Fay-Cooper Cole was an American anthropologist who became an authority on the peoples and cultures of the Malay Archipelago and who promoted modern archaeology. He also wrote several popular works on evolution and the growth of culture. After graduating from Northwestern University in 1903, Cole

Fabianism: …the academics Harold Laski and G.D.H. Cole (both of whom were sometimes far more radical than mainstream Fabians) as well as Labour Party politicians and activists such as R.H.S. Crossman, Roy Jenkins, Ian Mikardo, Denis Healey, and Margaret Cole. The Fabian Society survived into the 21st century as a think…

navigation: Distance and speed measurements: …1688 an English instrument maker, Humphry Cole, invented the so-called patent log, in which a vaned rotor was towed from the stern, and its revolutions were counted on a register. Logs of this kind did not become common until the mid-19th century, when the register was mounted on the aft…

Kim Hunter was an American actress of stage, screen, and television who was perhaps best known for her portrayals of two extremely varied roles: Stella Kowalski in the stage (1947) and film (1951) versions of A Streetcar Named Desire and the sympathetic chimpanzee psychiatrist Dr. Zira in three

Johnnetta Cole is an anthropologist and educator who was the first African American woman president of Spelman College (1987–97). Among Cole’s early influences in education were her mother, who taught college English, pioneering educator Mary MacLeod Bethune, and writer Arna Bontemps, who was the

Hollywood Ten: were Alvah Bessie, Herbert Biberman, Lester Cole, Edward Dmytryk, Ring Lardner, Jr., John Howard Lawson, Albert Maltz, Samuel Ornitz, Adrian Scott, and Dalton Trumbo.

Kenny Everett was a British disc jockey and television entertainer known for his wacky, inventive comedic style and often controversial irreverence. His successful jump from radio to television helped redefine the role of radio personality as a springboard to other areas of entertainment. The son

human intelligence: Cognitive theories: For example, the American psychologist Michael E. Cole and other psychologists have argued that cognitive processing does not accommodate the possibility that descriptions of intelligence may differ from one culture to another and across cultural subgroups. Moreover, common experience has shown that conventional tests, even though they may predict academic…

Nat King Cole was an American musician hailed as one of the best and most influential pianists and small-group leaders of the swing era. Cole attained his greatest commercial success, however, as a vocalist specializing in warm ballads and light swing. Cole grew up in Chicago, where, by age 12, he

Natalie Cole was an American singer who forged a successful career performing rhythm and blues and jazz-based pop music. The daughter of legendary crooner Nat King Cole, she earned a degree in child psychology from the University of Massachusetts in 1972. Although uncertain about pursuing a career

Natalie Cole was an American singer who forged a successful career performing rhythm and blues and jazz-based pop music. The daughter of legendary crooner Nat King Cole, she earned a degree in child psychology from the University of Massachusetts in 1972. Although uncertain about pursuing a career

Nat King Cole was an American musician hailed as one of the best and most influential pianists and small-group leaders of the swing era. Cole attained his greatest commercial success, however, as a vocalist specializing in warm ballads and light swing. Cole grew up in Chicago, where, by age 12, he

Dawson’s Creek: …Don’t Want to Wait,” by Paula Cole, was inducted in 2022 into the Online Film and Television Association’s Television Hall of Fame. In addition to awards, Dawson’s Creek garnered high ratings and became one of the most watched shows among female teens. The series paved the way for teen dramas…

Sir Henry Cole was an English public servant, art patron, and educator who is significant in the history of industrial design for his recognition of the importance of combining art and industry. At the age of 15 Cole started clerking for the public-records historian, and eventually he became

Thomas Cole was an American Romantic landscape painter who was a founder of the Hudson River school. Cole’s family immigrated first to Philadelphia and then settled in Steubenville, Ohio. He was trained by an itinerant portrait painter named Stein and then spent two years at the Pennsylvania

Cozy Cole was an American jazz musician who was a versatile percussionist. A highlight of Cole’s drumming career was the 1958 hit “Topsy,” the only recording featuring a drum solo to sell more than one million copies. After making his recording debut (1930) with Jelly Roll Morton, Cole performed

