mineral: Crystal habit and crystal aggregation: …resembling a bunch of grapes; colloform, spherical forms composed of radiating individuals without regard to size (this includes botryoidal, reniform, and mammillary forms); stalactitic, pendant cylinders or cones resembling icicles; concentric, roughly spherical layers arranged about a common centre, as in agate and in geodes; geode, a partially filled rock…

colloid, any substance consisting of particles substantially larger than atoms or ordinary molecules but too small to be visible to the unaided eye; more broadly, any substance, including thin films and fibres, having at least one dimension in this general size range, which encompasses about 10−7

goitre: …common type of goitre is endemic goitre, caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine is an essential nutrient that is required for the production of thyroid hormone. When iodine intake is low, thyroid hormone production is low, and in response the pituitary gland secretes greater quantities of the hormone thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone,…

technology of photography: Colloid and photopolymer processes: A comparatively early non-silver process depended on organic colloid (gum or gelatin) treated with a bichromate. Exposure to light hardened the gelatin, rendering it insoluble, while unexposed portions could be washed away with warm water, leaving a relief image.

collophane, massive cryptocrystalline apatite, composing the bulk of fossil bone and phosphate rock, commonly carbonate-containing fluorapatite or fluorian hydroxylapatite. Hornlike concretions having a grayish-white, yellowish, or brown colour are common. For detailed physical properties, see

Guido Gozzano: …lifetime was I colloqui (1911; The Colloquies), which addresses the themes of youth, death, creative repression, nostalgia, regret, and contentment. It includes the poems “La signorina Felicita, ovvero, La Felicità” (“Miss Felicita, or, Felicity”), reminiscences of the poet’s visits with a simple middle-class girl, and “Totò Merùmeni,” a self-portrait of…

Erasmus: The Protestant challenge of Erasmus: …his views indirectly through the Colloquia, which had started as schoolboy dialogues but now became a vehicle for commentary. For example, in the colloquy Inquisitio de fide (1522) a Catholic finds to his surprise that Lutherans accept all the dogmas of the faith, that is, the articles of the Apostles’…

Guido Gozzano: …lifetime was I colloqui (1911; The Colloquies), which addresses the themes of youth, death, creative repression, nostalgia, regret, and contentment. It includes the poems “La signorina Felicita, ovvero, La Felicità” (“Miss Felicita, or, Felicity”), reminiscences of the poet’s visits with a simple middle-class girl, and “Totò Merùmeni,” a self-portrait of…

English literature: Late 10th- and 11th-century prose: His Latin Colloquy, supplied with an Old English version by an anonymous glossarist, gives a fascinating glimpse into the Anglo-Saxon monastic classroom. Aelfric wrote with lucidity and astonishing beauty, using the rhetorical devices of Latin literature frequently but without ostentation; his later alliterative prose, which loosely imitates…

Robert Lowell: Lord Weary’s Castle, first Pulitzer, and service as poet laureate: …during World War II, and “Colloquy in Black Rock,” celebrating the Feast of Corpus Christi. In 1947 Lowell was named poetry consultant to the U.S. Library of Congress (now poet laureate consultant in poetry), a position he held for one year.

The Interrogation of the Old Men, in Irish literature, the preeminent tale of the Old Irish Fenian cycle of heroic tales. The “old men” are the Fenian poets Oisín (Ossian) and Caoilte, who, having survived the destruction of their comrades at the Battle of Gabhra, return to Ireland from the

Fernando Collor de Mello is a Brazilian politician who served as president of Brazil (1990–92). Born into wealth, Collor de Mello became governor of the small state of Alagoas in 1987. Promising to promote economic growth and combat corruption and inefficiency, Collor de Mello defeated the leftist

Fernando Collor de Mello is a Brazilian politician who served as president of Brazil (1990–92). Born into wealth, Collor de Mello became governor of the small state of Alagoas in 1987. Promising to promote economic growth and combat corruption and inefficiency, Collor de Mello defeated the leftist

