pottery: Pottery factories: The designs of Dorothy Doughty for the Worcester Royal Porcelain Company, in England, and those of Edward Marshall Boehm, at Trenton, New Jersey, established a new development in decorative porcelain. Characteristic of that kind of work are the American birds of Doughty issued in limited editions by the…

Thomas Doughty was an American painter who is noted as one of the first Americans to specialize in landscapes and whose works laid the groundwork for the American landscape tradition and the Hudson River school. In his teens Doughty apprenticed in a tannery in Philadelphia, after which he

Thomas Doughty was an American painter who is noted as one of the first Americans to specialize in landscapes and whose works laid the groundwork for the American landscape tradition and the Hudson River school. In his teens Doughty apprenticed in a tannery in Philadelphia, after which he

Douglas, city, seat (1858) of Coffee county, south-central Georgia, U.S., about 80 miles (130 km) east of Albany. It was founded in 1858 and was named for U.S. Sen. Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, who became Abraham Lincoln’s opponent in the 1860 presidential election. The city is the trading

Douglas, city, seat (1887) of Converse county, east-central Wyoming, U.S., on the North Platte River, 52 miles (84 km) east of Casper. Founded in 1886 with the arrival of the railroad, it was first called Tent Town but was renamed to honour Stephen A. Douglas, Lincoln’s political opponent. It is a

Douglas, city, Cochise county, in Sulphur Springs Valley, southeastern Arizona, U.S. A port of entry (on the Mexican border), it is separated from Aqua Prieta, Mexico, by International Avenue. It was founded in 1901 as a copper-smelting centre and was named for James Douglas, president of the

Douglas, county, west-central Nevada, U.S., adjacent to the lower half of Lake Tahoe and the California border. The first permanent settlement in Nevada was established in 1851 at Mormon Station, renamed Genoa in 1855 (the Mormon Station Historic State Monument commemorates the event). Douglas,

Juneau: In 1970 Juneau merged with Douglas (with which it is connected by a bridge erected in 1935), on the island across the channel, to form the largest city (in area) in the United States, covering 3,248 square miles (8,412 square km). The state’s oil boom precipitated a number of capital-improvement…

Douglas, municipal borough and capital, since 1869, of the Isle of Man, one of the British Isles. It lies on the island’s east coast, 80 miles (130 km) northwest of Liverpool (across the Irish Sea). Low hills encircle the town, penetrated by the valley of the combined Dhoo (Manx, “dark”) and Glass

attack aircraft: …B-26 Invader and the Douglas A-1 Skyraider. All these types were piston-engined, propeller-driven aircraft.

attack aircraft: Douglas A-20 Havoc, which were armed with 20-mm cannon and .30- or .50-inch machine guns. Two other American attack aircraft of the 1940s and ’50s were the Douglas B-26 Invader and the Douglas A-1 Skyraider. All these types were piston-engined, propeller-driven aircraft.

attack aircraft: Navy’s McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, first flown in 1954; and the Ling-Temco-Vought A-7 Corsair, first flown in 1965. The Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II (better known as the “Warthog”), a twin-engine aircraft first flown in 1972, became in the mid-1970s the principal close-support attack aircraft of the U.S.…

history of flight: Airliners: …the period of Boeing’s expansion, Douglas ran into management problems, and while its DC-9 was a spectacular success, it could not match Boeing’s proliferation of designs. Douglas was acquired by McDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1967, forming McDonnell Douglas Corporation, and the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 was created to meet an estimated…

attack aircraft: …1940s and ’50s were the Douglas B-26 Invader and the Douglas A-1 Skyraider. All these types were piston-engined, propeller-driven aircraft.