Leonard Colebrook was an English medical researcher who introduced the use of Prontosil, the first sulfonamide drug, as a cure for puerperal, or childbed, fever, a condition resulting from infection after childbirth or abortion. Colebrook joined researcher Almroth Wright in 1907 at St. Mary’s

Colebrook-Cameron Commission, committee sent by the British government in 1829–32 to investigate its colonial government in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and to make recommendations for administrative, financial, economic, and judicial reform. Most of the recommendations were accepted; they signified for

Coalport porcelain, ware from the porcelain factory in Shropshire, England, founded by John Rose in 1795. “Coalbrookdale Porcelain” was used sometimes as a trade description and a mark because the factory was located at Coalbrookdale. Coalport’s glazed bone china was in great demand and improved

Buenos Aires: Transportation: …Buenos Aires around the unique colectivo, or microbus, an Argentine invention. Half the size of a typical city bus, it is usually crammed with people and often barely pauses as passengers jump on and off. The drivers, who are generally owners of the cooperative that operates the bus line, are…

diverticulitis: Diagnosis and treatment: …hospitalization, intravenous medication, and a colectomy, the surgical removal of the affected part of the colon.

Forest of Dean: Coleford, in the west, is the administrative centre.

Isabel Colegate was a British author of novels about life among the upper classes in England during the 20th century. At the age of 19 Colegate began working as an assistant to literary agent Anthony Blond. When Blond became a publisher, one of the first books he brought was Colgate’s first novel,

Isabel Colegate was a British author of novels about life among the upper classes in England during the 20th century. At the age of 19 Colegate began working as an assistant to literary agent Anthony Blond. When Blond became a publisher, one of the first books he brought was Colgate’s first novel,

Uruguay: Modernization and reform: …with a plural executive, the colegiado. Batlle’s audacious plan split the Colorados and reinvigorated the Blanco opposition, and in 1916 the colegiado was defeated in the country’s first election by secret ballot. Batlle retained a significant amount of prestige and support, however, which allowed him to strike a compromise that…

college: …Swedish nation and the Spanish colegio are contemporary continental efforts to gain some of the advantages of the older system.

Northeastern school, group of 20th-century Brazilian regional writers whose fiction dealt primarily with the culture and social problems of Brazil’s hinterland Northeast. Stimulated by the Modernist-led revival of nationalism of the 1920s, the regionalists looked to the diverse ethnic and racial

Baker v. Carr: …apportionment cases; in 1946 in Colegrove v. Green the court said apportionment was a “political thicket” into which the judiciary should not intrude. In the Baker case, however, the court held that each vote should carry equal weight regardless of the voter’s place of residence. Thus the legislature of Tennessee…

Rubem Fonseca: …received and was followed by A coleira do cão (“The Dog’s Collar”), a second collection of short stories published in 1965. Many of the characters and plots of his stories emerged from his work as a police officer as well as from the news headlines, which by the mid-1960s focused…

Bessie Coleman was an American aviator and a star of early aviation exhibitions and air shows. One of 13 children, Coleman grew up in Waxahatchie, Texas, where her mathematical aptitude freed her from working in the cotton fields. She attended college in Langston, Oklahoma, briefly, before moving

Sydney Pollack: Tootsie and Out of Africa: …won an Oscar), Bill Murray, Dabney Coleman, Teri Garr, and Charles Durning. Pollack was notable as a skeptical agent, and he earned his second Oscar nod for direction.

Brooklyn Nets: …Petrović as well as forward Derrick Coleman. However, this Nets squad was undone by Petrović’s sudden death in a car accident in 1993 and a spate of misbehavior and inconsistent play by Anderson and Coleman that resulted in a near-complete roster turnover by the end of the 1995–96 season, after…

Bessie Coleman was an American aviator and a star of early aviation exhibitions and air shows. One of 13 children, Coleman grew up in Waxahatchie, Texas, where her mathematical aptitude freed her from working in the cotton fields. She attended college in Langston, Oklahoma, briefly, before moving

Gary Coleman was an American child star known for his small stature. He was best known for starring in the situation comedy television series Diff’rent Strokes (1978–86). Coleman was adopted as a baby by Edmonia Sue Coleman, a nurse practitioner, and W.G. Coleman, a pharmaceutical company

Gary Coleman was an American child star known for his small stature. He was best known for starring in the situation comedy television series Diff’rent Strokes (1978–86). Coleman was adopted as a baby by Edmonia Sue Coleman, a nurse practitioner, and W.G. Coleman, a pharmaceutical company

Georgia Coleman was an American diver who was the first woman to perform a forward 2 1 2 somersault dive in competition. She won several Olympic medals, including a gold in the springboard event. Coleman had been diving for just six months when she competed at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam.