Jean-Marie Collot d’Herbois was a radical democrat and member of the Committee of Public Safety that ruled revolutionary France during the period of the Jacobin dictatorship (1793–94). The son of a Parisian goldsmith, Collot d’Herbois became a professional actor and a writer of comedies. In 1787 he

collotype, photomechanical printing process that gives accurate reproduction because no halftone screen is employed to break the images into dots. In the process, a plate (aluminum, glass, cellophane, etc.) is coated with a light-sensitive gelatin solution and exposed to light through a

collusion, secret agreement and cooperation between interested parties for a purpose that is fraudulent, deceitful, or illegal. An example of illegal collusion is a secret agreement between firms to fix prices. Such agreements may be reached in a completely informal fashion. Indeed, enforcing

collusion, secret agreement and cooperation between interested parties for a purpose that is fraudulent, deceitful, or illegal. An example of illegal collusion is a secret agreement between firms to fix prices. Such agreements may be reached in a completely informal fashion. Indeed, enforcing

Colluthus of Lycopolis was a Greek epic poet now represented by only one extant poem, The Rape of Helen (which was discovered in Calabria, Italy). The short poem (394 verses) is in imitation of Homer and Nonnus and tells the story of Paris and Helen from the wedding of Peleus and Thetis down to

colluvium, soil and debris that accumulate at the base of a slope by mass wasting or sheet erosion. It generally includes angular fragments, not sorted according to size, and may contain slabs of bedrock that dip back toward the slope, indicating both their place of origin and that slumping was the

John Skelton: …satires, Speke Parrot (written 1521), Collyn Clout (1522), and Why come ye nat to courte (1522), were all directed against the mounting power of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, both in church and in state, and the dangers—as Skelton saw them—of the new learning of the Humanists. Wolsey proved too strong an…

Saint Colman of Lindisfarne ; feast day, Scottish diocese of Argyll and the Isles February 18, elsewhere August 8) was an important prelate of the early Irish church and monastic founder who led the Celtic party at the crucial Synod of Whitby (663/664), held by the church of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom

John Glassco was a Canadian author whose poetry, short stories, novels, memoirs, and translations are notable for their versatility and sophistication. Glassco abandoned his studies at McGill University, Montreal, to join the expatriate community in Paris, an experience he chronicled in the

George Colman the Elder was a leading English comic dramatist of his day and an important theatre manager who sought to revive the vigour of Elizabethan drama with adaptations of plays by Beaumont and Fletcher and Ben Jonson. He was the son of Francis Colman, envoy to the grand duke of Tuscany.

George Colman, the Younger was an English playwright, writer of scurrilous satiric verse, and theatre manager whose comic operas, farces, melodramas, and sentimental comedies were box-office successes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Dr. Pangloss, the elderly pedant in The Heir at Law

Norman Jay Colman was a farm journalist who, as U.S. commissioner of agriculture, so enlarged the scope and activities of his bureau that it was elevated to the level of a cabinet post. After a short law career, Colman in 1852 moved to St. Louis, where he became editor-publisher of The Valley

Olivia Colman is a British actress who first garnered attention for her comedic work on television and who later had success in a series of dramatic roles in film and TV. She won numerous accolades, most notably an Academy Award for her performance in The Favourite (2018). Colman was born in

Ronald Colman was a Hollywood film actor whose screen image embodied the archetypal English gentleman. His elegant accent and polished demeanour gave voice to characters who were sophisticated yet graciously heroic, which contrasted with the rugged, action-oriented screen images of American-bred

Ronald Colman was a Hollywood film actor whose screen image embodied the archetypal English gentleman. His elegant accent and polished demeanour gave voice to characters who were sophisticated yet graciously heroic, which contrasted with the rugged, action-oriented screen images of American-bred

Samuel Colman was an American painter, whose landscapes of the early West remain popular. Colman was a pupil of Asher Durand in New York City and from 1860 to 1862 studied in Spain, Italy, France, and England. In 1871–76 he was again in Europe. With James D. Smillie, he founded the American Water

Colmar, town, Haut-Rhin département, Grand Est région, northeastern France. Colmar is located 42 miles (68 km) south-southwest of Strasbourg, 10 miles west of the Rhine River, bordering the German frontier and a few miles east of the foothills of the Vosges mountains. It is on the main railway from

Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar was a French mathematician. In 1820, while serving in the French army, he built his first arithmometer, which could perform basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The first mechanical calculator to gain widespread use, it became a commercial

