Olympic Games: Turin, Italy, 2006: …women’s downhill and super-G by Michaela Dorfmeister, and by the disappointing performance of the American team led by World Cup champion Bode Miller, who was entered in five events but earned no Olympic medals. Michael Greis of Germany won three gold medals in biathlon events, but his success was overshadowed…

Thomas Aloysius Dorgan was an American journalist, boxing authority, and cartoonist credited with inventing a variety of colourful American slang expressions. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) At an early age Dorgan became a cartoonist and comic artist for the San Francisco

Kangxi: Early life: …a Neiwufu (Dorgi Yamun), or Office of Household. The Thirteen Offices, all organized solely by Chinese eunuchs, had been the abomination of the Manchus ever since they had been introduced by the late emperor, to handle affairs of the imperial household, patterned after an elaborate model that had existed under…

Dorgon was a prince of the Manchu people of Manchuria (present-day Northeast China) who played a major part in founding the Qing (Manchu) dynasty in China. He was the first regent for the first Qing emperor, Shunzhi. Dorgon was the 14th of the 16 sons of Nurhachi, founder of the Manchu state, who

Kenny Dorham was an American jazz trumpeter, a pioneer of bebop noted for the beauty of his tone and for his lyricism. Dorham began playing trumpet in high school, attended Wiley College (Marshall, Texas), and was on a U.S. Army boxing team in 1942. In 1945–48 he played in a series of big bands,

Kenny Dorham was an American jazz trumpeter, a pioneer of bebop noted for the beauty of his tone and for his lyricism. Dorham began playing trumpet in high school, attended Wiley College (Marshall, Texas), and was on a U.S. Army boxing team in 1942. In 1945–48 he played in a series of big bands,

Doria Family, leading family in the political, military, and economic life of Genoa, from the 12th century onward. Apparently of feudal origin, from Liguria and Provence, the Dorias first appeared in Genoese records early in the 12th century. Ansaldo Doria was elected consul of the commune of Genoa

São Paulo: From metropolis to megametropolis: In the 2016 mayoral election, João Doria of the PSDB defeated Haddad to take over the city’s top office.

Andrea Doria was a Genoese statesman, condottiere (mercenary commander), and admiral who was the foremost naval leader of his time. A member of an ancient aristocratic Genoese family, Doria was orphaned at an early age and became a soldier of fortune. He first served Pope Innocent VIII (reigned

Doria Family: Ansaldo Doria was elected consul of the commune of Genoa in 1134 and took part in several embassies and military expeditions. His son Simone served six consulships between 1175 and 1188, and one of Simone’s sons, Andrea, married into Sardinia’s ruling family, the Torres, launching…

Doria Family: Domenico Doria, traveler and cartographer, was appointed in 1285 by the Mongols as their ambassador to Europe.

Giacomo Doria was an Italian naturalist and explorer who in 1867 founded the civic museum of natural history in Genoa and conducted important research in systematic zoology. Doria’s first major expedition was to Persia, in 1862. After that, he accompanied the naturalist Odoardo Beccari to Borneo,

Doria Family: Giovanni Andrea (1539–1606), Andrea’s grandnephew, was his lieutenant and heir, serving as Genoese admiral against the Turks in the War of Cyprus (1570–71). He took part victoriously in the Battle of Lepanto (1571), which ended the threat of Turkish supremacy in the eastern Mediterranean.

Doria Family: In 1270 Andrea’s grandson Oberto Doria (died 1295) and Oberto Spinola, member of another great Genoese family, inaugurated a series of two-man governments headed by their families, with dictatorial powers as captains of the people. Ruling for 15 years during what has been termed the golden age of the…

Niccolò Pisani: …Genoese, defeating the distinguished admiral Paganino Doria (1352). A year later, surprising the Genoese fleet, he sank 33 enemy galleys and took 4,500 prisoners, who were later executed. In November 1354, however, Doria surprised him at Portolungo, near Greece. The Genoese admiral’s audacity and tactical skill enabled him to capture…

Italy: Political thought and early attempts at reform: Paolo Mattia Doria (1662?–1746) and the Medinaceli Academy in Naples also employed historical inquiry to seek remedies for society’s ills. Doria revived the idea of a Platonic republicanism of philosophic magistrates, in which an anti-Enlightenment Catholicism would become a kind of civil religion. In Naples…

Doria Family: His son Simone served six consulships between 1175 and 1188, and one of Simone’s sons, Andrea, married into Sardinia’s ruling family, the Torres, launching Doria fortunes in that island. By this time the Dorias had long been leaders of the Ghibelline (imperial) political faction.

