Cécile Chaminade was a French composer and pianist known chiefly for her piano music, which she performed on numerous concert tours, particularly in England. Chaminade’s earliest music studies were with her mother, a pianist and singer. Because her father forbade her enrollment in a conservatory,

Marianist: …Roman Catholic church founded by William Joseph Chaminade at Bordeaux, Fr., in 1817. The Marianists, including the Brothers of Mary, developed from the sodality (a devotional association of the laity) of the Blessed Mother organized in 1800 by Chaminade. The Institute of the Daughters of Mary, or Marianist Sisters, was…

Zimbabwe: Succession: …of the MDC-T party, with Nelson Chamisa and Thokozani Khupe—two of the party’s three deputy presidents—splitting the party into two factions. The internecine squabbles led to fears that the opposition would not be strong enough to successfully challenge ZANU-PF in the upcoming elections.

saltbush: …of western North America, especially four-wing saltbush, or chamiso (A. canescens), and spiny saltbush (A. confertifolia).

Adelbert von Chamisso was a German-language lyricist best remembered for the Faust-like fairy tale Peter Schlemihls wundersame Geschichte (1814; Peter Schlemihl’s Remarkable Story). When he was nine, Chamisso’s family escaped the terrors of the French Revolution by taking refuge in Berlin. After

Thailand: Partial democracy and the search for a new political order: Chamlong Srimuang—who also was a former army general, as well as a former mayor of Bangkok and the leading lay supporter of a Buddhist fundamentalist movement—assumed the leadership of these protests. In May the army met the escalating antigovernment demonstrations with bloody repression. The king…

chamois, (genus Rupicapra), either of two species of goatlike animal, belonging to the family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), that are native to the mountains of Europe and the Middle East. The two species are the Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), which is found in the Cantabrian Mountains,

artiodactyl: Scent glands: …goat, the pronghorn, and the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), supraorbital ones in muntjacs (several species of Muntiacus). There are jaw glands in the pronghorn; neck glands in camels; dorsal glands on the back of peccaries, pronghorn, and springbok; and preputial glands (in front of the genital region) in several pigs, grysbok…

dress: Native Americans: …made from the tanned or chamois skins of local animals, such as deer, elk, buffalo, moose, beaver, otter, wolf, fox, and squirrel. Native Americans employed animal oils, particularly those found in the brains of the animal, to produce a softly textured material that they then dyed in brilliant colours. They…

artiodactyl: Scent glands: …goat, the pronghorn, and the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), supraorbital ones in muntjacs (several species of Muntiacus). There are jaw glands in the pronghorn; neck glands in camels; dorsal glands on the back of peccaries, pronghorn, and springbok; and preputial glands (in front of the genital region) in several pigs, grysbok…

chamomile, any of various daisylike plants of the aster family (Asteraceae). Chamomile tea, used as a tonic and an antiseptic and in many herbal remedies, is made from English, or Roman, chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) or German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Several species are cultivated as

chamomile: Chamomile tea, used as a tonic and an antiseptic and in many herbal remedies, is made from English, or Roman, chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) or German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Several species are cultivated as garden ornamentals, especially golden marguerite, or yellow chamomile (Cota tinctoria).

Chamonix 1924 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in Chamonix, France, that took place Jan. 25–Feb. 5, 1924. The Chamonix Games were the first occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games. The Chamonix Games were originally staged as International Winter Sports Week, a meet sponsored by the

Chamonix–Mont-Blanc, internationally known mountain resort in the French Alps, Haute-Savoie département, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes région, west of Annecy. It is situated at an elevation of 3,402 feet (1,037 metres) on both sides of the Arve River, which rises in the Mer de Glace (“Sea of Ice”), the

Chamorro, indigenous people of Guam. The ancestors of the Chamorro are thought to have come to the Mariana Islands from insular Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippines) about 1600 bce. It is estimated that in the early 17th century there were between 50,000 and 100,000 Chamorro in the

Nicaragua: The Somoza years: … and the organization founded by Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, editor and publisher of La Prensa (“The Press”) of Managua, called the Democratic Union of Liberation (Unión Democrática de Liberación; UDEL). In December 1974 the Sandinistas staged a successful kidnapping of Somoza elites, for which ransom and the release of political prisoners…

