pipeline: Capsule pipelines: …the United States established a Capsule Pipeline Research Center at the University of Missouri in Columbia, jointly funded by industry and government.

tusk shell: …head with slender tentacles, the captacula, that serve as sensory and food-catching organs. The anterior end is usually buried in the sea bottom. The posterior end admits water for respiration and discharges wastes. Tusk shells feed upon such small organisms as protozoans of the order Forminifera and young bivalves. Sexes…

tusk shell: …head with slender tentacles, the captacula, that serve as sensory and food-catching organs. The anterior end is usually buried in the sea bottom. The posterior end admits water for respiration and discharges wastes. Tusk shells feed upon such small organisms as protozoans of the order Forminifera and young bivalves. Sexes…

captain, a rank in the military and maritime service, and the highest-ranking company officer. In most armies and in some air forces, a captain is the commander of the largest group of soldiers that an officer can be expected to know personally—a company in the infantry, a battery in the artillery,

captain: …or aircraft carrier in the navy and any sizable ship in the mercantile marine service. In the British and U.S. navies the rank corresponds to the army rank of colonel, as does group captain in the Royal Air Force. An officer of lower rank is customarily given the courtesy title…

captain: In most armies and in some air forces, a captain is the commander of the largest group of soldiers that an officer can be expected to know personally—a company in the infantry, a battery in the artillery, a flight in the air force.

Captain & Tennille, American pop music duo comprising the husband-and-wife team of Daryl Dragon and Toni Tennille. Captain & Tennille rose to the top of the pop charts in the mid-1970s with their upbeat rendition of Neil Sedaka’s “Love Will Keep Us Together.” As the top-selling single of 1975, the

Captain America, comic-strip superhero created by writer Joe Simon and artist Jack Kirby for Timely (later Marvel) Comics. The character debuted in March 1941 in Captain America Comics no. 1. Simon and Kirby created Steve Rogers, a would-be army enlistee rejected by recruiters because of his small

Harrison Ford: …into the Red Hulk, in Captain America: Brave New World.

Ant-Man and the Wasp: …turn in the climax of Captain America: Civil War (2016), and Ant-Man’s sequel, Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), also received favourable reviews. That film was praised for expanding the role of its female protagonist, Hope van Dyne (played by Evangeline Lilly), the daughter of Pym and Janet van Dyne, to…

Captain America: The modern era: Director Joe Johnston’s Captain America: The First Avenger (2011) marked the character’s first appearance on the big screen in almost 70 years. Chris Evans played the star-spangled hero in a film that expanded on Marvel’s cinematic universe in a manner that delighted both comics fans and critics. Evans…

Captain America: The modern era: …America in The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). The made-for-television miniseries The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021) saw the mantle of Captain America passed to Sam Wilson (played by

Captain Beefheart was an innovative American avant-garde rock and blues singer, songwriter, and instrumentalist. Performing with the shifting lineup of musicians known as His Magic Band, Captain Beefheart produced a series of albums from the 1960s to the ’80s that had limited commercial appeal but

Olivia de Havilland: …the 1930s and ’40s, including Captain Blood (1935), The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936), The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), and They Died with Their Boots On (1941). She also played romantic leading roles in Strawberry Blonde (1941), Hold Back the Dawn (1941), and The Male Animal (1942) and

George Bernard Shaw: First plays: The third play, Captain Brassbound’s Conversion (performed 1900), is a sermon against various kinds of folly masquerading as duty and justice.

Roger Staubach is an American collegiate and professional gridiron football quarterback who was an important factor in the establishment of the National Football League (NFL) Dallas Cowboys as a dominant team in the 1970s. Staubach played college football at the U.S. Naval Academy (1962–65), where

Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, historical romance and war novel written by British author Louis de Bernières and published in 1994. It received the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize in 1995 and became an international best seller. De Bernières has often been compared to Gabriel García Márquez because his

Lloyd Bacon: Later years of Lloyd Bacon: Captain Eddie (1945) was another biopic, this time about the life of World War I ace Eddie Rickenbacker (Fred MacMurray). In 1946 Bacon directed Home Sweet Homicide, which managed to be a murder mystery and a comedy and a romance, and Wake Up and Dream,…

Viggo Mortensen: …the bonds of society in Captain Fantastic (2016), Mortensen was again nominated for an Oscar, and he received his third nomination for his role as an Italian American bouncer hired as a driver for an African American classical pianist (Mahershala Ali) in Green Book (2018). Mortensen wrote, directed, and starred…

Milwaukee: The contemporary city: The Captain Frederick Pabst Mansion (1892), a 37-room home built by one of the city’s early major brewers, offers tours.