C-47, U.S. military transport aircraft that served in all theatres during World War II and continued in service long afterward. It was used to haul cargo, transport troops, drop paratroops, tow gliders, and as a flying ambulance. The C-47 was a military adaptation of the Douglas DC-3, a

history of flight: From airmail to airlines in the United States: The DC-2, with an advanced NACA cowling, refined streamlining, and other improvements, mounted Wright Cyclone engines and carried 14 passengers, surpassing the Boeing 247 in every way. Significantly, leading European airlines such as KLM acquired the new Douglas transport, beginning a trend for European operators to…

DC-3, transport aircraft, the world’s first successful commercial airliner, readily adapted to military use during World War II. The DC-3, first flown in 1935, was a low-wing twin-engine monoplane that in various conformations could seat 21 or 28 passengers or carry 6,000 pounds (2,725 kg) of

William Patterson: develop the DC-4, the first airliner equipped solely for passengers. After retiring as president in 1963, Patterson was elected chairman of the board. He held the position until 1966, when he was named director emeritus and honorary chairman of both United Airlines and its parent company, UAL…

McDonnell Douglas Corporation: …most advanced piston-engined airliner, the DC-7, whose range made possible nonstop coast-to-coast service. With the development of commercial jets, however, Douglas began to lag behind Boeing. It was because of its deteriorating financial condition in the 1960s that it sought a merger with McDonnell.

history of flight: Postwar airlines: …appeared in 1956–57 as the DC-7C, known as the “Seven Seas,” which was capable of nonstop transatlantic flights in either direction, and the Lockheed 1649A Starliner, which could fly nonstop on polar routes from Los Angeles to Europe. The Starliner carried 75 passengers at speeds of 350 to 400 miles…

Boeing 707: …however, it also ordered 25 Douglas DC-8s, a similar jet airliner being developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company, which already supplied airlines with most of their piston-engine passenger planes. However, the Boeing 707 was faster than the DC-8, and Boeing was willing to customize the aircraft to meet its customers’…

Robert the Bruce: Consolidation of power: …the later power of the Douglas family on the borders. Robert I also had to restart the processes of royal government, for administration had been more or less in abeyance since 1296. By the end of the reign the system of exchequer audits was again functioning, and to this period…

Douglas fir, (genus Pseudotsuga), genus of about six species of evergreen trees of the conifer family Pinaceae, native to western North America and eastern Asia. The trees are important timber trees, and the strong wood is used in boats, aircraft, and construction. Douglas firs are also grown as

Richard Meier: …received more attention for his Douglas House (1973), an archetypal example of his work, located in Harbor Springs, Michigan. Like much of his work, it features intersecting planes, and, in its crisp geometric whiteness, it provides a sharp contrast to the natural setting that surrounds it.

Douglas scale, either of two arbitrary series of numbers from 0 to 9, used separately or in combination to define qualitatively the degree to which the ocean surface is disturbed by fresh waves (sea) generated by local winds, and by decaying waves, or swell, propagated from their distant wind

Douglas scale, either of two arbitrary series of numbers from 0 to 9, used separately or in combination to define qualitatively the degree to which the ocean surface is disturbed by fresh waves (sea) generated by local winds, and by decaying waves, or swell, propagated from their distant wind

ballad: Romantic tragedies: Thus, “The Douglas Tragedy”—the Danish “Ribold and Guldborg”—occurs when an eloping couple is overtaken by the girl’s father and brothers or “Lady Maisry,” pregnant by an English lord, is burned by her fanatically Scottish brother. Incest, frequent in ballads recorded before 1800 (“Lizie Wan,” “The Bonny…

Aaron Douglas was an American painter and graphic artist who played a leading role in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. After receiving a bachelor’s degree from the University of Nebraska in 1922, Douglas returned briefly to his native Kansas to teach art. By 1925 he had moved to New York City,

Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas was a Scottish commander in the Scottish and French wars with the English in the early 15th century. Son of the 3rd earl, Archibald the Grim, he married Margaret, daughter of the future Robert III of Scotland. As master of Douglas (1400) he defeated Sir Henry

Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas was a Scottish commander in the Scottish and French wars with the English in the early 15th century. Son of the 3rd earl, Archibald the Grim, he married Margaret, daughter of the future Robert III of Scotland. As master of Douglas (1400) he defeated Sir Henry

Archibald Douglas, 6th earl of Angus was a powerful Scottish lord during the reigns of King James V and Mary, Queen of Scots. He was the grandson of the 5th earl, Archibald Douglas (c. 1449–c. 1514). By his second marriage in 1514 to the queen dowager Margaret Tudor, Angus aroused the jealousy of

Archibald Douglas, 8th earl of Angus was a Scottish rebel during the reign of James VI and a strong advocate of Presbyterian government. He was the son of the 7th earl, who was nephew of the 6th, and he succeeded to the earldom at the age of two. The earldom of Morton came to him in 1586. During