Austronesian languages: Nuclear Micronesian: Palauan, Chamorro (Mariana Islands), and Yapese (western Micronesia) are not Nuclear Micronesian languages; the former two appear to be products of quite distinct migrations out of Indonesia or the Philippines, and, while Yapese probably is Oceanic, it has a complex history of borrowing and does not…

Emiliano Chamorro Vargas was a prominent diplomat and politician, president of Nicaragua (1917–21). Born to a distinguished Nicaraguan family, Chamorro early became an opponent of the regime of José Santos Zelaya. From 1893 on, Chamorro organized and was active in many of the revolts against this

Agrihan: …was the site of the last stand the indigenous Chamorro people made against the Spaniards, who had occupied the Marianas late in the 17th century. In 1810 colonists from the United States and Hawaii established plantations there, but they were expelled by the Spanish administration. Agrihan has some fertile highlands…

Daniel Ortega: …November presidential election, most notably Cristiana Chamorro, the daughter of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. Among the others arrested were a pair of Ortega’s former revolutionary comrades in arms, Dora María Téllez and Hugo Torres, along with presidential candidates Juan Sebastián Chamorro and Félix Maradiaga. The actions brought widespread international criticism,…

Nicaragua: The Somoza years: … and the organization founded by Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, editor and publisher of La Prensa (“The Press”) of Managua, called the Democratic Union of Liberation (Unión Democrática de Liberación; UDEL). In December 1974 the Sandinistas staged a successful kidnapping of Somoza elites, for which ransom and the release of political prisoners…

Violeta Barrios de Chamorro is a Nicaraguan newspaper publisher and politician who served as president of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997. She was Central America’s first woman president. Chamorro, who was born into a wealthy Nicaraguan family (her father was a cattle rancher), received much of her

chamosite, mineral of the chlorite group. See

Camille Chamoun was a political leader who served as president of Lebanon in 1952–58. Chamoun spent his early political years as a member of a political faction known as the Constitutional Bloc, a predominantly Christian group that emphasized its Arabic heritage in an attempt to establish a rapport

Camille Chamoun was a political leader who served as president of Lebanon in 1952–58. Chamoun spent his early political years as a member of a political faction known as the Constitutional Bloc, a predominantly Christian group that emphasized its Arabic heritage in an attempt to establish a rapport

postal system: Growth of the post as a government monopoly: …postal system; but its originator, Claude-Humbert Piarron de Chamousset, was paid compensation. Thus, the state monopolies expanded their scope, happily combining an improved service to the public with greater profitability.

Jon Voight: …starred in the sports melodrama The Champ (1979) and earned another Oscar nomination for best actor for his turn as an escaped convict in the thriller Runaway Train (1985).

King Vidor: Early sound features: Vidor’s success continued with The Champ (1931), an unabashedly maudlin—but wildly popular—tale of father-son love. Beery starred as a washed-up boxer who looks to make a comeback in order to keep custody of his son (Jackie Cooper). The film received an Academy Award nomination for outstanding production, and Beery…

Marquis de Lafayette: The French Revolution: …of petitioners gathered on the Champ de Mars in Paris (July 17, 1791) to demand the abdication of the king, Lafayette’s guards opened fire, killing or wounding about 50 demonstrators. The incident greatly damaged his popularity, and in October he resigned from the guard.

Himalayas: People of the Himalayas: The Champa, Ladakhi, Balti, and Dard peoples live to the north of the Great Himalaya Range in the Kashmir Himalayas. The Dard speak Indo-European languages, while the others are Tibeto-Burman speakers. The Champa traditionally lead a nomadic pastoral life in the upper Indus valley. The Ladakhi…

Champa, city of ancient India, the capital of the kingdom of Anga (a region corresponding with the eastern part of present-day Bihar state). It is identified with two villages of that name on the south bank of the Ganges (Ganga) River east of Munger. Champa is often mentioned in early Buddhist