Camilo José Cela: …second novel, La colmena (1951; The Hive), with its fragmented chronology and large cast of characters, is an innovative and perceptive story of postwar Madrid. It solidified Cela’s critical and popular reputation. Another of his better-known avant-garde novels, San Camilo, 1936 (1969), is one continuous stream of consciousness. His later…

artificial intelligence programming language: …en Logique) was conceived by Alain Colmerauer at the University of Aix-Marseille, France, where the language was first implemented in 1973. PROLOG was further developed by the logician Robert Kowalski, a member of the AI group at the University of Edinburgh. This language makes use of a powerful theorem-proving technique…

Alan Colmes was an American talk radio and television news commentator. Colmes came to national prominence in his role as cohost of the Fox News Channel’s political debate show Hannity & Colmes. He also hosted The Alan Colmes Show, a nationally syndicated late-night talk radio program on Fox News

Colchester: …trade in oysters from the River Colne also has a long history. Cloth making has declined, however. There is still some manufacturing—including electrical and high-technology equipment, printed materials, and machinery—but services, including tourism, now account for the bulk of the region’s economic activity. The borough has picturesque scenery, ranging from…

Colchester, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Essex, England. It occupies the northeastern part of the county on the River Colne. As Camulodunum, the town of Colchester was the capital of the pre-Roman Belgic ruler Cunobelinus and is so named on his coins. Although

Macau: …the islands of Taipa and Coloane, which are joined by an expanse of land that was reclaimed from the sea and is known as Cotai. Extending up a hillside is the city of Macau, which occupies almost the entire peninsula. The name Macau, or Macao (Pinyin: Aomen; Wade-Giles romanization: Ao-men),…

primate: Diet: …the whole of the subfamily Colobinae, including colobus monkeys and langurs, are by no means exclusively leaf eaters and according to season include flowers, fruit, and (in some cases) seeds in their diet. The howler monkeys of the New World have a similar dietary preference.

coloboma, failure of one or more structures in the eye to fuse during embryonic life, creating a congenital fissure in that eye. Frequently several structures are fissured: the choroid (the pigmented middle layer of the wall of the eye), the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue that lines

colobus, any of some dozen species of long-tailed tree-dwelling and generally gregarious monkeys native to eastern, central, and western Africa. Colobus monkeys are active during the day and are able to make long leaps between trees. The three genera of colobus are all more or less thumbless and

colobus: …the Abyssinian colobus, or mantled guereza (C. guereza), of the East African mountains, including Mount Kenya and Kilimanjaro. This colobus has a long beautiful veil of white hair along each flank and a long white brush on the tail. The pelts are valued by native populations as ornaments, and at…

taro, (Colocasia esculenta), herbaceous plant of the arum family (Araceae) and its edible rootlike corm. Taro is probably native to southeastern Asia, whence it spread to Pacific islands and became a staple crop. It is cultivated for its large, starchy, spherical corms (underground stems), commonly

eel: Annotated classification: Family Colocongridae (shorttail eels) 1 genus, Coloconger, with about 5 species. Marine; Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific oceans. Family Congridae (congers) 32 genera with about 160 species. All oceans to considerable depths. Family Muraenesocidae

colocynth, (Citrullus colocynthis), hairy-stemmed perennial vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to the Mediterranean region. The colocynth grows in sandy, coastal, or desert soils and commonly spreads vegetatively. The plant has small, pale greenish yellow flowers, forked tendrils, and

Cologne, fourth largest city in Germany and largest city of the Land (state) of North Rhine–Westphalia. One of the key inland ports of Europe, it is the historic, cultural, and economic capital of the Rhineland. Cologne’s commercial importance grew out of its position at the point where the huge

cologne, in perfumery, scented solution usually consisting of alcohol and about 2–6 percent perfume concentrate. Originally, eau de cologne was a mixture of citrus oils from such fruits as lemons and oranges, combined with such substances as lavender and neroli (orange-flower oil); toilet waters

Cologne Cathedral, Roman Catholic cathedral church, located in the city of Cologne, Germany. It is the largest Gothic church in northern Europe and features immense twin towers that stand 515 feet (157 metres) tall. The cathedral was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. The site of

history of Europe: The crisis in Germany: …1583–88 when the archbishop of Cologne declared himself a Protestant but refused to resign: in the end a coalition of Catholic princes, led by the duke of Bavaria, forced him out.