New York Rens: Bob Douglas and basketball in Harlem: ) In the United States during the first half of 20th century, when a long list of Jim Crow laws meant to subjugate and humiliate African Americans was still in place in large parts of the country, sports were much…

Evander Holyfield: …scored a third-round knockout of James (“Buster”) Douglas to win the undisputed heavyweight title of the WBA, the World Boxing Council (WBC), and the International Boxing Federation (IBF). After successful defenses against former champions George Foreman and Larry Holmes, Holyfield lost the title on November 13, 1992, dropping a 12-round…

Clifford Douglas was a British economist and originator of the theory of Social Credit. He began a career in engineering and management, but society’s failure to utilize modern technology fully stimulated his interest in economic theories. These were expounded (1919) in The New Age, the socialist

Clifford Douglas was a British economist and originator of the theory of Social Credit. He began a career in engineering and management, but society’s failure to utilize modern technology fully stimulated his interest in economic theories. These were expounded (1919) in The New Age, the socialist

Clifford Douglas was a British economist and originator of the theory of Social Credit. He began a career in engineering and management, but society’s failure to utilize modern technology fully stimulated his interest in economic theories. These were expounded (1919) in The New Age, the socialist

David Douglas was a Scottish botanist who was a traveller and botanical collector in North America and for whom the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, or P. douglasii) and the primrose genus Douglasia are named. After serving as a gardener at the Botanical Garden at Glasgow, Douglas went to the

Saint Kitts and Nevis: Federation and independence movements: …new prime minister, SKNLP leader Denzil Douglas, was a secession movement on Nevis. A referendum was held there in 1998 on the question of independence for the island, but it fell short of the two-thirds majority needed to secede. The nationalized sugar industry continued to slump and, after years of…

Donald Douglas was an American aircraft designer who founded the Douglas Aircraft Company. Douglas assisted Jerome C. Hunsaker in building the first wind tunnel, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (1914–15), and was chief engineer for the Glenn L. Martin Company before

Donald Douglas was an American aircraft designer who founded the Douglas Aircraft Company. Douglas assisted Jerome C. Hunsaker in building the first wind tunnel, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (1914–15), and was chief engineer for the Glenn L. Martin Company before

The Beverly Hillbillies: …the Sun); Elly May (Donna Douglas), Jed’s pretty yet naive daughter, who is courted by various potential beaux from Hollywood; and Jethro Bodine (Max Baer, Jr.), Jed’s wayward, self-centred cousin who believes his sixth-grade education entitles him to a fascinating career (as, for example, a spy, a Hollywood producer,…

Gabby Douglas is a gymnast who, at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, became both the first American to claim gold medals in the team and individual all-around events and the first African American to win the all-around title. Douglas grew up in Virginia Beach, Virginia, where she practiced

Gabby Douglas is a gymnast who, at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, became both the first American to claim gold medals in the team and individual all-around events and the first African American to win the all-around title. Douglas grew up in Virginia Beach, Virginia, where she practiced

Gawin Douglas was a Scottish poet and the first British translator of the Aeneid. As a bishop and a member of a powerful family, he also played an important part in a troubled period in Scottish history. Four surviving works attributed to Douglas reflect his moral earnestness and his command of

Allan Ramsay was a Scottish poet and literary antiquary who maintained national poetic traditions by writing Scots poetry and by preserving the work of earlier Scottish poets at a time when most Scottish writers had been Anglicized. He was admired by Robert Burns as a pioneer in the use of Scots in

Gawin Douglas was a Scottish poet and the first British translator of the Aeneid. As a bishop and a member of a powerful family, he also played an important part in a troubled period in Scottish history. Four surviving works attributed to Douglas reflect his moral earnestness and his command of

George Douglas was a Scottish novelist who was instrumental in the realistic literature movement of the early 20th century. Educated at Glasgow University and Balliol College, Oxford, he was a brilliant student who won many awards. After graduation, he travelled to London to write for metropolitan

Norman Douglas was an essayist and novelist who wrote of southern Italy, where he lived for many years, latterly on the island of Capri—the setting of his most famous book, South Wind. All his books, whether fiction, topography, essays, or autobiography, have a charm arising from Douglas’s

Gordon Douglas was an American filmmaker who was noted for his versatility; he directed popular Our Gang shorts before launching a feature-film career that included musicals, westerns, film noirs, and crime dramas. Douglas acted onstage as a child. He made his way to Hollywood just as sound

Douglas scale: …by the British Navy captain H.P. Douglas and were adopted by the International Meteorological Conference in Copenhagen in 1929.

