doula, person who is a nonmedical assistant in prenatal care, labour, and sometimes postnatal care. The term is derived from the Greek word for “female slave.” In 1973 American medical anthropologist Dana Raphael used the term doula in the context of breastfeeding by new mothers, the success of

dulce melos, (French: “sweet song”), a rectangular stringed keyboard musical instrument of the late European Middle Ages, known entirely from written records; no original examples are extant. It is possible, however, that the instrument presented to the king of France by King Edward III of England

Alphonse Daudet: Life: La Doulou (not published until 1931) represents his attempt to alleviate his pain by investigating it. With admirable self-control he continued to write books of all sorts and to entertain Parisian literary and musical society. He was a kindly patron of younger writers—for instance, of…

pottery: Stoneware and earthenware: After about 1860 Doultons of Lambeth (London) copied 18th-century brown stoneware, making small figures and repeating earlier designs. The incised decoration by Hannah Barlow is both pleasant and competent. From a Fulham pottery owned by the Martin brothers came grotesque and often amusing stoneware vases that were sometimes…

pottery: Stoneware and earthenware: After about 1860 Doultons of Lambeth (London) copied 18th-century brown stoneware, making small figures and repeating earlier designs. The incised decoration by Hannah Barlow is both pleasant and competent. From a Fulham pottery owned by the Martin brothers came grotesque and often amusing stoneware vases that were sometimes…

Doulton ware, English pottery established in 1815 by John Doulton at Lambeth, London, in association with John Watts and known as Doulton and Watts. The company became Doulton and Co. (Ltd.) about 1858 and remained so until the factory closed in 1956. Doulton was known chiefly for its utilitarian

Doulton ware: …pottery established in 1815 by John Doulton at Lambeth, London, in association with John Watts and known as Doulton and Watts. The company became Doulton and Co. (Ltd.) about 1858 and remained so until the factory closed in 1956.

doum nut, the nut of the doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica), native to Upper Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, and Tanzania. Also called the gingerbread palm, the 15.2-metre (50-foot) tree has a slender trunk and smooth branches, each tipped with a rosette of small, stiff, green, fanlike leaves. The

Amadou and Mariam: …West Africa [now Mali]) and Mariam Doumbia (b. April 15, 1958, Bamako) met at the Bamako Institute for the Young Blind. Bagayoko, who had been blinded by cataracts as a teenager, enrolled at the school in 1975. He learned a number of instruments before focusing on the guitar. Early in…

Guinea: 2021 military coup: Mamady Doumbouya, cited the mismanagement, corruption, and poverty experienced under Condé among the reasons for the coup. The junta suspended the constitution and dissolved the institutions of government and promised to form a transitional government of national unity. While the coup was condemned on the…

Paul Doumer was the 13th president of the French Third Republic whose term was cut short by an assassin’s bullet. In 1889 Doumer was elected as a Radical deputy from the Yonne département, and his reputation as a fiscal expert led to his appointment (1895) as minister of finance in the Cabinet of

Gaston Doumergue was a French political figure whose term as the 12th president of the Third Republic was marked by nearly constant political instability. After service as an official in Indochina and Africa (1885–93), Doumergue was elected as a Radical-Socialist member of the Chamber of Deputies

Perthshire: Doune Castle, belonging to Thomas Randolph, earl of Moray, was built in the 14th century and was a royal palace. It was restored in 1883. Blair Castle, home of the duke of Atholl, is an example of Scottish baronial style, with a 13th-century tower. Among…

Dura-Europus, ruined Syrian city, located in the Syrian Desert near Dayr al-Zawr. Excavations were carried out first by Franz Cumont (1922–23) and later by M. Rostovtzev (1928–37). Dura was originally a Babylonian town, but it was rebuilt as a military colony about 300 bce by the Seleucids and

Marion Davies was an American actor who was more renowned for her 34-year relationship with publishing giant William Randolph Hearst than for her performance career. Nonetheless, she was a popular movie star in the 1920s, and she was particularly admired for her comic talents. Marion’s father,

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest: …Ratched shames Billy Bibbit (Brad Dourif) by asking him why he did not disclose to his mother that he had once fallen in love, Cheswick (Sydney Lassik) and McMurphy ask for a vote on watching the next game in the World Series. This time all the patients in the…

dourine, venereal disease of horses, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma equiperdum. The disease, which involves paralysis, is incurable. Serum tests have largely eradicated it in advanced countries, where a positive test requires the destruction of the animal. Trypanosomiasis, also caused by