AG Cologne Zoological Garden, one of the major zoological gardens in Germany. Opened in 1860, the zoo occupies 20 hectares (49 acres) along the Rhine River in Cologne. About 6,000 specimens of 650 species are exhibited on its attractively kept grounds. The zoo specializes in primates and has an

University of Cologne, autonomous, state-supported coeducational institution of higher learning in Cologne, Ger., founded in 1388 as a municipal university. In spite of Protestant influences, the university became a centre of German Roman Catholicism. The University of Cologne was abolished by the

saury: …of the family include the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and the Atlantic saury (Scomberesox saurus), found in the Atlantic and the seas near Australia.

Guatemala: Guatemala in the 21st century: Álvaro Colom of the centre-left National Union for Hope won the 2007 elections, becoming the first leftist president since 1996. He promised to improve public education and health care in rural areas.

California Gold Rush: …along the American River in Coloma, California, approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of present-day Sacramento. On January 24 his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found flakes of gold in a streambed. Sutter and Marshall agreed to become partners and tried to keep their find a secret. News of the discovery,…

Coloman was the king of Hungary from 1095 who pursued expansionist policies and stabilized and improved the internal order of Hungary. Coloman was the natural son of King Géza I by a Greek concubine. King Ladislas (László), his uncle, would have made him a monk, but Coloman refused and eventually

Coloman was the king of Hungary from 1095 who pursued expansionist policies and stabilized and improved the internal order of Hungary. Coloman was the natural son of King Géza I by a Greek concubine. King Ladislas (László), his uncle, would have made him a monk, but Coloman refused and eventually

comic strip: The 19th century: Christophe (pseudonym of Georges Colomb) raised this type of popular imagery to the level of the intelligent urban child, first in the children’s periodical and then in various albums published separately. These were originally designed, like Töpffer’s, for the children of his own household and…

Philip Howard Colomb was a British naval officer and historian, noted for his innovative theories about sea power. Colomb entered the Royal Navy in 1846 at age 15 and served successively in the Mediterranean, China, Myanmar (Burma), and other areas. He invented a new and more efficient way of

Béchar, town, western Algeria. It lies in the northern reaches of the Sahara, 36 miles (58 km) south of the border with Morocco. The town is named for nearby Mount Béchar, rising to 1,600 feet (488 metres). Béchar’s former European quarter contains a military station and has modern buildings, while

Prosper Mérimée: …by his most famous novellas: Colomba (1840), the story of a young Corsican girl who forces her brother to commit murder for the sake of a vendetta, and Carmen (1845), in which an unfaithful gypsy girl is killed by a soldier who loves her. The latter story is internationally known…

pigeon: Homing pigeons (Colomba livia) possess a group of neurons that are used to help the birds process changes in the direction, intensity, and polarity of magnetic fields around them. The sensitivity of the pigeons to these physical properties allows them to determine their directional heading…

Limbourg brothers: …and completed about 1485 by Jean Colombe, is one of the landmarks of the art of book illumination. It did much to influence the course that Early Netherlandish art would take during the 15th century.

Michel Colombe was the last important Gothic sculptor in France. Little is known of his life, and none of his early works survives. His masterpiece is the tomb (1502–07) of Francis II of Brittany and his consort, Marguerite of Foix, in the Cathedral of Nantes. The general design of the tomb was the

Colombes, northwestern industrial suburb of Paris, Hauts-de-Seine département, Île-de-France région, France. It is known particularly for the Yves-du-Manoir sports stadium, built for the 1924 Olympic Games, which has 65,000 seats. Henrietta Maria of England died in 1669 on her estate outside the

Colombia, country of northwestern South America. Its 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of coast to the north are bathed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea, and its 800 miles (1,300 km) of coast to the west are washed by the Pacific Ocean. The country is bordered by Panama, which divides the two bodies of

horizontally striped yellow-blue-red national flag. Its width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.Local opposition to Spanish rule in what is now Colombia began on July 20, 1810, at Bogotá. Rebellion soon spread to Cartagena, the Cauca valley, and Antioquia. Each area proclaimed independence under a separate

history of Colombia, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Colombia from the time of European settlement. Located in northwestern South America, Colombia has coastline that is bathed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea to the north and washed by the Pacific Ocean to the west.