Helen Mary Gahagan Douglas was an American actress and public official whose successful stage career was succeeded by an even more noteworthy period as a politician. Helen Gahagan attended Barnard College, New York City, for two years before seeking a career on the stage. After a Broadway debut in

James Douglas was a Canadian-born U.S. mining engineer, industrialist, and philanthropist who contributed greatly to the industrial growth and welfare of the U.S. Southwest. He attended the University of Edinburgh for two years, studying medicine and theology. He then returned to Canada, graduating

Evander Holyfield: …scored a third-round knockout of James (“Buster”) Douglas to win the undisputed heavyweight title of the WBA, the World Boxing Council (WBC), and the International Boxing Federation (IBF). After successful defenses against former champions George Foreman and Larry Holmes, Holyfield lost the title on November 13, 1992, dropping a 12-round…

James Douglas, 2nd earl of Douglas was a Scottish leader in wars against the English in the late 14th century. Son of the 1st earl, William Douglas, he married (1371 or 1373) Isabel, daughter of King Robert II. He invaded England (1388), besieged Newcastle for three days, and captured the pennon of

James Douglas, 9th earl of Douglas was the last of the first line of the earls of Douglas, caught in the internal wars of Scotland and the intrigues with the English. He at first attempted to avenge the murder of his brother, the 8th earl; but, deserted by his allies, he was obliged to submit to

James Douglas, 4th earl of Morton was a Scottish lord who played a leading role in the overthrow of Mary, Queen of Scots. As regent of Scotland for young king James VI (later James I of England) from 1572 to 1578, he restored the authority of the central government, which had been weakened by years

Jesse Douglas was an American mathematician who was awarded one of the first two Fields Medals in 1936 for solving the Plateau problem. Douglas attended City College of New York and Columbia University (Ph.D., 1920). He remained at Columbia until 1926, when he was awarded a National Research

William Lauder: …exposed definitively by the scholar John Douglas in 1750. When this occurred, Dr. Samuel Johnson, who had unwittingly supported Lauder’s early inquiries, extracted from him a public confession and apology.

Keith Castellain Douglas was a British poet who is remembered for his irony, eloquence, and fine control in expressing the misery and waste of war, to which he was to fall victim. Douglas’ education at Oxford University was cut short by the outbreak of war. By 1941 he was serving as a tank

Christology: Contemporary Christology: …theological discourse, writers such as Kelly Brown Douglas have argued for a “womanist” Christology that would better reflect the experiences of African American women. In that argument the theme of liberation theology is appropriated to speak meaningfully to the liberation of women. Meanwhile, within Asian American feminist theological discourse, Kwok…

Kirk Douglas was an American film actor and producer best known for his portrayals of resolute, emotionally charged heroes and antiheroes. The son of Russian Jewish immigrants, he was born Issur Danielovitch and later became known as Izzy Demsky before taking the stage name Kirk Douglas. He worked

De Profundis: …impassioned letter to his lover, Lord Alfred Douglas. In the first section of the letter, Wilde records his relationship with Douglas in merciless detail; he rails against his lover’s selfishness and extravagance, accuses him of being the agent of Wilde’s destruction, and turns a cold eye on his own behaviour.…

Margaret Douglas, countess of Lennox was a prominent intriguer in England during the early reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Lady Margaret Douglas was the daughter of Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and Margaret Tudor (daughter of King Henry VII of England and widow of King James IV of Scotland),

rite of passage: Symbolic aspects of ceremonies: …British anthropologists Victor Turner and Mary Douglas paid particular attention to ritual symbols. Turner investigated the use of symbols in rites of passage and other rituals. According to him, the symbols developed and employed within social systems represent oppositions, tensions, and cleavages that rites were designed to resolve. Douglas highlighted…

Alexander Hall: The Columbia years: The comedy featured Melvyn Douglas and Joan Blondell as a husband-and-wife crime-fighting team who spar in the best William Powell–Myrna Loy tradition. I Am the Law (1938) cast Edward G. Robinson against type as a special prosecutor who fights corruption in city government, while Douglas and Blondell reteamed…

