love: Psychological theories of love: …1970s, is known as the color wheel model. Created by the Canadian psychologist John Lee, the theory is based on an analogy with the set of primary and secondary colors and draws upon ancient Greek terms for various forms or aspects of love. The three “primary” styles of love in…

color-field painting, with Action painting, one of two major strains of the 20th-century art movement known as Abstract Expressionism or the New York school. The term typically describes large-scale canvases dominated by flat expanses of color and having a minimum of surface detail. Color-field

Colorado, constituent state of the United States of America. It is classified as one of the Mountain states, although only about half of its area lies in the Rocky Mountains. It borders Wyoming and Nebraska to the north, Nebraska and Kansas to the east, Oklahoma and New Mexico to the south, and

Tsáchila, Indian people of the Pacific coast of Ecuador. They live in the tropical lowlands of the northwest, where, along with the neighbouring Chachi, they are the last remaining aboriginal group. The Tsáchila are linguistically related to the Chachi, although their Chibchan languages are

Colorado Avalanche, American professional ice hockey team based in Denver that plays in the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Avalanche have won three Stanley Cup championships (1996, 2001, and 2022). The franchise was originally based in Quebec, Canada, and was known as

Christopher Wheeldon: He created pieces for the Colorado Ballet and Boston Ballet, and in late 1999 it was announced that Wheeldon had been appointed Boston Ballet’s principal guest choreographer. He also supplied some of the original choreography for the motion pictures Center Stage (2000), Ballets russes (2005), and The Sleeping Beauty (2008).

Yuma, city, seat (1871) of Yuma county, southwestern Arizona, U.S. It is situated on the Colorado River at the mouth of the Gila River, just north of the Mexican frontier. Founded in 1854 as Colorado City, it was renamed Arizona City (1862) and Yuma (1873), probably from the Spanish word humo,

Colorado College, private liberal-arts college in Colorado Springs, Colo., founded in 1874. It offers a range of traditional and interdisciplinary programs leading to the bachelor’s degree. Special programs include American ethnic studies, Southwest studies, environmental studies, and

Colorado Desert, part of the Sonoran Desert, extending southeastward for 164 miles (264 km) from the San Gorgonio Pass in southeastern California, U.S., to the Colorado River delta in northern Mexico. A low-lying arid region, it is bounded by the Pacific coastal ranges (west), the San Bernardino,

Ludlow Massacre: …the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel and Iron Company guards at Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914, resulting in the deaths of 25 people, including 11 children.

Colorado: Education: Colorado Mesa University (1925), in Grand Junction, serves the westernmost part of the state. Another public institution, Fort Lewis College (1964), in Durango, grew from an Indian school founded in 1911 into a liberal arts college whose mission includes providing tuition-free education for Native Americans.

Colorado National Monument, scenic wilderness area in west-central Colorado, U.S., just west of the city of Grand Junction; the Colorado River parallels the eastern boundary of the monument. Established in 1911, it occupies an area of 32 square miles (83 square km). Situated on the Uncompahgre

Horacio Cartes: …to enter politics, joining the Colorado Party in 2009 and mounting his own movement within it, though theretofore he had never even voted. When the party, impressed by Cartes’s business acumen, dropped its requirement that an individual be a member of the party for 10 years before becoming a presidential…

José Batlle y Ordóñez: Shortly thereafter he joined the Colorado Party, one of the two ruling political parties of Uruguay, and in 1890 he started work to transform his party into a nationwide democratic political organization. He was elected to the Uruguayan Chamber of Deputies in 1893 and to the Senate for Montevideo in…

Colorado: Relief and drainage: …miles (440 km) long, the Colorado Piedmont is a picturesque hilly to mountainous landscape sandwiched between the plains and the mountains. It encompasses all the state’s large urban complexes, its major transport arteries, most of its industry, most of its major colleges and universities, and four-fifths of its people. The…

Colorado Plateau, a physiographic province of the Intermontane Plateaus region, extending across the southwestern United States and covering the southeastern half of Utah, extreme western and southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and the northern half of Arizona. The province, which

