Louisiana: Health and welfare: The so-called Charity Hospital system, supported and administered by the state, is fairly unusual among the 50 states. The system maintains several general and psychiatric hospitals. The Charity Hospital of Louisiana, in New Orleans, founded by private endowment in 1736 and later adopted by the state, is…

Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (D.C.), Roman Catholic religious congregation founded at Paris in 1633 by St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac. The congregation was a radical innovation by 17th-century standards: it was the first noncloistered religious institute of women

Mary Frances Clarke: …November 1, 1833, as the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Sister Mary immediately became Mother Mary, superior of the fledgling order. In 1843, on invitation by Bishop Matthias Loras and Father Pierre De Smet, Mother Mary and four sisters made their way to the still-primitive frontier village…

charity school, type of English elementary school that emerged in the early 18th century to educate the children of the poor. They became the foundation of 19th-century English elementary education. Supported by private contributions and usually operated by a religious body, these schools clothed

Antonio Rosmini-Serbati: …philosopher and founder of the Institute of Charity, or Rosminians, a Roman Catholic religious organization for educational and charitable work.

Sisters of Charity, any of numerous Roman Catholic congregations of non-cloistered women religious who are engaged in a wide variety of good works, especially teaching and nursing. Many of these congregations follow a rule of life based upon that of St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac

Santiago de Cuba: …most important shrine—dedicated to the Virgen de la Caridad (Virgin of Charity), proclaimed to be the protectress of Cuba. It attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors per year seeking blessings and healings. Pop. (2012) 431,272; (2020 est.) 433,253.

charity fraud: Fighting fraud: The American Institute for Philanthropy, for example, publishes ratings for charities on its Web site, ranging from an A for excellent to a grade of F for poor.

Charles Philipon: …new caricature every day) called Le Charivari. Ten years later Le Charivari was to become godfather to Punch, subtitled The London Charivari. In 1838 La Caricature made a cautious and short-lived reappearance under the title of La Caricature Provisoire. His next publication of importance, Le Journal pour Rire (“The Journal…

Türkmenabat, city and administrative centre, Lebap oblast (province), Turkmenistan, on the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River). The second largest city in Turkmenistan, it was founded as a Russian military settlement when the Transcaspian Railway reached the Amu Darya in 1886. It is now a rail junction

Canadian literature: The Quiet Revolution: …turned to chansonniers such as Robert Charlebois, whose American-influenced rock was just as concerned with Quebec identity as Vigneault’s music.

Charlemagne was the king of the Franks (768–814), king of the Lombards (774–814), and first emperor (800–814) of the Romans and of what was later called the Holy Roman Empire. Around the time of the birth of Charlemagne—conventionally held to be 742 but likely to be 747 or 748—his father, Pippin

Charlemagne legend, fusion of folktale motifs, pious exempla, and hero tales that became attached to Charlemagne, king of the Franks and emperor of the West, who assumed almost legendary stature even before his death in 814. A Gesta Karoli magni, written by the monk Notker of St. Gall (in

Imperial Crown, crown created in the 10th century for coronations of the Holy Roman emperors. Although made for Otto the Great (912–973), it was named for Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman emperor. The crown is made of eight round-topped plaques of gold hinged together and kept rigid by an interior

Princess Charlene is the consort (2011– ) of Albert II, prince of Monaco. She previously was a champion swimmer. When Wittstock was 12 years old, her parents, a sales manager and a swimming instructor, moved her and her two brothers to South Africa. There she began swimming competitively under her

Princess Charlene is the consort (2011– ) of Albert II, prince of Monaco. She previously was a champion swimmer. When Wittstock was 12 years old, her parents, a sales manager and a swimming instructor, moved her and her two brothers to South Africa. There she began swimming competitively under her

Princess Charlene is the consort (2011– ) of Albert II, prince of Monaco. She previously was a champion swimmer. When Wittstock was 12 years old, her parents, a sales manager and a swimming instructor, moved her and her two brothers to South Africa. There she began swimming competitively under her

Charleroi, municipality, Walloon Region, south-central Belgium, on the north bank of the Sambre River, south of Brussels. Following the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), France had to yield Landrecies, Avesnes, Philippeville, and Mariembourg to Spain. The frontier was dismantled, and with the return