Michael Douglas is an American film actor and producer who is best known for his intense portrayals of flawed heroes. Douglas, the son of film legend Kirk Douglas and British actress Diana Dill, received much of his education in filmmaking by accompanying his father to various film locations. After

Michael Keaton is an American actor who began his career in mostly comedic roles but later found success in dramas. Keaton’s notable films included Mr. Mom (1983), Beetlejuice (1988), Batman (1989), Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014), and Spotlight (2015). Keaton studied speech

Michael Douglas is an American film actor and producer who is best known for his intense portrayals of flawed heroes. Douglas, the son of film legend Kirk Douglas and British actress Diana Dill, received much of his education in filmmaking by accompanying his father to various film locations. After

The Defiant Ones: …was cowritten by blacklisted writer Nedrick Young under the pseudonym Nathan E. Douglas.

Norman Douglas was an essayist and novelist who wrote of southern Italy, where he lived for many years, latterly on the island of Capri—the setting of his most famous book, South Wind. All his books, whether fiction, topography, essays, or autobiography, have a charm arising from Douglas’s

New York Rens: Bob Douglas and basketball in Harlem: ) In the United States during the first half of 20th century, when a long list of Jim Crow laws meant to subjugate and humiliate African Americans was still in place in large parts of the country, sports were much…

New Zealand: The David Lange government and Labour’s changing leadership (1984–90): …conflict with the finance minister, Roger Douglas. Douglas was pushing for economic measures, such as a flat-scale tax system and deregulation of the labour unions, that the prime minister considered extreme. Lange dismissed Douglas in December 1988, but in August 1989, with the aim of shoring up Labour’s poor standing…

Dominica: Independence of Dominica: The new prime minister was Roosevelt (“Rosie”) Douglas, who died of a heart attack after eight months in office and was succeeded by Pierre Charles, the DLP’s deputy leader and a former cabinet minister. The DLP retained its majority in a December 2000 by-election in which Douglas’s former parliamentary seat…

Sir James Douglas was a Canadian statesman known as “the father of British Columbia.” He became its first governor when it was a newly formed wilderness colony. Douglas joined the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821 and rose to become senior member of the board, in charge of operations west of the Rocky

Sir James Douglas was the lord of the Douglas family and champion of Robert de Bruce (King Robert I of Scotland). Son of Sir William Douglas (d. c. 1298), who was captured by the English and died in the Tower of London, Sir James was educated in Paris and returned home to find an Englishman, Robert

Stephen A. Douglas was an American politician, leader of the Democratic Party, and orator who espoused the cause of popular sovereignty in relation to the issue of slavery in the territories before the American Civil War (1861–65). He was reelected senator from Illinois in 1858 after a series of

Stephen A. Douglas was an American politician, leader of the Democratic Party, and orator who espoused the cause of popular sovereignty in relation to the issue of slavery in the territories before the American Civil War (1861–65). He was reelected senator from Illinois in 1858 after a series of

Thomas Douglas, 5th earl of Selkirk was a Scottish philanthropist who in 1812 founded the Red River Settlement (q.v.; Assiniboia) in Canada, which grew to become part of the city of Winnipeg, Man. Selkirk succeeded to the Scottish earldom on the death of his father in 1799, all of his elder

Tommy Douglas was a Scottish-born Canadian politician. His family immigrated to Winnipeg in 1919. An ordained minister, he became active in the socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, and he served in the Canadian Parliament (1935–44). As premier of Saskatchewan (1944–61), he led Canada’s

Tommy Douglas was a Scottish-born Canadian politician. His family immigrated to Winnipeg in 1919. An ordained minister, he became active in the socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, and he served in the Canadian Parliament (1935–44). As premier of Saskatchewan (1944–61), he led Canada’s

William Douglas, 1st earl of Douglas was a Scottish lord of the Douglases, prominent in the dynastic and English wars of the 14th century. The son of Sir Archibald Douglas (d. 1333), regent of Scotland, who was killed at the Battle of Halidon Hill, he was educated in France and returned to Scotland