Douris was a Greek vase painter of the early Classical period, known for his fine draftsmanship and crisp, clear lines. He worked in both the red- and black-figure styles, and he decorated his vases with many themes. He frequently selected themes popular during the Archaic period, for example, the

Douro River, third longest river of the Iberian Peninsula, draining a catchment area of 30,539 square miles (79,096 square km). Rising in the Sierra de Urbión in Spain, the river crosses the Numantian Plateau in a pronounced bend and flows generally westward for 556 miles (895 km) across Spain and

Douro River, third longest river of the Iberian Peninsula, draining a catchment area of 30,539 square miles (79,096 square km). Rising in the Sierra de Urbión in Spain, the river crosses the Numantian Plateau in a pronounced bend and flows generally westward for 556 miles (895 km) across Spain and

durukuli, (genus Aotus), any of several species of closely related nocturnal monkeys of Central and South America distinguished by their large yellow-brown eyes. The durukuli is round-headed, with small ears and dense, soft, grizzled gray or brown fur. Weight ranges from 780 to 1,250 grams (1.7 to

Johan van der Does was a Dutch statesman, jonkheer (squire) of Noordwijk, poet, and historian who commanded the citizens’ resistance movement during the Spanish siege of Leiden (1573–74); he was also the first curator of the Leiden University. In recognition of his leadership during the siege, as

Suzanne Théodore Vaillande Douvillier was a Franco-American dancer, mime, and probably the first woman choreographer in America. Suzanne Vaillande was apparently an illegitimate child. Little is known of her childhood beyond the conjecture that she may have studied dance in the ballet school of the

TikTok, social media platform designed for creating, editing, and sharing short videos between 15 seconds and three minutes in length. TikTok provides songs and sounds as well as filters and special effects that users can add to their videos. Users also have the option to upload videos from their

Antoine-Thomson d’ Abbadie and Arnaud-Michel d’ Abbadie: …was included in his work Douze ans de séjour dans la Haute Éthiopie (1868; “Twelve Years in Upper Ethiopia”).

Elimelech Of Lizhensk: Elimelech was a disciple of Ṭov Baer, one of the early Ḥasidic leaders, and after Baer’s death he settled in Lizhensk, which subsequently became an important Ḥasidic centre. Elimelech emphasized the importance of the leader (zaddik, meaning “righteous one”), who, he believed, is mediator between God and the people and…

history of flight: General aviation: …De Havilland (later, Hawker Siddeley) Dove arrived in 1945 as a low-wing design with retractable gear and a capacity for 11 passengers. It remained in production through the 1960s, with 554 Doves built, including 200 for military operators. The second aircraft was the Britten-Norman Islander, with headquarters located on the…

dove, any of certain birds of the pigeon family, Columbidae (order Columbiformes). The names pigeon and dove are often used interchangeably. Although “dove” usually refers to the smaller, long-tailed members of the pigeon family, there are exceptions: the domestic pigeon, a rather typical pigeon,

Jhumpa Lahiri: Works in Italian and translations: …2018 she released the novel Dove mi trovo (Whereabouts). She translated the work into English, and during this time she also began translating Italian-language books by other authors. Her translation of Domenico Starnone’s Trick (2018) was a finalist for a National Book Award for translated literature. These experiences inspired the…

pigeon: The rock dove is typically dull in colour—gray and white rump and two large black wing bars; this Eurasian species nests above 5,000 feet (1,525 metres) in Asia. It has been domesticated and selectively bred since 3000 bce with the production of numerous colour variants and…

Guy Butler: …and subsequent verse dramas include The Dove Returns (1954), Take Root or Die (1966), and Cape Charade (1967). Stranger to Europe (1952) contains some of Butler’s first poetry. Other poetry volumes include Selected Poems (1975; rev. ed., 1989), Songs and Ballads (1978), and Pilgrimage to Dias Cross (1987). In 1989…

gastropod: Classification: …lost the mechanisms for boring; dove shells (Columbellidae), mud snails (Nassariidae), tulip shells (Fasciolariidae), whelks (Buccinidae), and crown conchs (Galeodidae) mainly cool-water species; but dove and tulip shells have many tropical representatives. Superfamily Volutacea

dove tree, (species Davidia involucrata), small flowering tree, in the family Nyssaceae, with showy creamy bracts (modified leaves) surrounding the flowers. Native to southwestern China, it has been introduced elsewhere. Pyramidal in shape, with large bright-green leaves, it is especially