Dorian, any member of a major division of the ancient Greek people, distinguished by a well-marked dialect and by their subdivision, within all their communities, into the “tribes” (phylai) of Hylleis, Pamphyloi, and Dymanes. These three tribes were apparently quite separate in origin from the four

ancient Greek civilization: The post-Mycenaean period and Lefkandi: …of these was the “Dorian invasion,” which the Greeks called, or connected with, the legendary “return of the descendants of Heracles.” Although much about that invasion is problematic—it left little or no archaeological trace at the point in time where tradition puts it—the problems are of no concern here.…

Dorian mode, in music, first of the eight medieval church modes. See church

The Bahamas: Independence of the The Bahamas: …were on The Bahamas when Hurricane Dorian, a category 5 hurricane, devastated Abaco, other islands and cays of the Abacos group, and Grand Bahama Island. Minnis called the event “one of the greatest national crises in our country’s history.” At least 74 Bahamians died, and more than 200 others were…

Doric dialect, a dialect of Ancient Greek that in Mycenaean times was spoken by seminomadic Greeks living around the Pindus Mountains. After the Dorian migrations near the end of the 2nd millennium bc, Doric-speaking Greeks were found in the northwest of Greece as well as throughout the Peloponnese

ornament: The Doric frieze is a good case: its origin as an imitation of the effect of alternating beam ends and shuttered openings in archaic wood construction remained evident, but it came to be treated as a decorative sheath without reference to the actual structural forms behind.…

Doric order, one of the orders of classical architecture, characterized by a simple and austere column and capital. See

nudibranch: atlanticus) and the doridacean nudibranchs such as Doris and Glossodoris. See gastropod.

nudibranch: atlanticus) and the doridacean nudibranchs such as Doris and Glossodoris. See gastropod.

Sir Antoine-Aimé Dorion was a statesman and jurist who was joint premier of the Province of Canada (as the attorney general of Canada East) with George Brown in August 1858 and with John Sandfield Macdonald in 1863–64. Dorion was called to the bar in 1842 and was made Queen’s Counsel in 1863. He

France: The Vichy government: The real pro-fascists, such as Jacques Doriot and Marcel Déat, who wanted a system modeled frankly on those of Hitler and Mussolini, soon left Vichy and settled in Paris, where they accepted German subsidies and intrigued against Pétain.

Doris, the alleged mother country of the Dorian conquerors of the Peloponnese. It was a small district in central Greece, lying between Mounts Oeta (modern Oiti) and Parnassus and consisting of a narrow valley nowhere exceeding 4 miles (6 km) in breadth, with only four small townships. Doris had

DESY: The Double Ring Storage Facility (DORIS), completed 10 years later, was designed to collide beams of electrons and positrons at energies of 3.5 GeV per beam (upgraded to 5 GeV per beam in 1978). Now in its third version as DORIS III, this machine is no…

Doris Day: …member and president of the Doris Day Animal League, a lobbying organization for laws regulating the treatment of animals.

Doris Day: …to 1973 she starred in The Doris Day Show, a weekly television series.

Darjeeling, city, extreme northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies about 305 miles (490 km) north of Kolkata, at an elevation of about 7,000 feet (2,100 metres) above sea level. Darjeeling is situated on a long, narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas that descends abruptly to

Dorking, town, Mole Valley district, administrative and historic county of Surrey, southeastern England, southwest of London. It is situated in the valley of the River Mole, between the escarpment of the chalk hills of the North Downs and the wooded heights of Leith Hill. The town is the district

Catherine Deneuve is a French actress noted for her archetypal Gallic beauty as well as for her roles in films by some of the world’s greatest directors. Deneuve was the third of four daughters born to the French actors Maurice Dorléac and Renée Deneuve. She landed a small role in the 1957 film Les

dormancy, state of reduced metabolic activity adopted by many organisms under conditions of environmental stress or, often, as in winter, when such stressful conditions are likely to appear. There are few environments in which organisms are not subject to some kind of stress. Some animals migrate

