New Orleans: The port: …Board formulated a plan, called Centroport U.S.A., by which much of the port’s activities would be switched from the Mississippi River to wharves and industrial complexes along the Gulf Outlet and the river frontage thus retired from maritime use would be diverted to such projects as high-rise apartments and public…

sea bass: …and sport are grouper; the black sea bass (Centropristis striata), a gray, brownish, or blackish species of the western Atlantic; and the graysby (Petrometopon cruentatus), of tropical western Atlantic waters.

sea bass: …and sport are grouper; the black sea bass (Centropristis striata), a gray, brownish, or blackish species of the western Atlantic; and the graysby (Petrometopon cruentatus), of tropical western Atlantic waters.

sea bass: …and sport are grouper; the black sea bass (Centropristis striata), a gray, brownish, or blackish species of the western Atlantic; and the graysby (Petrometopon cruentatus), of tropical western Atlantic waters.

coucal, any of about 27 species of medium to large birds of the genus Centropus of the cuckoo family (Cuculidae). They are found from Africa and Madagascar across southern Asia to Australia and the Solomon Islands. About 30 to 90 cm (12 to 36 inches) long, coucals are loose-plumaged birds with

swamp pheasant, bird species of the cuckoo family (Cuculidae). See

coucal: The senegal coucal (C. senegalensis), 40 cm (16 inches) long, is brown above with black crown and white underparts. It is found in tropical Africa, as is a similar species, C. superciliosus, the white-browed coucal.

coucal: sinensis), called crow pheasant in India, is 48 to 56 cm (19 to 22 inches) long. It is black with brown mantle and wings. Its range is from India to southern China and Malaysia.

coucal: The black, or black-chested, coucal (C. toulou) is 33 cm (13 inches) long. All black except for brown wings, it is whitish streaked in nonbreeding plumage (the only cuckoo to have seasonal coloration change). It ranges from eastern Africa to Southeast Asia.

angelfish: …the better-known species are the black and gold angelfish (Centropyge bicolor) of the Indo-Pacific; the French angelfish, Pomacanthus paru (or P. arcuatus), a black and yellow species of the Atlantic; and the queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris), a blue and yellow fish of the Atlantic.

cell: Microtubules: …the nuclear envelope called the centrosome. The minus ends of these microtubules are embedded in the centrosome, while the plus ends terminate near the cell membrane. The plus ends grow and shrink rapidly, a process known as dynamic instability. At the start of cell division, the centrosome replicates and divides…

sea urchin: Hatpin urchins, such as Centrostephanus longispinus of the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, Diadema (formerly Centrechinus) setosum of the Indo-Pacific, and D. antillarum of Florida and the West Indies, have toxic spines up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) long. The slate-pencil urchin (Heterocentrotus mammillatus) of the Indo-Pacific has 12-cm spines…

vertebral column: …of a ventral body, or centrum, surmounted by a Y-shaped neural arch. The arch extends a spinous process (projection) downward and backward that may be felt as a series of bumps down the back, and two transverse processes, one to either side, which provide attachment for muscles and ligaments. Together…

Denmark: Postwar politics: …of three new parties: the Center Democrats (Centrum-Demokraterne), the Christian People’s Party (Kristeligt Folkeparti), and the Progress Party (Fremskridtspartiet), an antitax party. A weak minority government under Poul Hartling of the Liberal Party tried to solve the country’s growing economic problems, but his austerity program resulted in protests from trade…

scorpion: Reproduction and life cycle: In some Centruroides, for example, small males mature after four molts and large males after five. There are no reports of molting’s occurring after reproductive maturity has been reached.