Belgium: Transportation and telecommunications: A canal from Charleroi to Brussels links the basins of the two main rivers through the Ronquières lock. The Albert Canal links Antwerp with the Liège region. A maritime canal connects Brugge and Zeebrugge; another connects Ghent and Terneuzen (Netherlands), on the Schelde estuary; and a third links…

Charles was the king of a troubled Portugal that was beset by colonial disputes, grave economic difficulties, and political unrest during his reign (1889–1908). The son of King Louis and of Maria Pia of Savoy, daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, he married Marie Amélie of Orléans, a

Charles (I) was the emperor (Kaiser) of Austria and, as Charles IV, king of Hungary, the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (November 21, 1916–November 11, 1918). A grandnephew of the emperor Franz Joseph, Charles became heir presumptive to the Habsburg throne upon the assassination of his

Charles was the third son of the Frankish emperor Lothar I. Upon his father’s death, he inherited the Rhone valley of Burgundy and Provence. He was the first king of Provence, but he died without issue, and Provence was seized by his elder brother, the emperor Louis

Charles was the count of Flanders (1119–27), only son of St. Canute, or Canute IV of Denmark, by Adela, daughter of Robert I the Frisian, count of Flanders. After the assassination of Canute in 1086, his widow took refuge in Flanders, taking with her her son. Charles was brought up by his mother

Charles was the last of the great dukes of Burgundy (1467 to 1477). The son of Duke Philip III the Good of Burgundy, Charles was brought up in the French manner as a friend of the French dauphin, afterward Louis XI of France, who spent five years in Burgundy before his accession. Although he had

Charles was a rival duke of Brittany, a son of the French king Philip VI’s sister Margaret. Charles’s claim to Brittany through his marriage to Joan the Lame of Penthièvre, niece of Duke John III of Brittany, led to a conflict with the other claimants, John of Montfort and later his son Duke John

Charles, county, southern Maryland, U.S., bounded by the Potomac River to the south and west, Mattawoman Creek to the north, and the Patuxent and Wicomico rivers to the east. It is linked to Virginia across the Potomac by the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge. Parklands include the southern

Charles Albert was the king of Sardinia–Piedmont (1831–49) during the turbulent period of the Risorgimento, the movement for the unification of Italy. His political vacillations make him an enigmatic personality. Exiled from Italy, Charles Albert, who belonged to a collateral branch of the House of

Charles VII was the elector of Bavaria (1726–45), who was elected Holy Roman emperor (1742–45) in opposition to the Habsburg Maria Theresa’s husband, Francis, grand duke of Tuscany. Succeeding to the Bavarian throne in 1726, Charles Albert renounced any claims to the Austrian succession when he

Charles XIII: …naming Duke Christian August (later Charles August) heir apparent, and, on his early death in 1810, one of Napoleon’s marshals, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, whom Charles adopted as his son. From then until his death, Charles was eclipsed by the crown prince, even in his symbolic role.

Charles Augustus was the Grossherzog (grand duke) of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, an enlightened ruler, and patron of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He made his court and the University of Jena leading intellectual centres of Germany during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Introduced to Goethe in

Charles Bridge, stone arch bridge built between 1357 and 1402 over the Vltava River in Prague, Czech Republic. It was commissioned by King Charles IV to replace Judith Bridge (constructed 1158–72), a narrower construction that had been unable to withstand a flood in 1342. The cornerstone for the

Charles Wilfred Butler: …independent practice afterward, eventually establishing Charles Butler Associates, with offices in New York and London. His initial specialty was designing aircraft interiors for commercial, corporate, and government clients. These included Canadian Pacific Airlines, General Motors, King Farouk I of Egypt, and Chiang Kai-shek.