Switzerland: Recent developments: …during the 1990s about “dormant accounts”—assets left by Jews in Swiss banks during the Nazi era but never returned—a controversy that challenged Switzerland’s image of itself and resulted in a settlement between two large commercial banks and Jewish plaintiffs in which the banks agreed to pay international Jewish organizations…

Islamic arts: Turkey: The Dormen Theatre was founded in Istanbul in 1955 by Haldun Dormen; in the 1971 World Theatre season in London the company performed A Tale of Istanbul, a comedy that included elements of folklore, a puppet show, singing, and a belly dance. The Dormen Theatre also…

dormer, in architecture, a vertical window that projects from a sloping roof and usually illuminates a bedroom. The term derives from the Latin dormitorium, “sleeping room.” Dormers are set either on the face of the wall or high upon the roof, and their roofs may be gabled, hipped, flat, or with

dormouse, (family Myoxidae), any of 27 species of small-bodied Eurasian, Japanese, and African rodents. The largest, weighing up to 180 grams (6.3 ounces), is the fat, or edible, dormouse (Glis glis) of Europe and the Middle East, with a body up to 19 cm (7.5 inches) long and a shorter tail up to

Assumption: …on August 15 commemorating her dormition, or falling asleep. The feast, which originated in the Byzantine Empire, was brought to the West, where the term Assumption replaced the earlier title to reflect increased emphasis on the glorification of Mary’s body as well as her soul. Although the dormition of Mary…

Moscow: The Kremlin of Moscow: The Cathedral of the Assumption is the oldest, built of white stone in 1475–79 in the Italianate-Byzantine style. Its pure, simple, and beautifully proportioned lines and elegant arches are crowned by five golden domes. The Orthodox metropolitans and patriarchs of the 14th to 18th centuries are…

boarding school: Features of boarding schools: Students reside in study-bedrooms or dormitories and have access to a variety of shared spaces: dining rooms, libraries, and common rooms. Other facilities may include gymnasiums, music rooms, and sports fields, among others. Many boarding schools, especially in Europe, were set up by religious orders or missionaries or through royal…

dormouse, (family Myoxidae), any of 27 species of small-bodied Eurasian, Japanese, and African rodents. The largest, weighing up to 180 grams (6.3 ounces), is the fat, or edible, dormouse (Glis glis) of Europe and the Middle East, with a body up to 19 cm (7.5 inches) long and a shorter tail up to

American literature: Experimentation and Beat poetry: Creeley, Robert Duncan, Edward Dorn, and Denise Levertov, treated the poem as an unfolding process rather than a containing form. Olson’s Maximus Poems (1953–68) showed a clear affinity with the jagged line and uneven flow of Pound’s Cantos and Williams’s Paterson. Allen Ginsberg’s incantatory, prophetic “

E.L. James: …as a 2015 film starring Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson as Grey and Steele, respectively. Though subject to the same critical flogging as James’s novels, the movie was highly profitable. Two sequels followed, Fifty Shades Darker in 2017 and Fifty Shades Freed in 2018.

cystic fibrosis: Treatment and experimental therapies: Medications such as dornase alfa, a recombinant form of the enzyme deoxyribonuclease, are given to thin mucus, facilitating its clearance from the lungs through coughing. In addition, bronchodilators can be used to relax the smooth muscles that line the airways and cause airway constriction, making it easier for…

Walter Robert Dornberger was an engineer who directed construction of the German V-2 rocket during World War II. Dornberger enlisted in the German army in 1914 and was commissioned the next year. After being captured by the French, he was released in 1919 and retained in the small army permitted

Dornbirn, town, western Austria, on the Dornbirner Stream, in the Rhine River valley at the foot of the Bregenzer Forest, just south of Bregenz. First mentioned as Torrinpuirron in 895, it belonged to the counts of Montfort from the late 12th century until it passed to Austria in 1380. It received

museum of modern art: History: …by several pioneering directors, including Alexander Dorner in Germany and Alfred H. Barr, Jr., in the United States. Dorner, director (1925–37) of the Landesmuseum in Hanover, was deeply interested in the work of contemporary artists such as Piet Mondrian, László Moholy-Nagy, and Kazimir Malevich and sought to integrate their ideas…

Isaak August Dorner was a German Protestant theologian who sought to interpret Kantian and post-Kantian thought in terms of traditional Lutheran doctrine. The best known of the English translations of his many works is History of the Development of the Doctrine of the Person of Christ, 5 vol.