Western architecture: Carolingian period: Some churches, such as Centula (Saint-Riquier, France), which is known only through pictures, had a second choir on the west side. A fairly well-preserved west choir, forerunner of the later Romanesque westwork, is to be found in the church of Corvey, in Germany (873–885). Notable also is the gatehouse…

Indo-European languages: Changes in phonology: …known as “centum” languages, from centum (/kentum/), the corresponding word in Latin. The satem languages are not geographically separated from one another by any recorded languages that preserve the palatals as stops; it is therefore inferred that the change to affricates (whence later spirants) occurred just once and spread over…

centumviri, in ancient Rome, court of civil jurisdiction that gained distinction for its hearing of inheritance claims, through which it influenced succession. The court, instituted in c. 150 bc, was composed of three men from each tribe, a total of 105 judges; hence, the name centumviri (“100

Western theatre: Mime and pantomime: In Centunculus, for example, a clown was baptized and martyred, being grotesquely crucified in a way calculated to burlesque his faith. Sometimes the shows were spiced with sexual acts and real executions on stage. At the end of the Roman era, mime actors were performing throughout…

stagecraft: Classical theatrical costume: …coloured patchwork jacket called a centunculus, and this name became applied to mime actors in general. At Corneto, a tomb painting depicts Stupidus (the fool of the mimes) wearing another coat covered with coloured patches, a tall pointed cap decorated with a tassel, and a square, short cloak known as…

comitia: …then assigned to classes and centuriae (centuries) according to their wealth and the equipment they could provide for military service. Voting in the Comitia Centuriata proceeded by centuries according to precedence, starting with the equites, followed by the first and wealthiest class; these groups constituted a clear majority over the…

historiography: Centuriae Magdeburgenses and Annales Ecclesiastici: Martin Luther (1483–1546), the German theologian who set the Reformation in motion, at first glance bears little resemblance to Petrarch, much less to Machiavelli. But while his piety was intense, he embraced much of the new learning. Nobody was more insistent…

Comitia Centuriata, Ancient Roman military assembly, instituted c. 450 bc. It decided on war and peace, passed laws, elected consuls, praetors, and censors, and considered appeals of capital convictions. Unlike the older patrician Comitia Curiata, it included plebeians as well as patricians,

ancient Rome: Urban centres: The process, referred to as centuriation, typically made use of squares of 2,330 feet (710 metres) on a side, intended for land distribution to settlers and general purposes of inventory. Signs of it were first detected in northern Africa in the 1830s, through surviving crop marks and roads, and have…

Nostradamus: …1555 in a book entitled Centuries. The work consisted of rhymed quatrains grouped in hundreds, each set of 100 called a century. Astrology was then at a peak, and an enlarged second edition, dedicated to the French king, appeared in 1558.

Thomas Traherne: …overshadowed by the prose work Centuries of Meditations, in which he instructs an acquaintance in his personal philosophy of “felicity”; the latter was based on Traherne’s Christian training, his retention of vivid impressions of the wonder and joy of childhood, and his desire to regain that sense in a mature…

George Anson, Baron Anson: …their one remaining ship, the Centurion, Anson managed to capture a Spanish treasure galleon near the Philippines. He sold this prize for £400,000 in Canton, China, the Centurion being the first British warship to enter Chinese waters. By the time he reached England in June 1744, more than half the…

centurion, the principal professional officer in the armies of ancient Rome and its empire. The centurion was the commander of a centuria, which was the smallest unit of a Roman legion. A legion was nominally composed of 6,000 soldiers, and each legion was divided up into 10 cohorts, with each

tank: World War II: …introduced the prototypes of the Centurion tank with a 76-mm gun comparable to that of the German Panther. Otherwise, U.S. and British tanks were well behind the German and Soviet tanks in their gun power.

Greece: The Peloponnese: …the title to her nephew Centurione II Zaccaria, who lost much of the territory to the Byzantine despotate of the Morea. In 1430 he married his daughter to the Byzantine despotēs Thomas Palaeologus, handing over his remaining lands as her dowry. From that time on, the Byzantine despotate of the…

Centuripe, town, east-central Sicily, Italy. The town lies at an elevation of 2,402 feet (732 meters) on a ridge between the Simeto and Dittaino rivers, northwest of Catania. The ancient Centuripae, which the Greek historian Thucydides called a city of the Siculi (an ancient Sicilian tribe), allied

Centuripe, town, east-central Sicily, Italy. The town lies at an elevation of 2,402 feet (732 meters) on a ridge between the Simeto and Dittaino rivers, northwest of Catania. The ancient Centuripae, which the Greek historian Thucydides called a city of the Siculi (an ancient Sicilian tribe), allied

woodpecker: …are the habitat of the red-bellied woodpecker (Centurus carolinus).