Colorado Plateau, a physiographic province of the Intermontane Plateaus region, extending across the southwestern United States and covering the southeastern half of Utah, extreme western and southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and the northern half of Arizona. The province, which

Colorado potato beetle, (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), species of leaf beetle that is an economically important pest of potato plants. It is native to western North America and originally fed on buffalo bur, a wild plant of the potato family abundant in the Rocky Mountain region. It began feeding on

Rocky Mountains: Water resources: …these projects is in the Colorado Rockies, where a complex network of reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines diverts water from the western slope of the Front Range to the large urban area centred on Denver along the eastern slope. This scheme, opposed by residents of the range’s western slope, is the…

Major League Soccer: Western Conference: Colorado Rapids (based near Denver in Commerce City, Colorado), FC Dallas, Houston Dynamo, Los Angeles Galaxy, Los Angeles FC, Minnesota United FC, Portland Timbers, Real Salt Lake, San Jose Earthquakes, Seattle Sounders FC,

Colorado River, river rising in western Texas, U.S., on the Llano Estacado (“Staked Plain”) in Dawson county, northeast of Lamesa. It flows generally southeastward past Colorado City, through rolling prairie and rugged hill and canyon country. By means of the Highland Lakes, six

Colorado River, river in south-central Argentina. Its major headstreams, the Grande and Barrancas rivers, flow southward from the eastern flanks of the Andes and meet north of Buta Ranquil to form the Colorado. The river flows generally east-southeastward across the arid terrain of northern

Colorado River, major river of North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, U.S., and flowing generally west and south for 1,450 miles (2,330 kilometres) into the Gulf of California in northwestern Mexico. Its drainage basin covers 246,000 square miles (637,000 square kilometres) and

California: Drainage: The Colorado River Aqueduct at the Arizona border carries water from that river across the southern California desert and mountains to serve the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The California State Water Project, launched in 1960, is the largest water-transfer system ever undertaken. It is designed to…

Phoenix: Postwar growth: …project, and in 1968 the Colorado River Basin Project Act was passed. The act authorized the CAP, which involved constructing a series of dams along with a canal that would divert water from the Colorado River to be used by many communities, including Phoenix and Tucson.

Colorado River: Economic development: In 1922 the Colorado River Compact was concluded by the seven states that constitute its drainage area to facilitate federal investment in dams and reclamation. The river was divided at Lees Ferry, Ariz., into the lower compact states—Arizona, Nevada, and California—and the upper compact states—Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and…

squawfish: The largest species, the Colorado River squawfish, or white salmon (P. lucius), may grow to about 1.5 metres (5 feet) with a reported weight of about 36 kilograms (79 pounds); because of changes in its habitat, this species has declined significantly and is considered endangered.

toad: The poisons of the Colorado River toad (B. alvarius) and the giant toad (B. marinus, also called the cane toad) affect animals as large as dogs, in some instances causing temporary paralysis or even death. The Chinese have long used dried toad poison to treat various ailments. Contrary to…

Colorado Rockies, American professional baseball team based in Denver that plays in the National League (NL). The Rockies have never won a division title, but they advanced to the 2007 World Series after gaining a playoff berth as the NL Wild Card entrant (as owner of the best record for a

New Jersey Devils, American professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey. The Devils play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise found little success until the 1990s, when it established itself as one of the NHL’s most

Colorado School of Mines, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Golden, Colorado, U.S. It is an applied-science and engineering college with a curriculum that covers such subjects as geology, environmental science, metallurgical and materials engineering, chemistry, mining,

University of Denver, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Denver, Colorado, U.S. Though the university is supported by the United Methodist Church, it maintains a nonsectarian approach to education. It is known for its business school and international studies program, and it

baseball: Women in baseball: Beginning in 1994, the Colorado Silver Bullets, sponsored by a brewing company and managed by Hall of Fame pitcher Phil Niekro, competed against men’s teams for four years. Between 1997 and 2000 Ila Borders, a left-handed pitcher, played for two men’s teams in the independent Northern League. While women…