Claudius Dornier: …in 1929 he introduced the Do X, at the time the world’s largest aircraft. With a wingspan of 157 feet (48 metres) and length of 130 feet (40 metres), the Do X was powered by 12 engines and carried 169 passengers; in 1931 it flew from Germany to New York…

Claudius Dornier was a pioneer German aircraft designer and builder. Dornier completed his education in 1907 at Munich’s technical college and three years later began working for Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin, at the Zeppelin airship factory at Friedrichshafen. In 1911 he designed the first

Claudius Dornier was a pioneer German aircraft designer and builder. Dornier completed his education in 1907 at Munich’s technical college and three years later began working for Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin, at the Zeppelin airship factory at Friedrichshafen. In 1911 he designed the first

Kawai Kanjirō: …characteristics, employing techniques such as doro hakeme (literally, “brush-traits on the mud”), a method of simulating brushstrokes on the clay.

Okiek, a Kalenjin-speaking people of the Southern Nilotic language group inhabiting southwestern Kenya. “Okiek,” a Kalenjin word, and “Dorobo,” derived from a Maasai term, are both sobriquets meaning “hunter.” They refer in a derogatory manner to those who keep no cattle, and hence who are “poor”

leopard’s bane, any plant of the genus Doronicum of the family Asteraceae, consisting of about 40 species of perennial herbs native to Eurasia. They have large flower heads with yellow disk flowers and one row of yellow ray flowers. Some leaves are clustered at the base and others alternate along

Ivan Mazepa: …1663 entered the service of Petro Doroshenko, the Cossack hetman of Right Bank (western) Ukraine.

Ivan Mazepa: …1663 entered the service of Petro Doroshenko, the Cossack hetman of Right Bank (western) Ukraine.

shad: The gizzard shads (Dorosoma), of both marine waters and freshwaters, have a muscular stomach and filamentous last dorsal fin rays. The Atlantic species (D. cepedianum), also called hickory shad and fall herring, ranges through the southern United States. Others are found in the Indo-Pacific and Australian…

shad: cepedianum), also called hickory shad and fall herring, ranges through the southern United States. Others are found in the Indo-Pacific and Australian waters. None is of particular economic value.

Lope de Vega: Works of Lope de Vega: …and poetasters of the day; La Dorotea (1632), a thinly veiled chapter of autobiography cast in dialogue form that grows in critical esteem as the most mature and reflective of his writings; and, listed last because it provides a bridge and key to his plays, the Arte nuevo de hacer…

Cecilia Beaux: By 1898, when she completed Dorothea and Francesca, a compositionally complex double portrait, Beaux had proved herself the rival of John Singer Sargent in the art of fashionable portraiture. Beaux was influenced by the French Impressionists, but her work was not imitative of any master. After moving to New York…

Dorotheus was a jurist, one of the principal codifiers of Roman law under the emperor Justinian I. Dorotheus helped to compile the Digest, or Pandects (published in 533), and the second edition of the Codex Constitutionum (published in 534). With Tribonian (Tribonianus), head of the Digest’s

Dorothy, fictional character, the youthful heroine of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900; film 1939), a book-length tale for children by L. Frank Baum, and most of its sequels. Dorothy’s down-to-earth Kansas upbringing serves her well in the fantastic Land of Oz, where she travels in the company of

Robert Redford: …numerous other awards included the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize (2008) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2016).

Dorothy, fictional character, the youthful heroine of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900; film 1939), a book-length tale for children by L. Frank Baum, and most of its sequels. Dorothy’s down-to-earth Kansas upbringing serves her well in the fantastic Land of Oz, where she travels in the company of

Mihály Csokonai Vitéz: …the first Hungarian comic epic, Dorottya (1799), his most popular work.