Cornelia Otis Skinner: …in writing her first play, Captain Fury (1925). During the 1930s she wrote and staged her own monodramas, including The Loves of Charles II, The Empress Eugénie, The Mansions on the Hudson, and The Wives of Henry VIII. In each of these shows she played several different characters, adeptly transforming…

captain general, in colonial Spanish America, the governor of a captaincy general, a division of a viceroyalty. Captaincies general were established districts that were under serious pressures from foreign invasion or Indian attack. Although under the nominal jurisdiction of their viceroys,

Lewis Milestone: Films of the 1930s: The Captain Hates the Sea (1934) was a zany comedy that tried to blend such disparate elements as John Gilbert, Victor McLaglen, and the Three Stooges.

Horatio Hornblower: …Gregory Peck in the film Captain Horatio Hornblower (1951). Beginning with Horatio Hornblower: The Duel (1998), Welsh actor Ioan Gruffudd played Hornblower in a series of made-for-television movies.

Modoc and Klamath: …to the American military as Captain Jack, left the reservation. Federal efforts to induce this group’s return precipitated the Modoc War of 1872–73, in which about 80 warriors and their families retreated to the California Lava Beds, a land of complex ravines and caves; there they mounted an effective resistance.…

Jan de Hartog: …roman van de zeesleepvaart (1947; Captain Jan: A Story of Ocean Tugboats), relates with humour the tale of a young boy’s career in the merchant navy. De Hartog’s later novels, written in English, are of mainly entertainment value. Among these are A Sailor’s Life (1956), The Inspector (1960), The Peaceable…

Bob Keeshan: Captain Kangaroo—given that name because in the show’s early years Keeshan wore an oversize coat with large pockets reminiscent of kangaroo pouches—began on October 3, 1955. The walrus-mustached Captain—with such friends as Mr. Green Jeans, Bunny Rabbit, Dancing Bear, and Mr. Moose—brought education disguised as…

Bob Keeshan was an American television producer and entertainer who was best known for his role as Captain Kangaroo on the children’s program of the same name (1955–84). When Keeshan was a senior in high school, he landed a job as a page at NBC in New York City. After high school he served in the

William Kidd was a 17th-century privateer and semilegendary pirate who became celebrated in English literature as one of the most colourful outlaws of all time. Fortune seekers have hunted his buried treasure in vain through succeeding centuries. Kidd’s early career is obscure. It is believed he

Douglas Sirk: Films of the early to mid-1950s: …the Hun (Jack Palance), and Captain Lightfoot (1955) starred Hudson as a rebellious early 19th-century Irish nationalist.

Captain Marvel: From Ms. Marvel to Captain Marvel and back: …in the title role of Captain Marvel, which was released in March 2019. The film was an unqualified blockbuster, grossing more than $1 billion worldwide, and Larson reprised the role for Avengers: Endgame (2019). Monica Rambeau, who had appeared as a child in Captain Marvel, entered the MCU as an…

Captain Marvel, American comic strip superhero created by writer Stan Lee and artist Gene Colan for Marvel Comics. The character debuted in Marvel Super-Heroes no. 12 in December 1967. The role of Captain Marvel would be filled by many heroes over subsequent years, most notably by the Kree warrior

radio: Juvenile action and adventure series: Captain Midnight began in October 1939 as a regional series; it transferred to the Mutual network in September 1940 and remained on the air through December 1949. Midnight was actually Captain Red Albright, a former World War I flyer and commander of the flying Secret…

Carl Zuckmayer: Der Hauptmann von Köpenick (1931; The Captain of Köpenick), one of his most highly regarded works, is a satire on Prussian militarism. In 1933 political pressure forced him to immigrate to Austria, where he wrote Der Schelm von Bergen (1934; “The Villain of Bergen”).