Champa, ancient Indochinese kingdom lasting from the 2nd to the 17th century ce and extending over the central and southern coastal region of Vietnam from roughly the 18th parallel in the north to Point Ke Ga (Cape Varella) in the south. Established by the Cham, a people of Malayo-Polynesian stock

origins of agriculture: Land use: …and relatively drought-resistant rice from Champa, a kingdom in what is now Vietnam. In 1012, when there was a drought in the lower Yangtze and Huai River regions, 30,000 bushels of Champa seeds were distributed. Usually a summer crop, the native rice plant of these locales required 150 days to…

joy perfume tree, (Magnolia champaca), tree native to tropical Asia that is best known for its pleasant fragrance. The species, which is classified in the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae), is also characterized by its lustrous evergreen elliptical leaves. The tree grows to about 50 metres (164 feet)

joy perfume tree, (Magnolia champaca), tree native to tropical Asia that is best known for its pleasant fragrance. The species, which is classified in the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae), is also characterized by its lustrous evergreen elliptical leaves. The tree grows to about 50 metres (164 feet)

champagne, classic sparkling wine named for the site of its origin and exclusive production, the traditional region of Champagne in northeastern France. The term champagne is also applied generically, with restrictions, outside France, to many white or rosé wines that are characterized by

Champagne, historical and cultural region encompassing the present-day northeastern French département of Marne and parts of Ardennes, Meuse, Haute-Marne, Aube, Yonne, Seine-et-Marne, and Aisne départements. The region is coextensive with the former province of Champagne, which was bounded on the

Champagne: …King Louis X in 1314, Champagne was united to the crown of France.

wine: Bottle fermentation: …in classic bottle fermentation, or méthode champenoise (“champagne method”), the wine remains in the bottle, in contact with the yeast, for one to three years. During this period of aging under pressure, a series of complex reactions occurs, involving compounds from autolyzed yeast and from the wine, resulting in a…

Secretariat: Breeding and early years: …the Hopeful Stakes, Futurity Stakes, Champagne Stakes, Laurel Futurity, and Garden State Stakes. The winner of those races, or at least the majority of them, is considered to have won the “title” of best two-year-old. Secretariat had wins in the first two of the five races, and he consequently approached…

Champagne-Ardenne, former région of France, incorporated since January 2016 into the région of Grand Est. As an administrative entity, it encompassed the northern départements of Haute-Marne, Aube, Marne, and Ardennes and was roughly coextensive with the historical province of Champagne. In the

Jean-Baptiste Nompère de Champagny, duke de Cadore was a French statesman and diplomat, foreign minister under Napoleon I. Elected deputy to the States General by the noblesse of Forez in 1789, he was later a member of the Constituent Assembly’s committee for the Navy and took part in the

Champaign, city, Champaign county, east-central Illinois, U.S. Lying about 135 miles (220 km) southwest of Chicago, it adjoins Urbana (east), with which it shares the main campus of the University of Illinois. The cities are often called Champaign-Urbana. In 1854 Illinois Central Railroad tracks

Philippe de Champaigne was a Flemish-born Baroque painter and teacher of the French school who is noted for his restrained and penetrating portraits and his religious paintings. Champaigne was trained in Brussels by Jacques Fouquier and others and arrived in Paris in 1621. He was employed in 1625

joy perfume tree, (Magnolia champaca), tree native to tropical Asia that is best known for its pleasant fragrance. The species, which is classified in the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae), is also characterized by its lustrous evergreen elliptical leaves. The tree grows to about 50 metres (164 feet)

Champasak, town, southern Laos. It lies on the west bank of the Mekong River, within an agricultural region of rolling plains and alluvial lowlands whose mountainous core is an eastern outlier of the Dângrêk Mountains. The town lies some 30 miles (48 km) east of the Laos-Thailand border and about

Champasak, town, southern Laos. It lies on the west bank of the Mekong River, within an agricultural region of rolling plains and alluvial lowlands whose mountainous core is an eastern outlier of the Dângrêk Mountains. The town lies some 30 miles (48 km) east of the Laos-Thailand border and about

Laos: Lan Xang: …set itself up as the kingdom of Champassak (1713). Split into three rival kingdoms, Lan Xang ceased to exist.

Bid, city, central Maharashtra state, western India, on a tributary of the Krishna River near a gap in a range of low hills. Bid was known earlier as Champavatinagar. Its other name, Bir or Bhir, probably was derived from the Persian bhir (“water”). In its early history it belonged to the Chalukya

Champerico, town and port, southwestern Guatemala, on the Pacific Ocean. Linked by paved highway with Retalhuleu, Champerico is one of the country’s most important ports on the Pacific, though ships have to anchor about 1 mile (1.6 km) offshore. It handles chiefly coffee, timber, and sugar.