James S. Coleman was an American sociologist, a pioneer in mathematical sociology whose studies strongly influenced education policy in the United States. Coleman received a B.S. from Purdue University (1949) and a Ph.D. from Columbia University (1955), where he was a research associate in the

James S. Coleman was an American sociologist, a pioneer in mathematical sociology whose studies strongly influenced education policy in the United States. Coleman received a B.S. from Purdue University (1949) and a Ph.D. from Columbia University (1955), where he was a research associate in the

Katherine Johnson was an American mathematician who calculated and analyzed the flight paths of many spacecraft during her more than three decades with the U.S. space program. Her work helped send astronauts to the Moon. Coleman’s intelligence and skill with numbers became apparent when she was a

Tim Pawlenty: …in favour of another candidate—Norm Coleman, the mayor of St. Paul, who had switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in 1996. In 2001 Pawlenty intended to make a bid for the U.S. Senate but was persuaded not to run—again in favour of Coleman—by Vice Pres. Dick…

Ornette Coleman was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and bandleader who was the principal initiator and leading exponent of free jazz in the late 1950s. Coleman began playing alto, then tenor saxophone as a teenager and soon became a working musician in dance bands and rhythm-and-blues

colemanite, borate mineral, hydrated calcium borate (Ca2B6O11·5H2O) that was the principal source of borax until the 1930s. It typically occurs as colourless, brilliant crystals and masses in Paleogene and Neogene sediments (those formed 65.5 to 2.6 million years ago), where it has been derived

Hakkâri, city, capital of Hakkâri il (province), southeastern Turkey. It lies at an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 metres), surrounded by mountains and overlooked by a medieval fortress, the former residence of its Kurdish rulers. A market for local livestock and livestock products, Hakkâri

John Colenso was a controversial liberal Anglican bishop of Natal. He made numerous converts among the Zulus, who caused him to abandon certain religious tenets and thus be subjected to trial for heresy. Colenso became rector of Forncett St. Mary’s Church, Norfolk, in 1846 and in 1853 bishop of

mollusk: Annotated classification: …recent species); Ammonoida (fossils); and Coleoida (fossils and 4 recent orders). Many aspects of molluscan classification remain unsettled, particularly for gastropods and bivalves. The Amphineura, the former name for a group made up of the Polyplacophora (chitons) and Aplacophora (caudofoveates and solenogasters) within one subphylum, has been replaced…

mollusk: Annotated classification: …recent species); Ammonoida (fossils); and Coleoida (fossils and 4 recent orders). Many aspects of molluscan classification remain unsettled, particularly for gastropods and bivalves. The Amphineura, the former name for a group made up of the Polyplacophora (chitons) and Aplacophora (caudofoveates and solenogasters) within one subphylum, has been replaced…

mollusk: Annotated classification: …recent species); Ammonoida (fossils); and Coleoida (fossils and 4 recent orders). Many aspects of molluscan classification remain unsettled, particularly for gastropods and bivalves. The Amphineura, the former name for a group made up of the Polyplacophora (chitons) and Aplacophora (caudofoveates and solenogasters) within one subphylum, has been replaced…

gecko: The banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus), the most widespread native North American species, grows to 15 cm (6 inches) and is pinkish to yellowish tan with darker bands and splotches. The tokay gecko (Gekko gecko), native to Southeast Asia, is the largest species, attaining a length of…