Charles City, city, seat (1854) of Floyd county, northern Iowa, U.S., on the Cedar River, about 30 miles (50 km) east-southeast of Mason City. The site was a campground for the Winnebago before it was settled in 1850 by Joseph Kelly from Monroe, Wisconsin, who named it for his son; it was called

Charles City, county, eastern Virginia, U.S., in the Tidewater region, southeast of Richmond, between the Chickahominy and James rivers which unite at its southeastern border. One of Virginia’s eight original shires, it was formed in 1634 and named for Charles City at Bermuda Hundred (Chesterfield

Charleston, city, seat of Charleston county, southeastern South Carolina, U.S. It is a major port on the Atlantic coast, a historic centre of Southern culture, and the hub of a large urbanized area that includes Mount Pleasant, North Charleston, Hanahan, and Goose Creek. The city is situated on a

Academy Bay: …is the site of the Charles Darwin Research Station, which was established in 1959 to study and preserve the Galapagos Islands’ flora and fauna. The bay also serves as a harbour for small craft. It was from Academy Bay that the stranded Norwegian crew of the abandoned ship Alexandra was…

Northern Territory: Education: …of Alice Springs, to form Charles Darwin University; there are branch campuses in the territory’s larger cities. The multicampus Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education, also the product of amalgamation of several earlier institutions and programs, was launched in 1999 to provide higher education and additional training opportunities for indigenous…

Guyenne: …of Guyenne to his brother Charles de France, duke de Berry, in 1469, but, after the latter’s death in 1472, it was reunited to the French crown. During the religious wars in the 16th century and during the Fronde in the 17th, Guyenne was the scene of bitter fighting.

warship: Aircraft carriers: …carriers (although the 38,000-ton French Charles de Gaulle is closer in size to the carriers of the immediate post-World War II period than to the 80,000-ton, 1,000-foot [300-metre] behemoths built by the United States since the 1970s). The Soviet Union considered building large carriers, but the idea was abandoned by…

airport: Open apron and linear designs: …Munich Airport in Germany, and Charles de Gaulle Airport near Paris.

Arc de Triomphe: …at the center of the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly called the Place de l’Étoile), the western terminus of the avenue des Champs-Élysées; just over 1.2 miles (2 km) away, at the eastern terminus, is the Place de la Concorde. Napoleon I commissioned the triumphal arch in 1806—after his great…

Charles was the third son of the Frankish emperor Lothar I. Upon his father’s death, he inherited the Rhone valley of Burgundy and Provence. He was the first king of Provence, but he died without issue, and Provence was seized by his elder brother, the emperor Louis

George Gissing: He also wrote Charles Dickens: A Critical Study (1898), a perceptive piece of literary criticism.

Charles Edward, the Young Pretender , also known as the Young Pretender, was the last serious Stuart claimant to the British throne and leader of the unsuccessful Jacobite rebellion of 1745–46. Charles’s grandfather was the exiled Roman Catholic king James II (ruled 1685–88), and his father, James

Charles Emmanuel I was the duke of Savoy who alternated alliances with France and Spain, taking advantage of the European power struggle in order to further his expansionist policy. A skilled soldier and shrewd politician, he was a capable ruler of Savoy, governing with moderation, promoting

Charles Emmanuel II was the duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675, during a period of restoration and consolidation in the whole of Piedmont. A younger son of Victor Amadeus I of Savoy, Charles Emmanuel acceded at the age of four on the death of his brother, Francis Hyacinth, who had reigned as duke for

Charles Emmanuel III was the king of Sardinia–Piedmont and an extremely skilled soldier whose aid other European countries often solicited for the many wars of his time. Having received a military and political education, Charles Emmanuel succeeded his father, Victor Amadeus II, in 1730. During the

Charles Emmanuel IV was a weak but religious king of Sardinia–Piedmont who was forced to abdicate to the French after ruling for only six years. Charles Emmanuel succeeded to the throne vacated by his father, Victor Amadeus III, on Oct. 14, 1796. When his kingdom was disturbed by several republican

Charles Emmanuel I was the duke of Savoy who alternated alliances with France and Spain, taking advantage of the European power struggle in order to further his expansionist policy. A skilled soldier and shrewd politician, he was a capable ruler of Savoy, governing with moderation, promoting

Friedrich Schiller: Early years and plays: …Ludwigsburg, the residence of Duke Karl Eugen of Württemberg. Johann Kaspar gave his son Friedrich a sound grammar school education until the age of 13 when, in deference to what amounted to a command from his despotic sovereign, he reluctantly agreed to send his boy to the Military Academy (the…