Champfleury was a French novelist and journalist, theoretician of the Realist movement, which he analyzed in Le Réalisme (1857). Although his reputation has declined, he was an influential figure whose writings helped to popularize the work of the painter Gustave Courbet, then controversial for his

Geoffroy Tory: …and his famous philological work Champfleury (1529). In this work Tory put forward the idea of accents, the apostrophe, the cedilla, and simple punctuation marks. He was appointed imprimeur du roi (“printer to the king”) by Francis I in about 1530.

Champigny-sur-Marne, town, a southeastern suburb of Paris, in Val-de-Marne département, Île-de-France région, north-central France, on the Marne River. It is a large and growing residential area of the city with some industry, including food processing and optical instruments. It has a 12th-century

Champion, American film noir, released in 1949, that was one of the first movies to expose the brutality and corruption in the sport of boxing. It garnered six Academy Award nominations and is often cited as one of the best boxing movies ever made. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film

champion, one who fights in behalf of another. During the Middle Ages a feature of Anglo-Norman law was trial by battle, a procedure in which guilt or innocence was decided by a test of arms. Clergy, children, women, and persons disabled by age or infirmity had the right to nominate champions to

Painesville, city, seat (1840) of Lake county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., near the mouth of the Grand River and Lake Erie, 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Cleveland. The site, first settled permanently by Gen. Edward Paine with a party of 66, was laid out around 1805; it was known variously as The

John Dunstable: …Franc, who wrote in his Champion des dames (c. 1440) that the leading composers of the day, Guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois, owed their superiority to what they learned from Dunstable’s “English manner.”

Champion International Corporation, former American forest products enterprise engaged in the manufacture of building materials, paper, and packaging materials. It was acquired by a competitor, International Paper Company, in 2000. The company was founded in 1937 as U.S. Plywood Corporation in a

Robert Z. Leonard: Later films: …Yours (1952) with Marge and Gower Champion, but even their considerable dance skills could not energize the mundane musical. The Clown (1953) cast Red Skelton as a former vaudeville star whose career is destroyed by alcohol, but his loving son encourages him to stage a comeback; the drama was a…

Robert Z. Leonard: Later films: …Have Is Yours (1952) with Marge and Gower Champion, but even their considerable dance skills could not energize the mundane musical. The Clown (1953) cast Red Skelton as a former vaudeville star whose career is destroyed by alcohol, but his loving son encourages him to stage a comeback; the drama…

Bristol ware: …taken over in 1774 by Richard Champion. Champion concentrated on tea and coffee services, flowers being the favoured decoration. More-sophisticated ornament, usually Neoclassic rather than Rococo, was reserved for commissioned work, which formed a large proportion of Bristol services. Soft-paste porcelain, usually known as Lund’s Bristol, was made at Benjamin…

Maurice Gee: …by a burn victim; in The Champion (1994), which explores the travails of a black American soldier stationed in New Zealand; and in Live Bodies (1998), which tells the story of an antifascist Austrian Jew who is interned at Somes Island in Wellington Harbour during World War II.

Coldplay: …Guy Berryman on bass and Will Champion, a guitarist who later switched to drums.

French Open, international tennis tournament, the second of the major events that make up the annual Grand Slam of tennis (the other tournaments are the Australian Open, the Wimbledon Championships, and the U.S. Open). In 1891 the first French national championships were held in the Stade Français,

Mindy Kaling: The Mindy Project, Never Have I Ever, and The Sex Lives of College Girls: …then cocreated the TV series Champions (2018), about a theater kid who moves in with his dad so that he can attend school in New York City. Kaling wrote several episodes and played the boy’s mother. In 2019 she cowrote an adaption of the 1994 romantic comedy Four Weddings and…

figure skating: Ice shows: Champions on Ice, formerly known as the Tour of World and Olympic Champions, was founded and is still run by World Figure Skating Hall of Fame member Tom Collins. The primary distinction of the tour, now in its fourth decade, is that the cast includes…

Indianapolis 500: …open-wheel racing series known as Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) was formed in 1979. By the mid-1990s CART had successfully replaced USAC as the leading power in IndyCar racing. In 1996 speedway owner Tony George formed the Indy Racing League (IRL) to counteract the influence of CART. The IRL has…

railroad: Early American railroads: …Lion ran, as on the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, the first in Canada, Stephenson locomotives proved unsuited to the crude track and quickly derailed. The British locomotive had virtually no constructive impact on North American locomotives. The only residual characteristic was the 4-foot 8.5-inch gauge, which was often thought…

canals and inland waterways: United States: The Champlain Canal was opened in 1823, but it was not until 1843, with the completion of the Chambly Canal, that access to the St. Lawrence was made possible via the Richelieu River.