William Douglas, 8th earl of Douglas was a prominent Scottish lord during the reign of James II of Scotland. The so-called Black Douglases, of whom the 8th earl was a member, had lost their lands through accusations of treason; but the Earl recovered Galloway and Wigtown by marriage with his

William O. Douglas was a public official, legal educator, and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, best known for his consistent and outspoken defense of civil liberties. His 36 1 2 years of service on the Supreme Court constituted the longest tenure in U.S. history. The son of a

William O. Douglas was a public official, legal educator, and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, best known for his consistent and outspoken defense of civil liberties. His 36 1 2 years of service on the Supreme Court constituted the longest tenure in U.S. history. The son of a

William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus was a Scottish rebel and conspirator, a convert to Roman Catholicism during the reign of James VI. He joined the household of the Earl of Morton and then, while visiting the French court, became a Roman Catholic; in consequence, on his return, he was disinherited

Sir Alec Douglas-Home was a British foreign secretary from 1960 to 1963, prime minister from Oct. 19, 1963, to Oct. 16, 1964, and, after the fall of his government, Conservative opposition spokesman in the House of Commons on foreign affairs. He was also foreign secretary from 1970 to 1974. As Lord

William Douglas-Home was a British playwright who, in four decades, created more than 40 plays, notably light comedies that often were produced on Broadway and made into motion pictures. Douglas-Home was educated at Eton and at New College, Oxford, and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He

Lepidoptera: Annotated classification: borers Families Gracillariidae and Douglasiidae Approximately 2,000 species worldwide whose larvae have degenerative legs and mandibles; adults with narrow, long-fringed wings often with metallic markings; larvae mostly leaf miners or stem borers, sometimes greatly flattened. Superfamily Hesperioidea 3,500 species worldwide in 1 family; similar to true butterflies,

Andrew Ellicott Douglass was an American astronomer and archaeologist who established the principles of dendrochronology (the dating and interpreting of past events by the analysis of tree rings). He coined the name of that study when, while working at the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Ariz.

Anna Murray Douglass was an abolitionist, an agent on the Underground Railroad, and a mother of five who lived a life of service to her community. In 1838, she married Frederick Douglass, and throughout her life she demonstrated a fierce, steadfast, and unassuming commitment to her family and home

Dorothea Lambert Chambers was a British tennis player who was the leading female competitor in the period prior to World War I. Chambers won the Wimbledon singles seven times (1903–04, 1906, 1910–11, 1913–14), a record surpassed only by Helen Wills Moody in the 1930s. In the 1919 Wimbledon singles

Dinosaur National Monument: …under the direction of paleontologist Earl Douglass of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who discovered the site, removed 350 tons of dinosaur bones from the quarry. This collection included 23 mountable skeletons. Part of the quarry containing the fossil bones was left in place and now forms one wall…

Frederick Douglass was an African American abolitionist, orator, newspaper publisher, and author who is famous for his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. He became the first Black U.S. marshal and was the most photographed

Eddystone Lighthouse: …water and was designed by Sir James N. Douglass.

Chinese architecture: The Zhou dynasty (1046–256 bce): …create traditional Chinese brackets (dougong) or to achieve extension forward from the wall. Roof tiles replaced thatch before the end of the Western Zhou (771 bce), and bricks have been found from early in the Eastern Zhou.

Giulio Douhet was an Italian army general and the father of strategic air power. Trained as an artillery officer, from 1912 to 1915 Douhet served as commander of the Aeronautical Battalion, Italy’s first aviation unit (also the first to practice aerial bombardment, in Libya during Italy’s war with

Ducas family, Byzantine family that supplied several rulers to the empire. First prominent in the 10th century, the family suffered a setback when Constantine Ducas, son of General Andronicus Ducas, lost his life attempting to become emperor in 913. Another Ducas family, perhaps connected with the

Greece: Thessaly and surrounding regions: About 1267 John I Doukas established himself as an independent ruler, with the Byzantine title sebastokrator, at Neopatras, but in expanding his control eastward he came into conflict with Michael VIII, whose attacks he repelled with the assistance of the dukes of Athens and Charles I of…

memento mori: Modern expressions: …movement encompasses end-of-life doulas, “death cafés” that feature informal gatherings to discuss death and dying, blogs and podcasts exploring topics such as mortuary science, and mobile apps that send daily reminders of one’s mortality.