patristic literature: Monastic literature: …a hundred aphorisms, or “centuries,” a literary form that he invented and that was to have a great vogue in Byzantine times. A master of the spiritual life, he classified the eight sins that undermine the monk’s resolution and also the ascending levels by which the soul rises to…

Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, dictionary of American English that is generally regarded as one of the greatest ever produced. The first edition (1889–91) contained six volumes; a supplementary Cyclopedia of Names, including personal and geographic names, famous works of art and literature, and

William Dwight Whitney: …as editor in chief of The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language, 6 vol. (1889–91), which in its time was one of the finest general-purpose dictionaries in the United States. He was also the editor of the 1864 edition of Webster’s dictionary. Whitney wrote The Life and…

century egg, preserved egg of Chinese origin. To some a century egg might look as if it belongs in a museum rather than on a plate. The egg’s “white” ranges from golden amber to an unusual translucent black; its yolk contains merging rings of soft green, yellow, and gray; and the centre is soft,

John Gould: …first of many folio volumes, A Century of Birds from the Himalaya Mountains (1831–32). Gould’s sketches were transferred to the lithographer’s stone by his wife, the former Elizabeth Coxon, whose artistic talents were to enhance many of his works until her death in 1841. The five-volume Birds of Europe (1832–37)…

Chicago: No little plans: …its second world’s fair, the Century of Progress Exposition, organized to mark the centennial of the town charter. Conceived initially to displace the Capone crime era from the city’s image, the fair turned into a celebration of technology as the savior of the country’s economy. Its Art Deco-style architecture and…

Ellen Key: Barnets århundrade (1900; The Century of the Child, 1909) made her world famous. This book and numerous other publications concerning the issues of marriage, motherhood, and family life were translated into many languages. In 1903 she started lecture tours abroad, particularly in Germany. She also propagated her ideas…

century plant: …name is commonly applied to A. americana, which is grown as an ornamental in many places and is a source of the fibre maguey and of “agave nectar” used as a sweetener. Despite their common name, most century plants do not live longer than 30 years; each rosette of leaves…

century plant, any of several species of Agave in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). The name is commonly applied to A. americana, which is grown as an ornamental in many places and is a source of the fibre maguey and of “agave nectar” used as a sweetener. Despite their common name, most century

Seattle: City layout: …Park (formerly Safeco Field) and CenturyLink Field, two sports stadiums built in the late 1990s and early 2000s that are the home fields of, respectively, the Mariners (baseball) and Seahawks (gridiron football).

Centwine was, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a chronological account of events in Anglo-Saxon England, king of the West Saxons, or Wessex (from 676), son of King Cynegils, and brother of King Cenwalh. His reign was marked by renewed victories over the Welsh. Centwine was described by the

Cenú, Indians of the northern lowlands of Colombia who became extinct under Spanish rule. The Cenú were a tropical-forest people who spoke a Cariban language. They were agriculturists, and their chief crops were probably corn (maize), sweet manioc (yuca), and sweet potatoes; cotton was raised for

Cenwalh was the king of the West Saxons, or Wessex. Though his father became a Christian, Cenwalh himself long remained a pagan. Soon after his succession he discarded his wife, sister of King Penda of Mercia, who retaliated by making war and driving Cenwalh into exile. While in exile in East

Cenwulf was an Anglo-Saxon king of the Mercians from 796 who preserved the Mercian supremacy established by King Offa (reigned 757–796). During a Kentish rebellion against Mercian suzerainty, he tried to move the chief English see from Canterbury to London. He abandoned this plan after quelling the

The chief executive officer (CEO) is the senior manager or leader of a business or other organization, such as a nonprofit or nongovernmental organization (NGO). A CEO has final decision-making authority within the organization (subject to the general consent of a board of directors, if there is

Ceol was the king of the West Saxons, or Wessex. Ceol may have been related to Cutha, who was brother of King Ceawlin. After his victory over Ceawlin at Wodnesbeorg (Wiltshire), he reigned for five years. He was succeeded by Ceolwulf and then by

Saint Benedict Biscop: Ceolfrith, prior and later his successor at Wearmouth, Benedict went to Rome c. 678, returning with an instructor in ecclesiastical music. In 682 he built the sister foundation of St. Paul at Jarrow, returning in 687 to Rome.