Canada: The Great Lakes–St. Lawrence lowlands: …ocean water, known as the Champlain Sea, which produced a very flat plain. The level plain is broken by the seven Monteregian Hills near Montreal. The westernmost of these is Mont-Royal (Mount Royal) in Montreal, about 820 feet (250 metres) high.

David Hackett Fischer: …explorer Samuel de Champlain (Champlain’s Dream [2008]).

Lake Champlain, lake extending 107 miles (172 km) southward from Missisquoi Bay and the Richelieu River in Quebec province, Canada, where it empties into the St. Lawrence River, to South Bay, near Whitehall, New York, U.S. It forms the boundary between Vermont and New York for most of its length

Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer, acknowledged founder of the city of Quebec (1608), and consolidator of the French colonies in the New World. He was the first known European to sight the lake that bears his name (1609) and made other explorations of what are now northern New York, the

champlevé, in the decorative arts, an enameling technique or an object made by the champlevé process, which consists of cutting away troughs or cells in a metal plate and filling the depressions with pulverized vitreous enamel. The raised metal lines between the cutout areas form the design

Marie Champmeslé was a French tragedienne who created the heroines in many of Jean Racine’s plays. The daughter of an actor, she married the actor Charles Chevillet Champmeslé in 1666, and by 1669 both were members of the Théâtre du Marais in Paris. In 1670 they joined the Hôtel de Bourgogne, where

Marie Champmeslé was a French tragedienne who created the heroines in many of Jean Racine’s plays. The daughter of an actor, she married the actor Charles Chevillet Champmeslé in 1666, and by 1669 both were members of the Théâtre du Marais in Paris. In 1670 they joined the Hôtel de Bourgogne, where

Claus Sluter: The portal of the Champmol chapel is now somewhat damaged (the Virgin’s sceptre is missing, as are the angels, once the object of the child’s gaze, holding symbols of the Passion). This work, though begun by Marville, must have been redesigned by Sluter, who set the figures strongly before…

Jean-François Champollion was a French historian and linguist who founded scientific Egyptology and played a major role in the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs. At age 16 Champollion had already mastered six ancient Oriental languages, in addition to Latin and Greek, and delivered a paper

Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac was a French librarian and paleographer remembered for his own writings and for editing several works of his younger brother, Jean-François Champollion, the brilliant Egyptologist who deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. In 1809 Champollion-Figeac published a work on

Spanish literature: Women poets: Ernestina de Champourcin published four volumes of exuberant, personal, intellectual poetry before going into exile (1936–72) with her husband, José Domenchina, a minor poet of the Generation of 1927. Presencia a oscuras (1952; “Presence in Darkness”) reacted to the marginality she felt while in exile…

Man Ray: …book of his collected rayographs, Les Champs délicieux (“The Delightful Fields”), was published, with an introduction by the influential Dada artist Tristan Tzara, who admired the enigmatic quality of Man Ray’s images. In 1929, with his lover, photographer and model Lee Miller, Man Ray also experimented with the technique called…

Philippe Soupault: …authored Les Champs magnétiques (1920; The Magnetic Fields), known as the first major Surrealist work. Soupault soon abandoned automatic writing to produce carefully crafted verses such as those in Westwego (1922) and Georgia (1926). As the Surrealist movement became increasingly dogmatic and political, Soupault grew dissatisfied with it and eventually…

Champs-Élysées, broad avenue in Paris, one of the world’s most famous, which stretches 1.17 miles (1.88 km) from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde. It is divided into two parts by the Rond-Point (“roundabout”) des Champs-Élysées. The lower part, toward the Place de la Concorde (and

perciform: Annotated classification: Family Champsodontidae Small, elongated spiny-rayed fishes with a small spinous first dorsal fin and rather long, soft dorsal and anal fins; pelvic fins rather large; eyes near top of head and close together; unusually large mouth, the jaw extending obliquely past the eyes; 20–40 cm (8–16…

khamsin, hot, dry, dusty wind in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula that blows from the south or southeast in late winter and early spring. It often reaches temperatures above 40° C (104° F), and it may blow continuously for three or four days at a time and then be followed by an inflow of much

Saptamatrika: …Indrani (wife of Indra), and Chamunda, or Yami (wife of Yama). One text, the Varaha-purana, states that they number eight, including Yogeshvari, created out of the flame from Shiva’s mouth.