Charles Felix was the duke of Savoy and king of Sardinia–Piedmont (1821–31). The 11th child of Victor Amadeus III, he succeeded to his position when his brother Victor Emmanuel I abdicated in the face of an uprising of revolutionaries who demanded a new constitution. The revolution collapsed upon

Charles Frederick was the grand duke of Baden, a conscientious and liberal ruler who made his territories into a model of prosperity and effective government through his reforms based on the ideas of the Enlightenment. Charles Frederick succeeded to the margravate of Baden-Durlach in 1746, and his

ballad: Crime: “Tom Dooley” and “Charles Guiteau,” the scaffold confession of the assassin of Pres. James A. Garfield, are the best known American examples.

Charles I was the king of Great Britain and Ireland (1625–49), whose authoritarian rule and quarrels with Parliament provoked a civil war that led to his execution. Charles was the second surviving son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. He was a sickly child, and, when his father became

Charles I was the king of Naples and Sicily (1266–85), the first of the Angevin dynasty, and creator of a great but short-lived Mediterranean empire. The younger brother of Louis IX of France, Charles acquired the county of Provence in 1246 and accompanied Louis on his Egyptian Crusade (1248–50).

Charles I was the duke of Lower Lorraine, head of the only surviving legitimate line of the Carolingian dynasty by 987, and an unsuccessful claimant for the French throne. Son of Louis IV of France and Gerberga, sister of Otto I of Germany, Charles was banished by his brother, King Lothar, in 977.

Charles I (or II) was the duke of Lorraine and an ally of the Burgundian faction in the internal strife that divided France during the Hundred Years’ War. He succeeded in uniting Lorraine with the duchy of Bar. Becoming duke in 1391, he followed his father’s example in allying Lorraine with the

Charles I was a courtly, pious king of Hungary who restored his kingdom to the status of a great power and enriched and civilized it. Charles was the son of Charles Martel of Anjou-Naples and Clemencia of Habsburg, daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I. As great-grandson of Stephen V and with

Charlemagne was the king of the Franks (768–814), king of the Lombards (774–814), and first emperor (800–814) of the Romans and of what was later called the Holy Roman Empire. Around the time of the birth of Charlemagne—conventionally held to be 742 but likely to be 747 or 748—his father, Pippin

Albret Family: His son, Charles I d’Albret, constable of France, died at the Battle of Agincourt (1415).

Charles IV was the king of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) from 1322, the last of the direct line of the Capetian dynasty. His inglorious reign was marked by his invasion of Aquitaine and by political intrigues with his sister Isabella, wife of King Edward II of England. After the death of his

Charles V was the Holy Roman emperor (1519–56), king of Spain (as Charles I; 1516–56), and archduke of Austria (as Charles I; 1519–21), who inherited a Spanish and Habsburg empire extending across Europe from Spain and the Netherlands to Austria and the Kingdom of Naples and reaching overseas to

Charles II was the king of Great Britain and Ireland (1660–85), who was restored to the throne after years of exile during the Puritan Commonwealth. The years of his reign are known in English history as the Restoration period. His political adaptability and his knowledge of men enabled him to

Charles I (or II) was the duke of Lorraine and an ally of the Burgundian faction in the internal strife that divided France during the Hundred Years’ War. He succeeded in uniting Lorraine with the duchy of Bar. Becoming duke in 1391, he followed his father’s example in allying Lorraine with the

Charles II was the king of Spain from 1665 to 1700 and the last monarch of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. Charles’s reign opened with a 10-year regency under the queen mother, during which the government was preoccupied with combatting the ambitions of the French king Louis XIV in the Low Countries

Charles II was the king of France (i.e., Francia Occidentalis, the West Frankish kingdom) from 843 to 877 and Western emperor from 875 to 877. (He is reckoned as Charles II both of the Holy Roman Empire and of France.) Son of the emperor Louis I the Pious and his second wife, Judith, Charles was

Charles II was the king of Naples and ruler of numerous other territories, who concluded the war to regain Sicily started by his father, Charles I. By making astute alliances and treaties, he greatly enlarged his dominions. Named prince of Salerno (1269) by his father and married by him to Maria,