Mario Vargas Llosa: Captain Pantoja and the Special Services, filmed 2000) is a satire of the Peruvian military and religious fanaticism. His semi-autobiographical novel La tía Julia y el escribidor (1977; Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, filmed 1990 as Tune in Tomorrow) combines two distinct narrative points of…

Maersk Alabama hijacking: …adapted into the 2013 film Captain Phillips, which starred Tom Hanks in the title role.

James Phillip McAuley: …A Vision of Ceremony (1956); Captain Quiros (1964), a verse narrative of the settlement and Christianization of Australia; Surprises of the Sun (1969); Collected Poems, 1936–70 (1971); Music Late at Night: Poems, 1970–1973 (1976); and A World of Its Own (1977). McAuley’s prose works include a volume of literary criticism,…

San Marino: Geography: …six months nominates the two captains regent (capitani reggenti), who hold office for that period and may not be elected again until three years have elapsed. The Great and General Council is headed by the captains regent, who are heads of state and of the administration. The Congress of State,…

tall tale: …region are the tales of Captain Stormalong, whose ship was driven by a hurricane across the Isthmus of Panama, digging the Panama Canal, and Johnny Appleseed, who planted apple orchards from the east coast to the western frontier. Washington Irving, in the History of New York (1809), and later Mark…

Joshua Reynolds: Early life: …as in his portrait of Captain the Honourable John Hamilton (1746).

Dav Pilkey: Pilkey’s popular Captain Underpants series is aimed toward elementary- and middle-school students. The many books in the series follow the adventures of fourth graders George and Harold. George and Harold make their own comic books, and one of their characters is the superhero Captain Underpants. In the…

Steve Yzerman is a Canadian American professional ice hockey player who—as the longest-serving captain in National Hockey League (NHL) history—led the Detroit Red Wings to three Stanley Cup championships (1997, 1998, and 2002). From 1981 to 1983 Yzerman played centre with the Peterborough Petes of

Jennifer Johnston: Her first published book, The Captains and the Kings (1972), was actually written after The Gates (1973); both novels feature the Anglo-Irish setting of a decaying manor house. Johnston’s third novel, How Many Miles to Babylon? (1974), concerns the complex and tragic friendship of two young men who are…

Captains Courageous, novel of maritime adventure by Rudyard Kipling, published as a serial in McClure’s magazine beginning in 1896 and in book form in 1897. The action of the novel takes place on the We’re Here, a small fishing boat whose crew members rescue the protagonist, Harvey Cheyne, when he

Victor Fleming: The 1930s: …rebounded with the hugely successful Captains Courageous (1937). The family drama was a sentimental but affecting version of the Rudyard Kipling novel about a spoiled rich boy (played by Freddie Bartholomew) who learns about life after falling from an ocean liner and being rescued by fishermen. Spencer Tracy won his…

Captains Courageous, novel of maritime adventure by Rudyard Kipling, published as a serial in McClure’s magazine beginning in 1896 and in book form in 1897. The action of the novel takes place on the We’re Here, a small fishing boat whose crew members rescue the protagonist, Harvey Cheyne, when he

Havana: Cultural life: The Museum of the City of Havana, formerly the Palace of the Captains General in Old Havana, contains many pieces of old furniture, pottery, jewelry, and other examples of colonial workmanship, as well as models of what Havana looked like in earlier centuries. The museum…

Michael Curtiz: The late 1930s and the 1940s: …director’s other effort that year, Captains of the Clouds, which starred Cagney as a bush pilot who joins the Royal Canadian Air Force. Cagney’s performance in that film paled next to his portrayal of entertainer George M. Cohan in the much-admired musical biography Yankee Doodle Dandy, which gave Cagney a…