Daniel Guggenheim: …a trust known as the Colorado Smelting and Refining Company. The trust acquired control of the American Smelting and Refining Company in 1901 and became the dominant force in the mining industry for the next three decades. Directing the trust until 1919 and exercising a dominant influence on it in…

Colorado Springs, city, seat (1873) of El Paso county, central Colorado, U.S. It stands on a mesa (6,008 feet [1,831 metres]) near the eastern base of Pikes Peak, east of Pike National Forest. Founded in 1871 as Fountain Colony by Gen. William J. Palmer, builder of the Denver and Rio Grande Western

spruce: Major species: The blue spruce, or Colorado spruce (P. pungens), has a similar range and is used as an ornamental because of its bluish leaves and symmetrical growth habit. The Norway spruce (P. abies), an important timber and ornamental tree native to northern Europe, is used in reforestation…

University of Northern Colorado, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Greeley, Colorado, U.S. It includes colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, Education, Health and Human Sciences, and Performing and Visual Arts. The university’s graduate school offers more

Western Colorado University, public coeducational institution of higher learning in Gunnison, Colorado, U.S. A liberal arts university, Western Colorado offers bachelor’s and master’s degree programs. The university provides a general education program that includes requirements in basic skills and

University of Northern Colorado, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Greeley, Colorado, U.S. It includes colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, Education, Health and Human Sciences, and Performing and Visual Arts. The university’s graduate school offers more

Colorado State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S. It is a land-grant university and a part of Colorado’s state university system. Colorado State consists of the colleges of Agricultural Sciences, Applied Human Sciences, Business,

Colorado tick fever, acute febrile viral infection usually transmitted to humans by the bite of the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni).. Colorado tick fever is relatively rare; between 2003 and 2022, just 223 cases were reported in the United States. The causative virus is known as

U.S. state flag consisting of horizontal blue-white-blue stripes and a red C surrounding a yellow (gold) disk.Like many of the Western states, Colorado has an easily recognizable design for its flag. The red C stands for the name of the state—recalling the Spanish word colorado (“red”), the origin

University of Colorado, public, coeducational state university system with a main campus in Boulder, Colorado, U.S., and branches in Colorado Springs and Denver. The Health Sciences Center is also in Denver. All branches offer both undergraduate and graduate (including doctoral) degree programs.

Colorado River: Economic development: In 1945 the Colorado–Big Thompson Project, the first federal interbasin water-diversion project in the United States, was completed. Water was diverted by tunnel beneath the Continental Divide in Rocky Mountain National Park to help irrigate cropland in northern Colorado. Another large project, the Fryingpan-Arkansas, diverts water from Fryingpan…

coloration, in biology, the general appearance of an organism as determined by the quality and quantity of light that is reflected or emitted from its surfaces. Coloration depends upon several factors: the colour and distribution of the organism’s biochromes (pigments), particularly the relative

musical notation: Mensural notation: …mensural notation evolved, another device, coloration, came into use. If a composer wished to render a potentially perfect note imperfect, he could write it in red or as a hollow note (as , 𝅆, 𝆹); these two devices had, however, various other, less common meanings. About 1400, hollow note shapes…

coloration: Short-term changes: Most rapid colour changes are chromatophoric ones that alter the colour of the organism through the dispersion or concentration of biochromes. Emotion plays a role in such changes among some cephalopods, fishes, and horned lizards (Phrynosoma). When excited, certain fishes and horned lizards undergo a transient blanching…

speech: Voice types: …the extra high and light coloratura soprano. The dramatic voices employed in the Wagnerian operas represent intermediate forms between a male tenor (or high baritone) and a heroically masculine body type. The female dramatic soprano is usually heavily built; her strong mezzo-soprano voice can produce the high soprano tones.