Ceolnoth was the 17th archbishop of Canterbury, who played a conciliatory role during the invasions of England by the Danish Vikings. Ceolnoth’s early life is obscure. He was elected and consecrated archbishop probably in 833. At the council of Kingston, Surrey, now Kingston upon Thames, London, in

Ceol: He was succeeded by Ceolwulf and then by Cynegils.

ceorl, the free peasant who formed the basis of society in Anglo-Saxon England. His free status was marked by his right to bear arms, his attendance at local courts, and his payment of dues directly to the king. His wergild, the sum that his family could accept in place of vengeance if he were

rocket and missile system: Design principles: …usually measured by a missile’s circular error of probability (CEP) and bias. CEP uses the mean point of impact of missile test firings, usually taken at maximum range, to calculate the radius of a circle that would take in 50 percent of the impact points. Bias measures the deviation of…

Boletaceae: The cepe (B. edulis) is found in woods and groves of trees during July and August. The 50 species of Suillus form mycorrhizal associations (nutritional “partnerships”) between the filaments of the fungus and the roots of certain trees.

Orlando Cepeda was a Puerto Rican professional baseball player who became one of the first new stars to emerge when major league baseball arrived on the U.S. West Coast in 1958. Cepeda grew up surrounded by baseball: his father, Pedro (“Perucho”) Cepeda, was a power-hitting shortstop who was known

St. Teresa of Ávila ; canonized 1622; feast day October 15) was a Spanish nun, one of the great mystics and religious women of the Roman Catholic Church, and an author of spiritual classics. She was the originator of the Carmelite Reform, which restored and emphasized the austerity and

battles of Cepeda, (1820, 1859), two engagements fought at Cepeda, in the Buenos Aires provincia of Argentina, during the decades of disunity following the declaration in 1816 of Argentine independence. On Feb. 1, 1820, at Cepeda, federalist forces, made up of gauchos from Santa Fe and Entre Ríos

Orlando Cepeda was a Puerto Rican professional baseball player who became one of the first new stars to emerge when major league baseball arrived on the U.S. West Coast in 1958. Cepeda grew up surrounded by baseball: his father, Pedro (“Perucho”) Cepeda, was a power-hitting shortstop who was known

Latin Americans in Major League Baseball Through the First Years of the 21st Century: The 1930s through World War II: …truly a baseball star was Peruchín Cepeda, a powerful infielder who, because he was black, could not play in organized baseball; his own career unjustly forgotten, he is remembered now only for being the father of Hall of Famer Orlando Cepeda.

opalinid: , Cepedea); the locomotor organelles (short, hairlike projections) are arranged in slanting, longitudinal rows. Species of the genus Opalina range from 90 to 500 micrometres in length. Reproduction is sexual by fusion of gametes (syngamy) or asexual by longitudinal splitting with distribution of the nuclei. Opalinids…

flying gurnard, (family Dactylopteridae), any of a small group of marine fish comprising the family Dactylopteridae (order Scorpaeniformes). Flying gurnards are similar to the sea robins, or gurnards (family Triglidae, order Scorpaeniformes), and are sometimes considered as relatives of that group

Cefalù, town and episcopal see, northern Sicily, Italy. It lies at the foot of a 1,233-foot (376-metre) promontory along the Tyrrhenian Sea, east of Palermo city. It originated as the ancient Cephalaedium, which was probably founded as an outpost of the Greek city of Himera and first appeared in

helleborine: …of the two similar genera Cephalanthera and Epipactis (family Orchidaceae). The genus Cephalanthera has about 14 north temperate species, while Epipactis comprises about 21 species native to north temperate areas, tropical Africa, and Mexico. Plants of both genera usually have tall thin stems and crinkled leaves.

helleborine: The phantom orchid (C. austiniae), the only species native to the Western Hemisphere, relies entirely on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrition. The most common British species is large white helleborine (C. damasonium). It has many long thick roots. The petals are borne close together, giving the flower…

helleborine: …most common British species is large white helleborine (C. damasonium). It has many long thick roots. The petals are borne close together, giving the flower a closed appearance. Large white helleborine is self-pollinating and hence does not require the action of an insect as do most other helleborines.

buttonbush, (genus Cephalanthus), genus of at least six species of shrubs or small trees of the madder family (Rubiaceae) native to Africa, Asia, and North America. Buttonbrush plants are named for their fragrant creamy white spherical flowers. They are sometimes used in landscaping and are a

buttonbush: In North America the common buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) is the best-known member of the genus and can reach up to 6 metres (20 feet) high in marshes and swamps.