Tartu, old university city of southeastern Estonia, on the Ema River. The original settlement of Tarbatu dates from the 5th century; in 1030 the Russians built a fort there called Yuryev. From the 13th to the 16th century, the town was a prosperous member of the Hanseatic League. Then held in turn

Juho Kusti Paasikivi: 14, 1920, signed at Tartu, Estonia, the peace treaty with Russia, after warning his government against trying to take advantage of Russia’s temporary weakness. In independent postwar Finland he became prominent as a banker and businessman.

Friedrich Wilhelm Dörpfeld was a German educator who adapted Johann Friedrich Herbart’s ideas to elementary school use and emphasized the social aspects of traditional school subjects. After attending the Mörs teachers’ seminary, Dörpfeld joined the faculty of a school in Barmen. He remained there

Wilhelm Dörpfeld was a German archaeologist and authority on Greek architecture who excavated the Mycenaean palace at Tiryns (modern Tirins, Greece) and continued the excavation of the famed German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlık, Tur., the site of ancient Troy. After working with

Luther v. Borden: Dorr and providing for white manhood suffrage, took control over northwestern Rhode Island. The Dorr government eventually took military action, but its attempt to seize a state arsenal proved unsuccessful. Meanwhile, the more conservative government declared martial law. A suit arising from the conflict reached…

Luther v. Borden: Dorr and providing for white manhood suffrage, took control over northwestern Rhode Island. The Dorr government eventually took military action, but its attempt to seize a state arsenal proved unsuccessful. Meanwhile, the more conservative government declared martial law. A suit arising from the conflict reached…

Julia Caroline Ripley Dorr was an American novelist and poet, notable for her novels that portrayed young women lifting themselves from poverty through education and persistence. Julia Ripley married Seneca M. Dorr in 1847. She had enjoyed writing verse since childhood, but none had ever been

Thomas Wilson Dorr was an American lawyer and constitutional reformer in Rhode Island who led the Dorr Rebellion (also known as Dorr’s Rebellion) in 1842. As a member of the state legislature (from 1834), Dorr failed in his reform efforts. In 1841 he organized the People’s Party, which called a

Campbell Soup Company: …partnership, and Campbell joined with Arthur Dorrance to form a new firm, which in 1891 was named the Jos. Campbell Preserve Company (incorporated 1901). In 1894 Campbell retired, and three years later Dorrance’s nephew, J.T. Dorrance (1873–1930), joined the company and introduced the idea of condensed soups. The soups with…

Campbell Soup Company: His brother Arthur C. Dorrance became president of Franco-American Food Co., when acquired in 1921, and president of Campbell Soup in 1930. After World War II the company gradually began to diversify by acquiring producers of juice, frozen foods, bakery goods, and candy. It also established subsidiary…

Campbell Soup Company: …three years later Dorrance’s nephew, J.T. Dorrance (1873–1930), joined the company and introduced the idea of condensed soups. The soups with the familiar red-and-white label appeared in 1898 and, after winning the Gold Medallion at the Paris Exposition in 1900, were labeled with that medallion thereafter.

Argentina: Presidency of Rivadavia: …given to a federalist, Colonel Manuel Dorrego. Dorrego was backed by local interest groups whose political spokesman was the great landowner Juan Manuel de Rosas, who had been named commander of the rural militia. Dorrego made peace with Brazil, and in 1828 the disputed eastern province was constituted as the…

Arthur Clennam: …kindly middle-aged man who loves Amy Dorrit, the heroine of Charles Dickens’s novel Little Dorrit (1855–57).

circulatory system: Chordata: …blood is collected into two dorsal aortas that continue forward into the snout and backward to unite behind the pharynx. The single median vessel thus formed branches to vascular spaces and the intestinal capillaries. Blood from the gut collects in a median subintestinal vein and flows forward to the liver,…

human ear: Ascending pathways: …and is divided into the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus. Each cochlear nerve fibre branches at the cochlear nucleus, sending one branch to the dorsal and the other branch to the ventral cochlear nucleus.