colorectal cancer, disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells within the large intestine (colon) or rectum (terminal portion of the large intestine). Colon cancer (or bowel cancer) and rectal cancer are sometimes referred to separately. Colorectal cancer develops slowly but can spread to

Pauline Hopkins: …and biographical articles for the Colored American Magazine, of which she was women’s editor and literary editor from approximately 1900 to 1904.

baseball: Segregation: A League of Colored Base Ball Clubs, organized in 1887 in cities of the Northeast and border states, was recognized as a legitimate minor league under organized baseball’s National Agreement and raised hopes of sending Black players to big league teams. The league’s first games, however,…

Cumberland Presbyterian Church: This group, now called the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America, in 1996 reported more than 15,000 members and about 150 congregations and is headquartered in Huntsville, Ala.

Farmers’ Alliance: …the Southern Alliance, formed the Colored Farmers’ National Alliance and Cooperative Union (also called the Colored Farmers’ Alliance). This organization had many of the same goals as its white counterpart.

Myrtilla Miner: …Teachers College to form the District of Columbia Teachers College.

Grambling State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Grambling, Louisiana, U.S. A historically African-American university, it comprises colleges of basic studies, business, education, liberal arts, and science and technology and the Earl Lester Cole Honors College.

Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA), the oldest African American athletic conference in the United States. Originally named the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the CIAA was formed in 1912 to link and regulate sports competitions between historically African American

Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, Black Methodist church in the United States. Founded in 1870 by 41 formerly enslaved African Americans as the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, it officially adopted its present name in 1956. The church originated from a movement begun in 1866 within the

South Carolina State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Orangeburg, South Carolina, U.S. A Historically Black College and University (HBCU), South Carolina State offers numerous bachelor’s degree programs through schools of Applied Professional Sciences, Arts and

Fanny Jackson Coppin: …as head principal of the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia included a practice-teaching system and an elaborate industrial-training department.

colorimetry, measurement of the wavelength and the intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible region of the spectrum. It is used extensively for identification and determination of concentrations of substances that absorb light. Two fundamental laws are applied: that of a French

Haruki Murakami: Works: …no junrei no toshi (2013; Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage) delves into a young man’s existential quandaries, precipitated by his ejection from a circle of friends.

Himalayan, breed of domestic cat with the colouring of the Siamese and the build and coat of the longhair, or Persian. The Himalayan is produced by matings between Siamese and longhairs followed by selected breeding of the offspring to bring out the proper colouring, coat, and build. A good

Don Cheadle: …leader in the police thriller Colors (1988), directed by Dennis Hopper. Cheadle was cast in the short-lived sitcom The Golden Palace (1992–93), and from 1993 to 1995 he played an earnest district attorney on Picket Fences. He first gained widespread critical notice for his performance as the violent Mouse, a…

Beck: …with producer Greg Kurstin on Colors (2017), a bright collection of several types of pop music. For Hyperspace (2019) Beck collaborated with various musicians, especially Pharrell Williams.

James Colosimo was a crime czar in Chicago from about 1902 until his death, owner of plush brothels, saloons, and a nightclub. Immigrating from Italy in 1895, he rose from poverty through petty crime and pimping to head a chain of brothels. In 1909 he imported Johnny Torrio from New York to head

Anne Hathaway: The Dark Knight Rises, Les Misérables, and Interstellar: …gigantic beast in the comedy Colossal. She garnered enthusiastic reviews for her performance as a self-absorbed actress in Ocean’s 8 (2018), a female-driven reboot of the Ocean’s Eleven franchise from the earlier 2000s. Her credits from 2019 included Serenity, a thriller in which her character solicits her ex-husband (Matthew McConaughey)…

electronic game: Interactive fiction: …the 1970s was Will Crowther’s Colossal Cave Adventure, probably completed in 1977. Text-based games of its ilk have since been known commonly as electronic adventure games. Crowther combined his experiences exploring Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave system and playing Dungeons & Dragons-style role-playing games with fantasy themes reminiscent of J.R.R.