Dipsacales: Dipsacus clade: syriaca and the ornamental C. transylvanica, a tall annual that produces large, stiff, globe-shaped, white to bluish flower heads and has divided leaves. Knautia has 60 species, some cultivated, such as field scabious (K. arvensis). Devil’s bit (Succisa pratensis), a blue-flowered perennial, grows wild in European meadows. Its leaves…

bubble shell, any of various marine snails of the order Cephalaspidea (subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda). These snails characteristically have thin, globular shells; in some species the shells are embedded in the animal’s body. Many of these snails are active predators, feeding on

fish: Annotated classification: Class Cephalaspidomorphi (Monorhina) Order Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Without dermal ossification of any sort; pectoral appendages absent; eyes more or less lateral or dorsal; 7 pairs of external gill openings; tail more or less diphycercal. Primarily bottom-dwelling fishes, but suctorial, feeding on blood and juices of

Cephalaspis, extinct genus of very primitive, jawless, fishlike vertebrates found in Lower Devonian rocks (the Devonian Period lasted from 416 to 359.2 million years ago) in Europe and North America. Cephalaspis, one of an early group of vertebrates called ostracoderms, possessed an external bony

cephalic disorder, any of several conditions affecting the structure and function of the human brain and central nervous system that are caused by either abnormalities in fetal development or trauma to the fetus. Cephalic disorders affect infants and children worldwide. There often is no effective

cephalic index, the percentage of breadth to length in any skull. The index is calculated from measurement of the diameters of the skull. The length of the skull is the distance from the glabella (the midpoint between the brows) and the most projecting point at the back of the head. The breadth of

human cardiovascular system: Superior vena cava and its tributaries: …that unite to form the cephalic vein, coursing up the radial (thumb) side of the forearm, and the basilic vein, running up the ulnar side of the forearm and receiving blood from the hand, forearm, and arm. The deep veins of the forearm include the radial veins, continuations of deep…

cephalin-cholesterol flocculation, laboratory test for the nonspecific measurement of blood globulins, a group of proteins that appear in abnormally high concentrations (hyperglobulinemia) in association with certain diseases. The test consists of adding blood serum to a suitably prepared emulsion

melon cactus: …a reddish woolly mass, the cephalium, that forms like a cap atop the plant when it reaches a certain age, varying with the species. Carmine to pink flowers push up through the cephalium, only the tips being visible. The flowers are followed by waxy edible fruits, which are usually pink…

cephalization, the differentiation of the anterior (front) end of an organism into a definite head. Considered an evolutionary advance, cephalization is accompanied by a concentration of nervous tissue (cephalic ganglion or brain) and feeding mechanisms in the head region that serves to integrate

Cephallenia, island, largest of the Ionian Islands, west of the Gulf of Patraïkós. With the island of Ithaca (Itháki) and smaller nearby islands, it forms the nomós (department) of Kefallinía in modern Greece. The island, with an area of 302 square miles (781 square km), is mountainous, and Mount

horseshoe shrimp, any member of the marine crustacean subclass Cephalocarida (class Crustacea), named because of the curving, horseshoelike shape of the body. Only nine species are known, the first of which was described in 1955. A very primitive group, the horseshoe shrimp have no eyes; in

old man cactus: …hairy cacti in cultivation include: yellow old man, or woolly torch (Cephalocereus palmeri); golden old man (Pilosocereus chrysacanthus); old woman (Mammillaria hahniana); Chilean old lady (Eriosyce senilis); and old man of the mountain (Cleistocactus trollii).