CAPTCHA, a visual interface feature, or code, to stop automated computer programs, known as bots and spiders, from gaining access to websites. A CAPTCHA, which may consist of letters, numbers, or images, is distorted in some manner to prevent recognition by computers but not so distorted that a

military aircraft: Airships: Unpowered, captive balloons also were used extensively for observation and artillery spotting in World War I, but by World War II they had become so vulnerable that they were used only as unmanned antiaircraft barrage balloons. Anchored to the ground or ships by cables, they compelled…

ship: The captive fleet: A third scheme of organization is the captive fleet, a shipping company that is a subsidiary of a larger entity that moves its own cargo in a continuous stream. Prominent examples are the fleets owned by many major petroleum companies to bring crude…

Czesław Miłosz: …of essays Zniewolony umysł (1953; The Captive Mind), in which he condemned the accommodation of many Polish intellectuals to communism. This theme is also present in his novel Zdobycie władzy (1955; The Seizure of Power). His poetic works are noted for their classical style and their preoccupation with philosophical and…

John Goodman: Film career: His later movies included Captive State (2019), in which aliens have colonized Earth and face a resistance movement.

Esteban Echeverría: Echeverría’s La cautiva (“The Captive Woman”), a long narrative poem about a white woman abducted by the Indians, is also among the better-known works of 19th-century Latin American literature.

Ryan Reynolds: Hollywood career: …commercially, and Atom Egoyan’s thriller The Captive (2014), in which Reynolds starred as the father of a kidnapped girl, was booed by audiences and panned by critics upon its debut at the Cannes film festival. Somewhat better received was Woman in Gold (2015), in which he played a lawyer helping…

Édouard Bourdet: …however, by La Prisonnière (1926; The Captive), a psychological study of the sufferings of a troubled woman. With Vient de paraître (1928; “Just Appeared”), a satire on the literary world, Bourdet established a formula for the series of satirical comedies that he produced between the world wars. Notable plays in…

reptile: Annotated classification: †Family Captorhinidae (captorhinids) Lower through Upper Permian. One family and about 12 genera. Prefrontal-palatine contact present; dermal sculpturing honeycomblike. Small to moderate-sized terrestrial reptiles. † Order Araeoscelidia (araeoscelidians) Lower Permian to Upper Triassic. Small lizardlike

Permian Period: Emergence of important reptiles: …(dinosaurs, crocodiles, and birds); the captorhinomorphs, “stem reptiles” from which most other reptiles are thought to have evolved; eosuchians, early ancestors of the snakes and lizards; early anapsids, ancestors of turtles; early archosaurs, ancestors of the large ruling reptiles of the Mesozoic; and synapsids, a common and varied

Captorhinus, genus of extinct reptiles found as fossils in Permian rocks of North America (the Permian Period lasted from 299 million to 251 million years ago). Captorhinus was small with slender limbs; its full length was about 30 cm (12 inches), and its skull was only about 7 cm (2.75 inches)

prize: “Capture” and “prize” are not synonymous terms, and a legal determination that the captured property is good prize, within the accepted definition, is necessary before the captor may exercise any beneficial rights in it. A decree of condemnation declares the prize to be the property…

solar system: Formation of the outer planets and their moons: …the Sun that were gravitationally captured by their respective planets. Neptune’s moon Triton and Saturn’s Phoebe are prominent examples of captured moons in retrograde orbits, but every giant planet has one or more retinues of such satellites.

capture, in nuclear physics, process in which an atomic nucleus absorbs a smaller particle. See beta decay; neutron

Phrynichus: …494, Phrynichus produced the tragedy The Capture of Miletus, which so harrowed Athenian feelings that he was fined. In 476, with the financial backing of the important Athenian democratic politician Themistocles, he won first prize in the Great Dionysia competition with Phoenissae (“Phoenician Women”), a play about the Greek victory…

rite of passage: Marriage rites: Ceremonies of dramatic sham “capture” of the bride by the groom and his relatives and friends have been common in both preliterate and literate societies. Marriage in these societies is seen by social scientists as a cooperative liaison between two different groups of kin, between which some feelings of…

John Sturges: Early work: Next was The Capture (1950), a crime drama set in the American West, with Lew Ayres as a man who kills a coworker whom he wrongly accuses of robbery and later is himself unjustly blamed for a murder; Teresa Wright was cast as his coworker’s widow.