Gran Colombia, short-lived republic (1819–30), formerly the Viceroyalty of New Granada, including roughly the modern nations of Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador. In the context of their war for independence from Spain, revolutionary forces in northern South America led by Simón Bolívar laid

Colombia, country of northwestern South America. Its 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of coast to the north are bathed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea, and its 800 miles (1,300 km) of coast to the west are washed by the Pacific Ocean. The country is bordered by Panama, which divides the two bodies of

Colombia, country of northwestern South America. Its 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of coast to the north are bathed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea, and its 800 miles (1,300 km) of coast to the west are washed by the Pacific Ocean. The country is bordered by Panama, which divides the two bodies of

Colombian Abyssal Plain, submarine plain forming part of the floor of the south-central Caribbean Sea, and the deepest and flattest portion of the Colombian Basin. It rises to the southeast to form the Caribbean coast of Colombia, joins the Clark Basin and Central America’s part of the continental

Andes Mountains: Physiography of the Northern Andes: …which is the most important Colombian physiographic complex and the source of many of the country’s rivers.

Caribbean Sea: Physiography: …the Cayman Basin from the Colombian Basin. The Colombian Basin is partly separated from the Venezuelan Basin by the Beata Ridge. The basins are connected by the submerged Aruba Gap at depths greater than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres). The Aves Ridge, incomplete at its southern extremity, separates the Venezuelan Basin…

FARC: …the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party (Partido Comunista de Colombia; PCC), the FARC is the largest of Colombia’s rebel groups, estimated to possess some 10,000 armed soldiers and thousands of supporters, largely drawn from Colombia’s rural areas. The FARC supports a redistribution of wealth from the wealthy to…

Colombia: Colombia in the 21st century: …Change with 16 seats, the Colombian Conservative Party with 15, and the Colombian Liberal Party and the Social Party of National Unity with 14 each. The Colombian Liberal Party finished first with 35 seats in the 172-seat House, ahead of DC, which won 32 seats, Radical Change with 30 seats,…

Andes Mountains: Physiography of the Northern Andes: …which is the most important Colombian physiographic complex and the source of many of the country’s rivers.

Colombia: The era of the Liberals, 1930–46: …in legislation to create the Colombian Institute of Agrarian Reform. By the mid-1970s more than 135,000 land titles had been distributed by the institute.)

Magnoliales: Timber: Guatteria boyacana (solera, or Colombian lancewood) has most of the same properties and uses, though it is not as well known in the timber trade. Enantia chlorantha (African whitewood), a yellowwood from Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Cameroon, produces a sulfurous yellow dye; the wood also is used…

Colombia: Colombia in the 21st century: …Party with 15, and the Colombian Liberal Party and the Social Party of National Unity with 14 each. The Colombian Liberal Party finished first with 35 seats in the 172-seat House, ahead of DC, which won 32 seats, Radical Change with 30 seats, the Social Party of National Unity with…

FARC, Marxist guerrilla organization in Colombia. Formed in 1964 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party (Partido Comunista de Colombia; PCC), the FARC is the largest of Colombia’s rebel groups, estimated to possess some 10,000 armed soldiers and thousands of supporters, largely drawn

Zoe Saldaña: …the thrillers The Losers (2010), Colombiana (2011), and Out of the Furnace (2013), among others. She played Rosemary in the 2014 TV miniseries adaptation of Ira Levin’s suspense novel Rosemary’s Baby and controversially portrayed singer Nina Simone in the badly received biopic Nina (2016). Her other credits during this time…

Philip II: Territorial expansion: Finally, by the Treaty of Azay-le-Rideau, or of Colombières (July 4, 1189), Henry was forced to renew his own homage, to confirm the cession of Issoudun, with Graçay also, to Philip, and to renounce his claim to suzerainty over Auvergne. Henry died two days later.