pre-Columbian civilizations: The rise of Olmec civilization: Most striking are the “colossal heads,” human portraits on a stupendous scale. Several of these are now known from San Lorenzo, the largest of which is nine feet (more than 2.5 metres) high. The visages are flat-faced, with thickened lips and staring eyes. Each has a headgear resembling a…

colossal order, architectural order extending beyond one interior story, often extending through several stories. Though giant columns were used in antiquity, they were first applied to building facades in Renaissance Italy. Any of the orders (the major types being Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian,

colossal squid, (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni), a massive, elusive cephalopod species inhabiting cold, deep regions of the Southern Ocean at depths ranging from 20 to 2,000 meters (66 to 6,562 feet). Biologists consider the colossal squid either the largest or second largest invertebrate in the

Colosseum, giant amphitheater built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. Construction of the Colosseum was begun sometime between 70 and 72 ce during the reign of Vespasian. It is located just east of the Palatine Hill, on the grounds of what was Nero’s Golden House. The artificial lake that was the

Egyptian art and architecture: Funerary temples: …two huge quartzite statues, the Colossi of Memnon. These and other royal sculptures found in the ruins of the temple’s courts and halls testify to the magnificence now lost. Its design, as well as much of its stone, was used by Ramses II for his own funerary temple, the Ramesseum.…

Letter of Paul to the Colossians, twelfth book of the New Testament, addressed to Christians at Colossae, Asia Minor, whose congregation was founded by St. Paul the Apostle’s colleague Epaphras. The developed theology of the letter, many believe, indicates that it was either composed by Paul in

Letter of Paul to the Colossians, twelfth book of the New Testament, addressed to Christians at Colossae, Asia Minor, whose congregation was founded by St. Paul the Apostle’s colleague Epaphras. The developed theology of the letter, many believe, indicates that it was either composed by Paul in

Vegetarian Piranhas: One large characin, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), has developed nasal flaps on the upper part of the snout to help it smell fruit. The tambaqui is an important food fish for peoples of the Amazon and can weigh up to 30 kg (66 pounds). It uses horselike molars and…

colossus, statue that is considerably larger than life-size. They are known from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, and Japan. The Egyptian sphinx (c. 2550 bc) that survives at al-Jīzah, for example, is 240 feet (73 m) long; and the Daibutsu (Great Buddha; ad 1252) at Kamakura, Japan, is 37

Colossus, the first large-scale electronic computer, which went into operation in 1944 at Britain’s wartime code-breaking headquarters at Bletchley Park. During World War II the British intercepted two very different types of encrypted German military transmissions: Enigma, broadcast in Morse code,

Colson Whitehead: …has also published nonfiction, notably The Colossus of New York (2003), a collection of essays about New York City, and The Noble Hustle: Poker, Beef Jerky, and Death (2014), a humorous dive into the 2011 World Series of Poker in Las Vegas, in which Whitehead competed despite never before having…

frog and toad: Breeding behaviour: …of the Central American dendrobatid Colostethus inguinalis have calling sites on boulders in streams. The intrusion by another male results in the resident uttering a territorial call, and, if the intruder does not leave, the resident charges him, attempting to butt him off the boulder. Females of the Venezuelan C.…

frog and toad: Breeding behaviour: Females of the Venezuelan C. trinitatus wrestle in defense of territories in streambeds.

colostomy, the surgical formation of an artificial anus by making an opening from the colon through the abdominal wall. A colostomy may be performed in order to decompress an obstructed colon; to divert the fecal stream after traumatic injury or when resectioning an inflammatory, obstructive, or

pregnancy: Breasts: …of pregnancy a milky fluid, colostrum, exudes from the ducts or can be expressed from them.