Confiscation Acts: …federal government passed additional measures (“Captured and Abandoned Property Acts”) that defined property subject to seizure as that owned by absent individuals who supported the South. The Confederate Congress also passed property confiscation acts to apply to Union adherents. But the amount of land actually confiscated during or after the…

card game: Classification: …other than trick taking include:

Capua, in ancient times, the chief city of the Campania region of Italy; it was located 16 miles (26 km) north of Neapolis (Naples) on the site of modern Santa Maria Capua Vetere. The nearby modern city of Capua was called Casilinum in antiquity. Ancient Capua was founded in c. 600 bce, probably by

Capua, town and episcopal see, Campania region, southern Italy, on the Volturno River and the ancient Appian Way, north of Naples. Casilinum was a strategic road junction and was contended for by the Carthaginian general Hannibal and the Romans from 216 to 211 bc, during the Second Punic War; it

Italy: Relations to the papacy: His Assizes of Capua (1220) set forth a program to regain control of royal rights alienated since the reign of Henry VI. He also began to establish a more effective central administration. He worked to secure the support of important members of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, including…

Luigi Capuana was an Italian critic and writer who was one of the earliest Italian advocates of realism. Capuana influenced many writers, including the novelist Giovanni Verga and the playwright Luigi Pirandello, who were his friends. Born of a wealthy Sicilian family, Capuana studied law for two

Capuchin, an autonomous branch of the first Franciscan order of religious men, begun as a reform movement in 1525 by Matteo da Bascio. The lives of its early members were defined by extreme austerity, simplicity, and poverty, and, though this has been to some extent mitigated, the order remains

capuchin monkey, (genus Cebus), common Central and South American primate found in tropical forests from Nicaragua to Paraguay. Capuchins, considered among the most intelligent of the New World monkeys, are named for their “caps” of hair, which resemble the cowls of Capuchin monks. These monkeys

Poor Clare: The Capuchin Sisters, originating in Naples in 1538, and the Alcantarines, of 1631, are also Poor Clares of the strict observance.

Vincenzo Bellini: …most important of these were I Capuleti e i Montecchi (1830), based on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet; La sonnambula (1831; The Sleepwalker); and Norma (1831). La sonnambula, an opera semiseria (serious but with a happy ending), became very popular, even in England, where an English version appeared. Bellini’s masterpiece, Norma,…

gastropod: Classification: Calyptraeacea Cap shells (Capulidae) and slipper shells (Calyptraeidae) are limpets with irregularly shaped shells with a small internal cup or shelf; many species show sex reversal, becoming males early in life, then changing into females during old age; common on rocks and clamshells and in dead…

Capulin Volcano National Monument, extinct volcano in northeastern New Mexico, U.S., about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Raton. It was established in 1916 as Capulin Mountain National Monument, its boundary changed in 1962, and it was renamed in 1987. The monument, which covers 1.2 square miles

Capulin Volcano National Monument, extinct volcano in northeastern New Mexico, U.S., about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Raton. It was established in 1916 as Capulin Mountain National Monument, its boundary changed in 1962, and it was renamed in 1987. The monument, which covers 1.2 square miles

Alfred Drake was an American actor who breathed new life into musical theatre as the star of Broadway’s Oklahoma! (1943), which featured his rich baritone voice in renditions of “Oh, What a Beautiful Morning,” “People Will Say We’re in Love,” and “The Surrey with the Fringe on Top.” While a junior

capybara, (genus Hydrochoerus), either of two species of large semiaquatic South American rodents. Capybaras inhabit forests and wetlands from Panama to Argentina. The larger of the two species, the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), is the largest living rodent in the world, growing up to about

capybara: …of the two species, the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), is the largest living rodent in the world, growing up to about 1.3 metres (4.3 feet) long and weighing up to 79 kg (174 pounds). The lesser capybara (H. isthmius) is smaller, growing to about 1 metre (about 3 feet) in length…

Caquetá, departamento, southern Colombia, bounded south by the Caquetá River and northeast by the Apaporis River. Given commissary status in 1910 and raised to intendency level in 1950 and to department status in the late 1970s, the territory consists of forested lowlands except in the west, where