Charles II was the king of Navarre from 1349, who made various short-lived attempts to expand Navarrese power in both France and Spain. He was the son and successor of Joan of France, queen of Navarre, and Philip, count of Évreux. Married in 1352 to Joan, daughter of John II of France, he demanded

Charles II (or III) was the duke of Lorraine from 1545, whose reign is noted for its progress and prosperity. Charles was the son of Francis I of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark. On his father’s death in 1545, his mother became regent for him, and in 1552 Charles was taken to Paris by Henry II of

Charles II (or III) was the duke of Lorraine from 1545, whose reign is noted for its progress and prosperity. Charles was the son of Francis I of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark. On his father’s death in 1545, his mother became regent for him, and in 1552 Charles was taken to Paris by Henry II of

Charles III is the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from September 8, 2022. He is the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh. After being the longest-serving monarch-in-waiting in British history, Charles ascended the throne at age

Charles III was the count of Valois from 1285 and of Anjou and Maine from 1290. He was the son of a king, brother of a king, uncle of three kings, and a father of a king. Though he himself never gained a crown, he sought at various times those of Aragon, France, Constantinople, and the Holy Roman

Charles III was the king of France (893–922), whose authority came to be accepted by Lorraine and who settled the Northmen in Normandy but who became the first Carolingian ruler of the western kingdom to lose his crown. The posthumous son of Louis II the Stammerer by a marriage of contested

Charles VI was the Holy Roman emperor from 1711 and, as Charles III, archduke of Austria and king of Hungary. As pretender to the throne of Spain (as Charles III), he attempted unsuccessfully to reestablish the global empire of his 16th-century ancestor Charles V. He was the author of the Pragmatic

Charles III was the king of Spain (1759–88) and king of Naples (as Charles VII, 1734–59), one of the “enlightened despots” of the 18th century, who helped lead Spain to a brief cultural and economic revival. Charles was the first child of Philip V’s marriage with Isabella of Parma. Charles ruled as

Charles III was a Frankish king and emperor, whose fall in 887 marked the final disintegration of the empire of Charlemagne. (Although he controlled France briefly, he is usually not reckoned among the kings of France). The youngest son of Louis the German and great-grandson of Charlemagne, Charles

Philibert Berthelier: …the powerful duke of Savoy, Charles III, to maintain the independence of Geneva.

Charles III was the king of Navarre (1387–1425), eldest son of Charles II the Bad. Unlike his father, he pursued a consistent policy of peace both with Castile (which in gratitude restored certain districts to Navarre) and with France. By the treaty of Paris (1404) Charles not only renounced the

Charles III (or IV) was the duke of Lorraine whose resentment against encroaching French power led to a lifelong fight against France. Charles was the son of Francis, brother of Duke Henry II of Lorraine. Charles married Henry’s daughter Nicole and became duke consort in 1624 when Henry died.

Charles III was the king of Naples (1381–86) and king (as Charles II) of Hungary (1385–86). A leading figure of the Hungarian branch of the Angevin dynasty, he was an astute politician who won both of his thrones by triumphing over rival claimants. Charles was educated at the court of Louis I of

Santa María Island, one of the southernmost Galapagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean about 600 miles (965 km) west of mainland Ecuador. Originally named for the British king Charles II, it is also known as Isla Floreana, but the official Ecuadoran name is Isla Santa María. The island, with

Charles IV was the king of Spain (1788–1808) during the turbulent period of the French Revolution, who succeeded his father Charles III. Lacking qualities of leadership himself, Charles entrusted the government (1792) to Manuel de Godoy, a protégé of the queen, Maria Luisa of Parma. Their adherence

Charles IV was the king of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) from 1322, the last of the direct line of the Capetian dynasty. His inglorious reign was marked by his invasion of Aquitaine and by political intrigues with his sister Isabella, wife of King Edward II of England. After the death of his

Charles IV was a German king and king of Bohemia from 1346 to 1378 and Holy Roman emperor from 1355 to 1378, one of the most learned and diplomatically skillful sovereigns of his time. He gained more through diplomacy than others did by war, and through purchases, marriages, and inheritance he

Charles (I) was the emperor (Kaiser) of Austria and, as Charles IV, king of Hungary, the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (November 21, 1916–November 11, 1918). A grandnephew of the emperor Franz Joseph, Charles became heir presumptive to the Habsburg throne upon the assassination of his

Charles III (or IV) was the duke of Lorraine whose resentment against encroaching French power led to a lifelong fight against France. Charles was the son of Francis, brother of Duke Henry II of Lorraine. Charles married Henry’s daughter Nicole and became duke consort in 1624 when Henry died.