Lepidoptera: Annotated classification: Family Coleophoridae (casebearer moths) Approximately 1,400 species, mainly Holarctic in distribution; small, very narrow-winged moths; larvae mostly mine leaves or feed on seeds; many larvae construct portable cases with distinctive shapes; some are pests of fruit trees. Family Oecophoridae (oecophorid moths) More than 3,100 small

coleopteran, (order Coleoptera), any member of the insect order Coleoptera, consisting of the beetles and weevils. It is the largest order of insects, representing about 40 percent of the known insect species. Among the over 360,000 species of Coleoptera are many of the largest and most conspicuous

coleopteran, (order Coleoptera), any member of the insect order Coleoptera, consisting of the beetles and weevils. It is the largest order of insects, representing about 40 percent of the known insect species. Among the over 360,000 species of Coleoptera are many of the largest and most conspicuous

coleopteran, (order Coleoptera), any member of the insect order Coleoptera, consisting of the beetles and weevils. It is the largest order of insects, representing about 40 percent of the known insect species. Among the over 360,000 species of Coleoptera are many of the largest and most conspicuous

plant development: Origin of the primary organs: …cell forms part of the coleoptile and also gives rise to the shoot apex and the tissues of the root and coleorhiza. The embryo is asymmetrical, with the shoot apex lying on one side in a notch, ensheathed by the coleoptile.

plant development: Origin of the primary organs: …tissues of the root and coleorhiza. The embryo is asymmetrical, with the shoot apex lying on one side in a notch, ensheathed by the coleoptile.

homopteran: Annotated classification: Suborder Coleorrhyncha Origin of beak at antero-ventral extremity of face; propleura form a sheath for base of beak; hind wings absent; forewings held flat over abdomen when at rest; no flight function; prothorax with paranota; digestive tract lacks filter chamber. Family Pelorididae Most primitive Homoptera; Tasmania,…

Gabriel Lippmann: He also invented the coleostat, an instrument that allowed for long-exposure photographs of the sky by compensating for the Earth’s motion during the exposure.

John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper was an English statesman who was an influential counsellor of Charles I during the Civil War and of Charles II in exile. Elected member for Kent in the Long Parliament, he took the popular side, supporting the Earl of Strafford’s attainder and receiving an

John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper was an English statesman who was an influential counsellor of Charles I during the Civil War and of Charles II in exile. Elected member for Kent in the Long Parliament, he took the popular side, supporting the Earl of Strafford’s attainder and receiving an

Coleraine: The former district of Coleraine was bordered by the former districts of Limavady to the west, Magherafelt to the south, and Ballymoney and Moyle to the east and by the Atlantic Ocean to the north. Western Coleraine is composed of wooded hilly terrain that slopes eastward to the River…

Coleraine, town and former district (1973–2015) astride the former counties of Antrim and Londonderry, now part of the Causeway Coast and Glens district, Northern Ireland. Coleraine town is located near the mouth of the River Bann. It is the administrative centre of the Causeway Coast and Glens

Richard Kidston Law, 1st Baron Coleraine was a British politician who served as minister of state at the Foreign Office (1943–45) during World War II and later as minister of education (1945). The son of Bonar Law, U.K. prime minister from October 1922 to May 1923, Richard Law opposed appeasement

John Stuart Mill: Public life and writing of John Stuart Mill: …twin essays on Bentham and Coleridge show Mill’s powers at their splendid best and indicate very clearly the new spirit that he tried to breathe into English radicalism.

Hartley Coleridge was an English poet whose wayward talent found expression in his skillful and sensitive sonnets. The eldest son of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, he spent his childhood alarming and delighting his family and the Southeys and Wordsworths by his mental agility and the “exquisite

teacher education: Early development: The work of Derwent Coleridge, principal of St. Mark’s College, London, who admitted that he took his models not from the pedagogical seminaries of Germany but from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, exemplified the attempt to introduce a larger element of general education into teacher preparation. Sir…

Hartley Coleridge was an English poet whose wayward talent found expression in his skillful and sensitive sonnets. The eldest son of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, he spent his childhood alarming and delighting his family and the Southeys and Wordsworths by his mental agility and the “exquisite

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an English lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher. His Lyrical Ballads, written with William Wordsworth, heralded the English Romantic movement, and his Biographia Literaria (1817) is the most significant work of general literary criticism produced in the English Romantic

Sara Coleridge was an English translator and author of children’s verse, known primarily as the editor of the works of her father, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. During her childhood, her father was seldom at home, and his brother-in-law Robert Southey chiefly influenced Sara’s early years. She did not

Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was an English composer who enjoyed considerable acclaim in the early years of the 20th century. Coleridge-Taylor’s father, thwarted in his attempts to progress as a physician—through apparent racial prejudice—deserted his son and English wife and returned to his native West

Kollidam River, river, east-central Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. Formed by the northern bifurcation of the Kaveri (Cauvery) River just west of Srirangam, the Kollidam River flows in an easterly and then northeasterly direction for about 95 miles (150 km) and empties through several mouths

Elizabeth Taylor was a British novelist noted for her precise use of language and scrupulously understated style. Her first novel, At Mrs Lippincote’s, was published in 1945; like most of her work, it has a largely uneventful plot but portrays with unerring accuracy the behaviour of women in

Ruby Bridges: …period were her teacher and Robert Coles, a renowned child psychologist who studied the reaction of young children toward extreme stress or crisis. Toward the end of the year, the crowds began to thin, and by the following year the school had enrolled several more Black students.

Big Hole, a large, defunct, open-pit diamond mine located in present-day Kimberley, South Africa. Considered to be the largest hand-excavated hole in the world and one of the deepest, it has a circumference of about 1 mile (1.6 km) and a diameter of roughly 1,500 feet (460 meters). The Big Hole

coleslaw, side dish primarily consisting of shredded or diced cabbage combined with a vinegar- or mayonnaise-based dressing. Coleslaw recipes vary widely, are often regional, and can include a number of additional ingredients, such as carrots, celery, apples, cheese, onion, raisins, mustard, or

John Colet was a theologian and founder of St. Paul’s School, London, who, as one of the chief Tudor Humanists, promoted Renaissance culture in England. The son of a prosperous merchant who had been Lord Mayor of London, Colet studied mathematics and philosophy at Oxford and then travelled and

Louise Colet was a French poet and novelist, as noted for her friendships with leading men of letters as for her own work. Daughter of a businessman, she married a musician, Hippolyte Colet, in 1834, and published her first poetry, “Fleurs du Midi,” in 1836. Her Paris salon became a meeting place

Colette was an outstanding French writer of the first half of the 20th century whose best novels, largely concerned with the pains and pleasures of love, are remarkable for their command of sensual description. Her greatest strength as a writer is an exact sensory evocation of sounds, smells,

Colette was an outstanding French writer of the first half of the 20th century whose best novels, largely concerned with the pains and pleasures of love, are remarkable for their command of sensual description. Her greatest strength as a writer is an exact sensory evocation of sounds, smells,

St. Colette ; canonized 1807; feast day March 6) was a Franciscan abbess, reformer of the Poor Clares and founder of the Colettine Poor Clares. The daughter of a carpenter at the monastery of Corbie, she was orphaned at 17 and entered the Third Order of St. Francis, living in a hermitage given her

Poor Clare: …the Colettine Poor Clares, or Poor Clares of St. Colette (P.C.C.), and today are located mostly in France. The Capuchin Sisters, originating in Naples in 1538, and the Alcantarines, of 1631, are also Poor Clares of the strict observance.

coleus, any of several ornamental plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae), grown for the bright colours and patterns of their leaves. The plants were formerly grouped in the genus Coleus, but their taxonomy is contentious and molecular data suggest that the species are distributed across several

coleus: Varieties of common coleus, or painted nettle (Plectranthus scutellarioides, formerly Coleus blumei), from Java, are well-known house and garden plants up to one metre (three feet) tall. They have square stems and small, blue, two-lipped flowers borne in spikes. The leaves are often variegated with colourful patterns…

coleus: Bush coleus, or blue Plectranthus (P. thyrsoideus, formerly C. thyrsoideus), from Central Africa, reaches a height of one metre and produces sprays of bright blue flowers. The leaves have distinctive venation and are often green with white borders.

collard, (Brassica oleracea, variety acephala), form of cabbage, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The plant is a source of nutritionally important minerals and vitamins A and C. It is commonly raised as a source of winter greens in the southern United States, where it is customarily boiled

Colfax, county, northeastern New Mexico, U.S., bordered on the north by Colorado. Its westernmost section is in the Southern Rocky Mountains and includes the Cimarron range, topped by 12,441-foot (3,782-metre) Baldy Peak, and the Sangre de Cristo range, which rises to more than 10,000 feet (3,000