Jainism: Early medieval developments (500–1100): …10th century the Ganga general Chamundaraya oversaw the creation of a colossal statue of Bahubali (locally called Gommateshvara; son of Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara) at Shravanabelagola.

Mysuru: Pilgrims frequent Chamundi Hill (about 3,490 feet [1,064 metres]), with its monolith of Nandi, the sacred bull of Shiva; the summit affords an excellent view of the Nilgiri Hills to the south. Krishnaraja Lake, a large reservoir with a dam, lies 12 miles (19 km) northwest of…

Zen, important school of East Asian Buddhism that constitutes the mainstream monastic form of Mahayana Buddhism in China, Korea, and Vietnam and accounts for approximately 20 percent of the Buddhist temples in Japan. The word derives from the Sanskrit dhyana, meaning “meditation.” Central to Zen

Chan Chan, great ruined and abandoned city, the capital of the Chimú kingdom (c. 1100–1470 ce) and the largest city in pre-Columbian America. It is situated on the northern coast of present-day Peru, about 300 miles (480 km) north of Lima in the Moche valley, between the Pacific Ocean and the city

Chan I was one of the most illustrious Cambodian kings (reigned 1516–66) of the post-Angkor era. He successfully defended his kingdom against Cambodia’s traditional enemies, the Thais, invaded Siam (Thailand), and brought peace to Cambodia. Chan succeeded his uncle, King Dharmarajadhiraja

Chan II was a king of Cambodia who sought to balance Siam (Thailand) against Vietnam. Both countries had traditionally contested for the Cambodian territory that lay between their domains. When Chan’s father, King Eng, died in 1796, the Thais had superiority. In 1802 Chan was recognized as the king

Robert Redfield: …Mexico’s foremost anthropologists, he wrote Chan Kom: A Maya Village (1934), which contained observations of contemporary Maya culture and considered a new question for anthropology in the 1930s, acculturation. A comparison of a tribal community, a peasant village, a provincial town, and Mérida, the Yucatán capital, formed the basis of…

Jackie Chan is a Hong Kong-born Chinese stuntman, actor, and director whose perilous acrobatic stunts and engaging physical humour made him an action-film star in Asia and helped to bring kung fu movies into the mainstream of American cinema. Chan was born to impoverished parents in Hong Kong. The

Laz language, unwritten language spoken along the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia and in the adjacent areas of Turkey. Some scholars believe Laz and the closely related Mingrelian language to be dialects of the Svan language rather than independent languages. Both Laz and Mingrelian have made a

Bonampak: …carved with images of rulers—particularly Chan Muán (reigned 776–c. 795)—and inscribed with Mayan hieroglyphic writing.

Chan painting, school of Chinese painting inspired by the “meditative” school of Buddhism called, in Chinese, Chan (Japanese: Zen). Although Chan originated in China with an Indian monk, Bodhidharma, it came to be the most Chinese of Buddhist schools. The ideals of the school later frequently found

Zao Jun, in Chinese religion, the “Furnace Prince” whose magical powers of alchemy produced gold dinnerware that conferred immortality on the diner. The Han-dynasty emperor Wudi was reportedly duped by Li Shaojun, a self-styled mystic, into believing that this new deity was capable of conferring

Earl Derr Biggers: …for the popular literary creation Charlie Chan. A wise Chinese-American detective on the Honolulu police force, Charlie Chan is the protagonist of a series of mystery detective novels that spawned popular feature films, radio dramas, and comic strips.

Gemma Chan is a British stage and screen actress who is perhaps best known for her supporting role in Crazy Rich Asians (2018), the first Hollywood production in 25 years to feature an all-Asian cast in a modern narrative. In addition to acting, Chan advocates for many causes, including championing