Charles IV (or V) Leopold was the duke of Lorraine and Bar, Austrian field marshal who commanded the forces defeating the Turks before the gates of Vienna in 1683 and subsequently expelled them from most of Hungary. Charles, a nephew of Duke Charles III (or IV), entered the Austrian army in 1664

Henry Cowell: …his wife, Sidney Cowell, wrote Charles Ives and His Music (1955). A number of well-known American composers, including John Cage, Lou Harrison, and George Gershwin, studied with and were influenced by Cowell.

Charles IX was the king of France from 1560, remembered for authorizing the massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew’s Day, August 23–24, 1572, on the advice of his mother, Catherine de Médicis. The second son of Henry II and Catherine, Charles became king on the death of his brother Francis II,

Charles IX was the virtual ruler of Sweden (1599–1604) and king (1604–11) who reaffirmed Lutheranism as the national religion and pursued an aggressive foreign policy leading to war with Poland (1605) and Denmark (1611). The youngest son of the Swedish king Gustav I Vasa, Charles in 1568 was one of

Charles XIV John was a French Revolutionary general and marshal of France (1804), who was elected crown prince of Sweden (1810), becoming regent and then king of Sweden and Norway (1818–44). Active in several Napoleonic campaigns between 1805 and 1809, he subsequently shifted allegiances and formed

Charles VI was the king of France who throughout his long reign (1380–1422) remained largely a figurehead, first because he was still a boy when he took the throne and later because of his periodic fits of madness. Crowned on October 25, 1380, at Reims at the age of 11, Charles remained under the

Charles IV was the king of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) from 1322, the last of the direct line of the Capetian dynasty. His inglorious reign was marked by his invasion of Aquitaine and by political intrigues with his sister Isabella, wife of King Edward II of England. After the death of his

Charles VII was the king of France from 1422 to 1461, who succeeded—partly with the aid of Joan of Arc—in driving the English from French soil and in solidifying the administration of the monarchy. Before ascending the throne he was known as the Dauphin and was regent for his father, Charles VI,

Charles VI was the king of France who throughout his long reign (1380–1422) remained largely a figurehead, first because he was still a boy when he took the throne and later because of his periodic fits of madness. Crowned on October 25, 1380, at Reims at the age of 11, Charles remained under the

Charles was the count of Flanders (1119–27), only son of St. Canute, or Canute IV of Denmark, by Adela, daughter of Robert I the Frisian, count of Flanders. After the assassination of Canute in 1086, his widow took refuge in Flanders, taking with her her son. Charles was brought up by his mother

Charles IV was the king of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) from 1322, the last of the direct line of the Capetian dynasty. His inglorious reign was marked by his invasion of Aquitaine and by political intrigues with his sister Isabella, wife of King Edward II of England. After the death of his

Charles II was the king of France (i.e., Francia Occidentalis, the West Frankish kingdom) from 843 to 877 and Western emperor from 875 to 877. (He is reckoned as Charles II both of the Holy Roman Empire and of France.) Son of the emperor Louis I the Pious and his second wife, Judith, Charles was

Charles II (or III) was the duke of Lorraine from 1545, whose reign is noted for its progress and prosperity. Charles was the son of Francis I of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark. On his father’s death in 1545, his mother became regent for him, and in 1552 Charles was taken to Paris by Henry II of

Charlemagne was the king of the Franks (768–814), king of the Lombards (774–814), and first emperor (800–814) of the Romans and of what was later called the Holy Roman Empire. Around the time of the birth of Charlemagne—conventionally held to be 742 but likely to be 747 or 748—his father, Pippin