Colfax massacre, murder of some 150 African American militia members who were attempting to surrender to a white militia on April 13, 1873 in Colfax, Louisiana. Like the Rosewood massacre of 1923, the Colfax massacre was largely forgotten for decades until renewed scholarly interest brought greater

Schuyler Colfax was the 17th vice president of the United States (1869–73) in the Republican administration of President Ulysses S. Grant. Colfax was the posthumous son of a bank clerk, Schuyler Colfax, and Hannah Stryker. After moving with his mother to Indiana in his youth, Colfax founded the St.

Kenneth Branagh: …the popular fantasy series by Eoin Colfer, and he appeared in Nolan’s sci-fi thriller Tenet. The following year Branagh earned acclaim for Belfast, which he wrote and directed. Inspired by his own childhood, the drama is set in Belfast during the early years of the Troubles. It was nominated for…

Joel Grey: …perform on the television show The Colgate Comedy Hour (1951–54). Grey went on to perform in several such shows, and he became a nightclub performer as well. He made his film debut in the musical About Face (1952). After playing the title role in a televised play, Jack and the…

Colgate-Palmolive Company: Colgate Total, a line of toothpaste designed to protect against a number of conditions including gingivitis, was introduced in Europe in 1992 and in the United States in 1997.

Colgate University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Hamilton, New York, U.S. The university offers a liberal arts curriculum for undergraduates and several master’s degree programs. Campus facilities include an automated observatory, the Dana Arts Center, and the Longyear

Colgate-Palmolive Company: …the early 19th century when William Colgate, a soap and candle maker, began selling his wares in New York City under the name William Colgate & Company. After his death in 1857, the company was run by his son, Samuel Colgate, under the new name Colgate & Company. In 1890…

Colgate-Palmolive Company, American diversified company that manufactures and distributes household and commercial cleaning products, dental and other personal-care products, and pet foods in the United States and in more than 200 other countries and territories worldwide. Headquarters are in New

dress: South Asia: …short-sleeved, breast-length blouse called a coli. The ghaghra and coli continue to be basic elements of Muslim women’s dress, the loose front panel replaced by the traditional sari, which is worn as an overgarment, one end draped around the hips, the other carried up over the shoulder or head.

sulfur butterfly, (subfamily Coliadinae), any of a group of butterflies in the family Pieridae (order Lepidoptera) that are bright yellow or orange and have a wingspan of 35 to 60 mm (1.5 to 2.5 inches). Sexual and seasonal dimorphism in pattern and colour occur in many species. The pupae are

sulfur butterfly: For example, the alfalfa butterfly (Colias eurytheme) is usually orange with black wing margins, but some females are white with black margins. The larvae feed on clover and may seriously damage crops, including alfalfa and soybeans.

hummingbird: In the violet-ears (Colibri) and a few others, pair bonds are formed, and both sexes assume parental duties. In the majority of other species, the male defends a territory, where he displays in flight to passing females with swoops, dashes, and sudden stops and starts. Often he…

colic, in horses, any of a number of disease conditions that are associated with clinical signs of abdominal pain. Horses are especially susceptible to colic related to digestive tract problems, and death occurs in about 11 percent of affected animals. Signs include pawing the ground, kicking at

colic, pain produced by the contraction of the muscular walls of any hollow organ, such as the renal pelvis, the biliary tract, or the gastrointestinal tract, of which the aperture has become more or less blocked, temporarily or otherwise. In infants, usually those who are bottle-fed, intestinal

plasmid: One class of plasmids, colicinogenic (or Col ) factors, determines the production of proteins called colicins, which have antibiotic activity and can kill other bacteria. Another class of plasmids, R factors, confers upon bacteria resistance to antibiotics. Some Col factors and R factors can transfer themselves from one cell…

bird: Annotated classification: Order Coliiformes (colies, or mousebirds) 6 species in 1 family of Africa south of the Sahara; soft plumage with long, pointed tails and all 4 toes directed forward; largely vegetarian, some insects; length 29–36 cm (11–14 inches). Order Struthioniformes (ostriches