human sensory reception: Nerve function: …along the back (in the dorsal columns) of the spinal cord. Afferent fibres enter the cord from the cutaneous nerves and ascend without synaptic break in one (the ipsilateral) dorsal column. This is a very rapidly conducting pathway shared by fibres that mediate sensations of deep pressure and kinesthesis. Other…

cetacean: Locomotor adaptations: …almost all cetaceans possess a dorsal fin that serves as a keel. The dorsal fin and flukes are composed of connective tissue, not bone. Other connective tissue, such as external ears, has been lost, and the male genitalia have moved internally.

nerve: …the posterior gray column (dorsal horn) of the cord or ascend to nuclei in the lower part of the brain. Immediately lateral to the spinal ganglia the two roots unite into a common nerve trunk, which includes both sensory and motor fibres; the branches of this trunk distribute both…

chordate: General features: In chordates the main nerve cord is single and lies above the alimentary tract, while in other phyla it is paired and lies below the gut. Cephalochordates and vertebrates are segmented, as are the annelids and their relatives; however, segmentation in the two groups probably evolved independently. The gill…

human nervous system: Structural components of spinal nerves: …nerve divides into ventral and dorsal rami. All dorsal rami (with the exception of those from C1, S4, S5, and Coc1) have medial and lateral branches, which innervate deep back muscles and overlying skin. The medial and lateral branches of the dorsal rami of spinal nerves C2–C8 supply both the…

ganglion: The dorsal root ganglia contain the cell bodies of afferent nerve fibres (those carrying impulses toward the central nervous system); efferent neurons (carrying motor impulses away from the central nervous system) are present in the ventral root ganglia.

human nervous system: Brachial plexus: …and pectoral muscles include the dorsal scapular (to the rhomboid muscles), suprascapular (to supraspinatus and infraspinatus), medial and lateral pectoral (to pectoralis minor and major), long thoracic (to serratus anterior), thoracodorsal (to latissimus dorsi), and subscapular (to teres major and

ganglion: The dorsal root ganglia contain the cell bodies of afferent nerve fibres (those carrying impulses toward the central nervous system); efferent neurons (carrying motor impulses away from the central nervous system) are present in the ventral root ganglia.

human cardiovascular system: Inferior vena cava and its tributaries: … is drained primarily by the dorsal venous arch, which crosses the top of the foot not far from the base of the toes. The arch is connected with veins that drain the sole. Superficially the lower leg is drained by the large and small saphenous veins, which are continuations of…

Guinea Highlands, mountainous plateau extending from the southern Fouta Djallon highlands through southeastern Guinea, northern Sierra Leone and Liberia, and northwestern Côte d’Ivoire. The plateau is composed of granitic gneisses and quartzite and averages more than 1,500 feet (460 metres) in

human cardiovascular system: The aorta and its principal branches: …ankle, where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery, which supplies the foot.

Dorset, administrative, geographic, and historic county of southwestern England. It is bordered by the English Channel (south) and the counties of Devon (west), Hampshire (east), and Somerset and Wiltshire (both north). The historic town of Dorchester, in the south, is the county seat. The

Dorset culture, prehistoric culture of Greenland and the Canadian eastern Arctic as far south as present-day Newfoundland. It existed from approximately 800 bc to ad 1300. Its name comes from excavations made at Cape Dorset at Baffin Island. Several theories about the origin of Dorset culture have

William Barnes: His first Dorset dialect poems were published in the Dorset County Chronicle (1833–34). His many books include an Anglo-Saxon primer (1849), An Outline of English Speech-Craft (1878), Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect (two series: 1844, 1862), Hwomely Rhymes (1859), and Poems of Rural Life…

golf: The United States and Canada: …formed in 1884; and the Dorset Field Club in Dorset, Vermont, claims to have been organized and to have laid out its course in 1886, although in both instances written records are lacking. The Foxburg Golf Club has provided strong support for the claim that it was organized in 1887…

Charles Sackville, 6th earl of Dorset was a typical courtier of the reign of British king Charles II, a munificent patron to many men of letters, and a friend of John Dryden. Dorset was himself a poet whose satires in heroic couplets anticipated and influenced the style of Alexander

Edmund Beaufort, 2nd duke of Somerset was an English nobleman and Lancastrian leader whose quarrel with Richard, duke of York, helped precipitate the Wars of the Roses (1455–85) between the houses of Lancaster and York. He was a member of the Beaufort family, which in the 1430s obtained