and Blue Movie (1969) are known for their inventive eroticism, plotless boredom, and inordinate length (up to 25 hours). Other movies include Poor Little Rich Girl (1965) and Lupe (1966), both of which featured Edie Sedgwick

Ethan Hawke: …who live at the infamous Chelsea Hotel in New York City. That year he starred opposite Denzel Washington in the crime drama Training Day, directed by Antoine Fuqua. Hawke’s performance as a police officer new to a corrupt narcotics squad earned him his first Academy Award nomination. He continued to…

Chelsea Handler: …and her late-night talk show, Chelsea Lately (2007–14).

Sir David Wilkie: …achieved such success that the Chelsea Pensioners Reading the Waterloo Despatch, when exhibited in the Royal Academy exhibition of 1822, had to be protected by barriers from the crowds of admirers.

Chelsea porcelain, soft-paste porcelain made at a factory in Chelsea, London, established in 1743 by Charles Gouyn and Nicolas Sprimont, the latter a silversmith. By the 1750s the sole manager was Sprimont, from whose genius stemmed Chelsea’s greatest achievements. In 1769 the factory was sold to

Ethan Hawke: …made his directorial debut with Chelsea Walls, about the people who live at the infamous Chelsea Hotel in New York City. That year he starred opposite Denzel Washington in the crime drama Training Day, directed by Antoine Fuqua. Hawke’s performance as a police officer new to a corrupt narcotics squad…

Cheltenham: (district), administrative and historic county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated where the River Chelt, a tributary of the River Severn, breaks through the western edge of the Cotswolds.

Cheltenham, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated where the River Chelt, a tributary of the River Severn, breaks through the western edge of the Cotswolds. A church is known to have existed at Cheltenham as early as 803. The town

rugby: Scoring: …to the pattern favoured at Cheltenham School, whereby points were scored for a try, and penalty kicks were introduced, allowing teams disadvantaged by illegal play to kick for goal and score points if successful. Thus, goals could be scored from an opposition penalty (“penalty goals”) or by dropping the ball…

Taiwan earthquake of 1999: …by thrust faulting along the Chelung-pu fault in central Taiwan. The hanging wall thrust westward and upward along a line almost 60 miles (100 km) long, with uplift ranging from more than 3 feet (1 metre) in the south to 26 feet (8 metres) in the north. Many roads and…

amphipod: …of one marine family (Cheluridae) chew wood and are always found associated with the isopod Limnoria, another wood borer. In contrast, other amphipod species (such as those of the family Gammaridae) are mostly scavengers and herbivores that typically burrow into the soft mud of the sea bottom. Amphipod gills…

turtle: Form and function: …developed in the South American matamata (Chelus fimbriatus or C. fimbriata). This turtle can quickly enlarge the cavity of its mouth and throat when striking at passing prey. As the turtle’s head nears its victim, the greatly enlarged cavity acts like a vacuum, sucking water and prey into the mouth.…

Chelyabinsk, city and administrative centre, Chelyabinsk oblast (province), west-central Russia. It lies on the eastern flank of the Ural Mountains and on the Miass River. Chelyabinsk was founded as a fortress in 1736 on the site of a Bashkir village; it became a town in 1787. First a local centre

Chelyabinsk, oblast (province), west-central Russia. It is sited on the eastern flank of the Ural Mountains; a winding panhandle extends across to the western slopes. In the extreme east, the oblast extends onto the West Siberian Plain. The higher mountain areas are clothed in pine, fir, spruce,

Earth impact hazard: …than 1,500 people in the Chelyabinsk region of Russia were injured, mostly by flying glass which had been shattered by the shock wave of a meteorite 17 metres (56 feet) wide breaking up in the atmosphere. (The only verified case of a meteorite hitting and injuring a human being occurred…

Kyshtym disaster, explosion of buried nuclear waste from a plutonium-processing plant near Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk oblast, Russia (then in the U.S.S.R.), on September 29, 1957. Until 1989 the Soviet government refused to acknowledge that the event had occurred, even though about 9,000 square miles

snapping turtle: The distribution of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is widespread from Canada to the west coast of northern South America. C. serpentina serpentina is the subspecies found throughout southern and eastern Canada and in the eastern half of the United States. It is distinguished by a saw-edged crest…

snapping turtle, either of several species of freshwater turtles (family Chelydridae) named for their method of biting. Snapping turtles are found continuously in North America from eastern Canada and New England to the Rockies, and they are also found in pockets from Mexico and Central America to

tortoise beetle: Life cycle and natural history: variolosa and the North American argus tortoise beetle (Chelymorpha cassidea). During each molt, the old skin is pushed back and attached to spines at the hind end. The dried and shrunken skins plus extruded feces combine to form an umbrella-like fecal shield that camouflages the larvae. A tortoise…

Arctic: Conquest of the Northeast Passage: The following season the steamer Chelyuskin fared even worse; having almost reached the Bering Strait from the west, it became beset in the ice, was finally crushed, and sank in the Chukchi Sea. The first accident-free, one-season passage of the Northeast Passage was made from west to east by the…

Cape Chelyuskin, cape in north-central Siberia, the northernmost point of the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia and of the entire Eurasian landmass. The area around the cape is composed of ancient Precambrian materials, and a series of marine terraces demonstrates that the region is rising relative to the

Great Northern Expedition: S.I. Chelyuskin reached the cape named after him, the northernmost point of the Siberian mainland, and the cousins Khariton and Dmitry Laptev charted the Siberian coast from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Kolyma River.

Brahmaputra River: Physiography: …Kubi, the Angsi, and the Chemayungdung. From its source the river runs for nearly 700 miles (1,100 km) in a generally easterly direction between the Great Himalayas range to the south and the Kailas Range to the north. Throughout its upper course the river is generally known as the Tsangpo…

Brahmaputra River: Physiography: The Brahmaputra’s source is the Chemayungdung Glacier, which covers the slopes of the Himalayas about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of Lake Mapam in southwestern Tibet. The three headstreams that arise there are the Kubi, the Angsi, and the Chemayungdung. From its source the river runs for nearly 700 miles…

Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin: Language: …of Ute (self-name Nuche) and Southern Paiute groups including the Chemehuevi. The distinction between Southern Paiute and Ute is cultural rather than linguistic; Ute speakers who had horses in the early historic period are regarded as Ute, and those who did not readily adopt horses are regarded as Southern Paiute.

liquid: Composition ratios: …it is said that this component is positively adsorbed at the interface. In aqueous solutions of organic liquids, the organic component is usually positively adsorbed at the solution-air interface; as a result, it is often possible to separate a mixture of an organic solute from water by a process called…

chemical weapon: Chemical agents: Since World War I, several types of chemical agents have been developed into weapons. These include choking agents, blister agents, blood agents, nerve agents, incapacitants, riot-control agents, and herbicides.

ʿAlī Ḥasan al-Majīd was an Iraqi Baʿth Party official and a cousin of Iraqi Pres. Ṣaddām Ḥussein. During his career he became known for brutal attacks on Iraqi citizens, especially Kurds and Shīʿites. In 1958 al-Majīd joined the Baʿth Party. With Ṣaddām’s rise to power in the government of Pres.