Columbine, stock theatrical character that originated about 1530 in Italian commedia dell’arte as a saucy and adroit servant girl; her Italian name means “Little Dove.” Her costume included a cap and apron but seldom a commedia mask, and she usually spoke in the Tuscan dialect. In French theatre

Spanish literature: Novecentismo: Among women writers, Carmen de Burgos Seguí (pseudonym Colombine) wrote hundreds of articles, more than 50 short stories, some dozen long novels and numerous short ones, many practical books for women, and socially oriented treatises on subjects such as divorce. An active suffragist and opponent of the death…

Colombo, city, executive and judicial capital of Sri Lanka. (Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, a Colombo suburb, is the legislative capital.) Situated on the west coast of the island, just south of the Kelani River, Colombo is a principal port on the Indian Ocean. It has one of the largest artificial

Colombo crime family, New York-based organized crime syndicate. Along with the Gambino, Genovese, Lucchese, and Bonanno families, the Colombo family is one of New York City’s Five Families, prominent criminal organizations that share the territory. The Five Families comprise an important segment of

Sri Lanka: Settlement patterns: The Colombo Metropolitan Region dominates the settlement system of Sri Lanka. It includes the legislative capital, Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte. It is also the foremost administrative, commercial, and industrial area and the hub of the transport network of Sri Lanka. Urban settlements outside this area are much…

Colombo Plan, arrangement for discussing economic development plans and facilitating technical and financial assistance for development projects in south and southeast Asia. It was established at Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), in 1950 as a result of discussions by the governments of India,

Colombo Plan, arrangement for discussing economic development plans and facilitating technical and financial assistance for development projects in south and southeast Asia. It was established at Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), in 1950 as a result of discussions by the governments of India,

Bartholomew Columbus was an Italian explorer, brother of Christopher Columbus, accomplished cartographer and cosmographer, and probably collaborator on his brother’s project to sail around the world. In 1484, according to tradition, he visited Henry VII of England and gave him a map of the world,

Christopher Columbus was a master navigator and admiral whose four transatlantic voyages (1492–93, 1493–96, 1498–1500, and 1502–04) opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas. He has long been called the “discoverer” of the New World, although Vikings

Joseph Colombo was a major organized crime boss in Brooklyn who founded an Italian-American Civil Rights League to deflect government investigations of his activities. Brooklyn-born, Colombo was still a teenager when his father, Anthony, was killed in 1938 in a gangland war. After service in the

Joseph Colombo was a major organized crime boss in Brooklyn who founded an Italian-American Civil Rights League to deflect government investigations of his activities. Brooklyn-born, Colombo was still a teenager when his father, Anthony, was killed in 1938 in a gangland war. After service in the

Matteo Realdo Colombo was an Italian anatomist and surgeon who anticipated the English anatomist William Harvey, the discoverer of general human blood circulation, in clearly describing the pulmonary circulation, or passage of blood between the heart and the lungs. At the University of Padua

Augusto Pinochet: …brought to light details of Operation Colombo, in which more than 100 Chilean leftists disappeared in 1975, and Operation Condor, in which several South American military governments coordinated their efforts to systematically eliminate opponents in the 1970s and ’80s. In January 2000 Pinochet was allowed to return home after a…

Blood, Sweat & Tears: May 9, 1945, Brooklyn), Bobby Colomby (b. December 20, 1944, New York City), Jim Fielder (b. October 4, 1947, Denton, Texas), Jerry Weiss (b. May 1, 1946, New York City), Fred Lipsius (b. November 19, 1943, Bronx, New York), Dick Halligan (b. August 29, 1943, Troy, New York), and…

water rat: Natural history: …aggressive underwater predators, but the African water rat (Colomys goslingi) wades through shallow water or sits at the water’s edge with its muzzle submerged; it is reported to eat some terrestrial insects and snails. Although most water rats are nocturnal, some species are active during the day.

Joseph Dennie was an essayist and editor who was a major literary figure in the United States in the early 19th century. Dennie graduated from Harvard College in 1790 and spent three years as a law clerk before being admitted to the bar in 1794. His practice failed to flourish, however, and in the

Algeria: Colonial rule: …ever-growing French settler population (the colons, also known as pieds noirs) demanded the privileges of a ruling minority in the name of French democracy. When Algeria eventually became a part of France juridically, that only added to the power of the colons, who sent delegates to the French parliament. They…

Colón, city, west-central Cuba. It is situated on an inland plain where sugarcane, fruits, and tobacco are grown and poultry and cattle are raised. The area also yields honey. Colón processes the farm products and has tobacco factories and a fruit-dehydration plant. The city lies on the country’s

Colón, city and port, north-central Panama. Founded in 1850 at the Atlantic (northern) terminus of the original Panama Railroad (now the Panama Canal Railway), the settlement was first called Aspinwall, named for one of the builders of the railway. Colón is the Spanish form of Columbus; the name of