Epicureanism: The Epicurean school: …both, however, were Metrodorus and Colotes, against whom a small work by Plutarch was directed. Among the Epicureans of the 2nd century bce, mention must be made of Demetrius of Lacon, of whose works some fragments remain, and Apollodorus, who wrote more than 400 books. Much was also written by…

colotomic structure, in music, use of specified instruments to mark off established time intervals. In the tuned percussion ensembles (gamelan) of Java and Bali, for instance, a musical unit of 16 measures may be marked by four instruments: a small gong striking once every odd-numbered measure; a

colour, the aspect of any object that may be described in terms of hue, lightness, and saturation. In physics, colour is associated specifically with electromagnetic radiation of a certain range of wavelengths visible to the human eye. Radiation of such wavelengths constitutes that portion of the

meson: …take on one of three “colours.” Studies of the competing decay modes of K-mesons, which occur via the weak force, have led to a better understanding of parity (the property of an elementary particle or physical system that indicates whether its mirror image occurs in nature) and its nonconservation in…

Patrick Anderson: …Centre (1946) were followed by The Colour as Naked (1953), which drew upon his Canadian experiences as well as life in Malaya (1950–52) and England. (He lived his later life in both Canada and England.) Search Me (1957) is autobiographical, and Over the Alps: Reflections on Travel and Travel Writing…

colour: Colour atlases: Calculating chromaticity and luminance is a scientific method of determining a colour, but, for the rapid visual determination of the colour of objects, a colour atlas such as the Munsell Book of Color is often used. In this system colours are matched to…

Southern Africa: The impact of migrant labour: Whites demanded a “colour bar” to protect their access to certain jobs. Initially formulated to reconcile white workers to Milner’s decision to import Chinese labour, the colour bar was formally established in South Africa under the Mines and Works Act of 1911 and its amendment in 1926. At…

colour blindness, inability to distinguish one or more of the three colours red, green, and blue. Most people with colour vision problems have a weak colour-sensing system rather than a frank loss of colour sensation. In the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue that lines the back and sides

colour centre, defect in the regular spacing of atoms within a solid that absorbs visible light of a particular colour or infrared or ultraviolet radiation, thus lending a characteristic colour to the solid. Each colour centre involves the absence of an atom from the place it would normally occupy

coloration: Short-term changes: Most rapid colour changes are chromatophoric ones that alter the colour of the organism through the dispersion or concentration of biochromes. Emotion plays a role in such changes among some cephalopods, fishes, and horned lizards (Phrynosoma). When excited, certain fishes and horned lizards undergo a transient blanching…

fundamental force: …they carry what is called “colour” charge, a property analogous to electric charge. Gluons are able to interact together because of colour charge, which at the same time limits their effective range.

television: Generating the colour picture signal: …the colour camera is the colour coder, which converts the primary-colour signals into the luminance and chrominance signals. The luminance signal is formed simply by applying the primary-colour signals to an electronic addition circuit, or adder, that adds the values of all three signals at each point along their respective…

colour: Colour effects: …are perceived, a phenomenon called colour constancy.

optics: Filters and thin films: A colour filter is a sheet of transparent material that modifies a light beam by selective absorption of some colours in relation to others. A neutral filter absorbs all wavelengths equally and merely serves to reduce the intensity of a beam of light without changing its…

colour index, in astronomy, the difference between two measurements of the magnitude (brightness on a logarithmic scale) of a star made at different wavelengths, the value found at the longer wavelength being subtracted from that found at the shorter. Usually the two wavelengths are the blue (B)

dye: Classifications of dyes: …application, and colour in the Colour Index (C.I.), which is edited by the Society of Dyers and Colourists and by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. The third edition of the index lists more than 8,000 colorants used on a large scale for fibres, plastics, printing inks, paints,…

colour index, in igneous petrology, the sum of the volume percentages of the coloured, or dark, minerals contained by the rock. Volume percentages, accurate to within 1 percent, can be estimated under the microscope by using a point-counting technique over a plane section of the rock; volumes also

oleograph, colour lithograph produced by preparing a separate stone by hand for each colour to be used and printing one colour in register over another. The term is most often used in reference to commercial prints. Sometimes as many as 30 stones were used for a single print. The technique was