old man cactus, (Cephalocereus senilis), columnar species of cactus (family Cactaceae), native to central Mexico. Because of the unkempt wisps of whitish hair along its stem, it is a popular potted plant. It grows well outdoors in Mediterranean climates. Old man cactus usually attains 6 metres

cephalochordate, any of more than two dozen species belonging to the subphylum Cephalochordata of the phylum Chordata. Small, fishlike marine invertebrates, they probably are the closest living relatives of the vertebrates. Cephalochordates and vertebrates have a hollow, dorsal nerve cord,

cephalochordate, any of more than two dozen species belonging to the subphylum Cephalochordata of the phylum Chordata. Small, fishlike marine invertebrates, they probably are the closest living relatives of the vertebrates. Cephalochordates and vertebrates have a hollow, dorsal nerve cord,

pterobranch: Two of them, Rhabdopleura and Cephalodiscus, live in secreted tubes, organized into a colonial structure called a coenecium. The third genus, Atubaria, lives on hydroids. All three genera are rare. About 21 species have been described.

hammerhead shark: The peculiar shapes of sphyrnid cephalofoils appear to serve several purposes. First, the flattened and expanded head acts as a hydrodynamic bow plane that allows the shark to raise and turn its head quickly and sharply. This feature gives the shark enhanced maneuverability to snap up its prey. Second, the…

head, in human anatomy, the upper portion of the body, consisting of the skull with its coverings and contents, including the lower jaw. It is attached to the spinal column by way of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas, and connected with the trunk of the body by the muscles, blood vessels, and

Cephallenia, island, largest of the Ionian Islands, west of the Gulf of Patraïkós. With the island of Ithaca (Itháki) and smaller nearby islands, it forms the nomós (department) of Kefallinía in modern Greece. The island, with an area of 302 square miles (781 square km), is mountainous, and Mount

antelope: Classification: and the four-horned antelope) Subfamily Cephalophinae Tribe Cephalophini (duikers) Subfamily Antilopinae Tribe Neotragini (dwarf antelopes, including royal antelopes,

duiker, (tribe Cephalophini), any of 17 or 18 species of forest-dwelling antelopes (subfamily Cephalophinae, family Bovidae) found only in Africa. Duiker derives from the Afrikaans duikerbok (“diving buck”), which describes the sudden headlong flight of duikers flushed from hiding. No other tribe

graysby, species of sea bass

duiker: …placed in the same genus, Cephalophus. Only the bush, or gray, duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), which is adapted to the savanna biome, is placed in a separate genus.

duiker: callipygus), bay duiker (C. dorsalis), and white-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster). The white-bellied duiker prefers broken-canopy and secondary forest with dense undergrowth, the black-fronted duiker has elongated hooves adapted to the swampy forest it prefers, and the bay duiker is nocturnal, lying low during the day while…

duiker: …ranges from that of the blue duiker (C. monticola), one of the smallest antelopes, only 36 cm (14 inches) high at the shoulder and weighing about 5 kg (11 pounds), to that of the yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor), up to 87 cm (34 inches) high at the shoulder and weighing…

duiker: …pounds), to that of the yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor), up to 87 cm (34 inches) high at the shoulder and weighing 80 kg (180 pounds). It appears that the structure of the forest undergrowth selects for shoulder heights that enable duikers and other forest ungulates to move through or beneath…

cephalopod, any member of the class Cephalopoda of the phylum Mollusca, a small group of highly advanced and organized, exclusively marine animals. The octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and chambered nautilus are familiar representatives. The extinct forms outnumber the living, the class having attained

cephalopod, any member of the class Cephalopoda of the phylum Mollusca, a small group of highly advanced and organized, exclusively marine animals. The octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and chambered nautilus are familiar representatives. The extinct forms outnumber the living, the class having attained

umbrellabird, any of three species of cotingas (family Cotingidae, order Passeriformes) of tropical American forests. They are notable for their unique, umbrella-like crest and for the pendant suspended from the throat, which is an inflatable wattle. When displaying, the male spreads the crest to

umbrellabird: The bare-necked umbrellabird (C. glabricollis) of Panama and Costa Rica has a short, round wattle, which is bright red and unfeathered. The latter two species are considered by some authorities to be subspecies of C. ornatus.

umbrellabird: In the ornate umbrellabird (C. ornatus) of the Amazon basin, the wattle is short, triangular, and devoid of feathers on the hindside. In the long-wattled umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger), found west of the Andes in Ecuador and Colombia, the wattle may be 28 cm (11 inches) long and…