Japurá River, river that rises as the Caquetá River east of Pasto, Colombia, in the Colombian Cordillera Central. It meanders generally east-southeastward through the tropical rain forest of southeastern Colombia. After receiving the Apaporis River at the Brazilian border, it takes the name Japurá

Caquetío, Indians of northwestern Venezuela living along the shores of Lake Maracaibo at the time of the Spanish conquest. They moved inland to avoid enslavement by the Spaniards but were eventually destroyed as were their neighbours, the Quiriquire and the Jirajara. The Caquetío and the Jirajara

furniture: France: …specialized chair known as a caquetoire, or conversation chair, supposedly designed for ladies to sit and gossip in, had a high, narrow back and curved arms.

An automobile is a usually four-wheeled vehicle designed primarily for passenger transportation and commonly propelled by an internal-combustion engine using a volatile fuel. (Read Henry Ford’s 1926 Britannica essay on mass production.) The modern automobile is a complex technical system employing

railroad: Cars: After the first crude beginnings, railroad-car design took divergent courses in North America and Europe, because of differing economic conditions and technological developments. Early cars on both continents were largely of two-axle design, but passenger-car builders soon began constructing cars with three and then…

Ossie Davis: …roles on the TV series Car 54, Where Are You (1961–63) and The Defenders (1961–65) and starred on Broadway in the musical comedy The Zulu and the Zayda (1965–66).

Ford Motor Company: 2009–2020s: Recovery, growth, and hybrid/EV sustainability: …to the federal government’s “cash-for-clunkers” plan, which gave consumers up to $4,500 toward trade-ins of older cars for new fuel-efficient models.

motor vehicle insurance, a contract by which the insurer assumes the risk of any loss the owner or operator of a car may incur through damage to property or persons as the result of an accident. There are many specific forms of motor vehicle insurance, varying not only in the kinds of risk that

Nicobar Islands: …group includes the islands of Car Nicobar (north), Camorta (Kamorta) and Nancowry (central group), and Great Nicobar (south).

mass transit: Alternative service concepts: …better parking arrangements to encourage carpooling, the sharing of auto rides by people who make similar or identical work trips. Car-pool vehicles are privately owned, the guideways (roads) are in place, drivers do not have to be compensated, and vehicle operating costs can be shared. On the other hand, carpoolers…

child safety: The correct use of child safety seats in passenger cars can reduce the risk of death from car accidents by as much as 71 percent for children under one year of age. Likewise, the use of helmets can significantly reduce the risk of brain injury from bicycling accidents.

motion sickness, sickness induced by motion and characterized by nausea. The term motion sickness was proposed by J.A. Irwin in 1881 to provide a general designation for such similar syndromes as seasickness, train sickness, car sickness, and airsickness. The term, though imprecise for scientific

Aldemir Bendine: …wide-ranging federal investigation (known as Lava Jato [“Car Wash”]) alleged that Petrobras executives and dozens of Brazilian politicians—most of them members of the ruling Workers’ Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores; PT) and its allies—had received millions of dollars in bribes and kickback payments for contracts with Petrobras, principally from large construction…

Lucinda Williams: …recording of her fifth album, Car Wheels on a Gravel Road. Her initial unhappiness with the work led to a number of delays, and it was not released until 1998. The album brought Williams her first real commercial success. Universally acclaimed, Car Wheels on a Gravel Road also won a…

Irene Cara was an American singer-songwriter and actress who achieved popular and critical acclaim for her performance in the musical film Fame (1980) and for her recording of the film’s title song. She is also known for her contributions to the soundtrack for the blockbuster film Flashdance (1983)

Irene Cara was an American singer-songwriter and actress who achieved popular and critical acclaim for her performance in the musical film Fame (1980) and for her recording of the film’s title song. She is also known for her contributions to the soundtrack for the blockbuster film Flashdance (1983)

frottola: 1535) and Marchetto Cara (d. c. 1530). At times the same person wrote both text and music.

Caraballo Mountains, mountains in central Luzon, Philippines. The range reaches an elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,680 meters). It joins the Cordillera Central to the north and the Sierra Madre to the east. Drained by the headwaters of the northward-flowing Cagayan River, the mountains are heavily