Arthur G. Dove was an American painter who was one of the earliest nonobjective artists. Dove graduated from Cornell University in 1903. He began his career as a magazine illustrator, and his early work appeared in Scribner’s, Collier’s, and The Saturday Evening Post. In 1907–08 he traveled to

Arthur G. Dove was an American painter who was one of the earliest nonobjective artists. Dove graduated from Cornell University in 1903. He began his career as a magazine illustrator, and his early work appeared in Scribner’s, Collier’s, and The Saturday Evening Post. In 1907–08 he traveled to

weather forecasting: Analysis of synoptic weather reports: In Europe the writings of Heinrich Dove, a Polish scientist who directed the Prussian Meteorological Institute, greatly influenced views concerning wind behaviour in storms. Unlike the Americans, Dove did not focus on the pattern of the winds around the storm but rather on how the wind should change at one…

Rita Dove is an American poet, writer, and teacher who was the first African American to serve as poet laureate of the United States (1993–95). Dove was ranked one of the top hundred high-school students in the country in 1970, and she was named a Presidential Scholar. She graduated summa cum laude

Rita Dove is an American poet, writer, and teacher who was the first African American to serve as poet laureate of the United States (1993–95). Dove was ranked one of the top hundred high-school students in the country in 1970, and she was named a Presidential Scholar. She graduated summa cum laude

Alice Hoffman: In The Dovekeepers (2011; TV miniseries 2015), Hoffman imagined the 1st-century Roman siege of the mountaintop fortress of Masada—where some 1,000 Jews had retreated after the fall of Jerusalem—from the perspectives of four women.

dovekie, small, black and white seabird of the North Atlantic. The dovekie belongs to the family Alcidae (order Charadriiformes). It is about 20 centimetres (8 inches) long, with a short bill. Its legs and wings are short, and its feet are webbed. It is a proficient diver, feeding on fish,

Dover, district, eastern part of the administrative and historic county of Kent, southeastern England, on the Strait of Dover. The port of Dover is the administrative centre. The history and economy of the district reflect its location as the part of England closest to France. Major routes between

Dover, city, seat (1769) of Strafford county, southeastern New Hampshire, U.S. It is located at the falls (a 33-foot [10-metre] drop) of the Cocheco River, near its junction with the Piscataqua River, just northwest of Portsmouth. Originally settled in 1623 by fishermen and traders, it was known as

Dover, city, capital (1777) of Delaware, U.S., seat of Kent county, in the east-central portion of the state on the St. Jones River. It was laid out in 1717 around an existing county courthouse and jail on the order (1683) of William Penn and was named for the English city. Dover was incorporated

Dover, town (parish) and seaport on the Strait of Dover, Dover district, administrative and historic county of Kent, southeastern England. Situated on the English Channel at the mouth of a valley in the chalk uplands that form the famous white cliffs, Dover is the closest English port to the

Dover Beach, poem by Matthew Arnold, first published in New Poems in 1867. The most celebrated of the author’s works, this poem of 37 lines addresses the decline of religious faith in the modern world and offers the fidelity of affection as its

Robert Finch: Dover Beach Revisited (1961), treating the World War II evacuation of Dunkirk and issues of faith, contains 11 variations on Matthew Arnold’s poem. In another collection, Variations and Theme (1980), Finch describes in 14 poem variations the fate of a rare pink water lily. His…

Dover Castle, medieval fortified castle complex in Dover, Kent, England, looking over the English Channel at the crossing’s narrowest point from a height of 375 feet (114 m) above sea level. It has defended England since the beginning of the Common Era and is one of the largest castles in the

sole: The well-known Dover sole (Solea solea) of Europe is a commercially valuable food fish. The Dover sole reaches a length of about 50 cm (20 inches) and is brown in colour, with darker blotches and a black spot on each pectoral fin. It is found from estuaries…

Rei Kawakubo: …created the high-fashion mecca called Dover Street Market (DSM), originally on Dover Street in London. They based DSM on the concept of London’s now-defunct Kensington Market, a three-story bazaar that catered to subculture fashions from the 1960s until it closed in 2000. Kawakubo curated DSM by inviting a selection of…

Battle of Sandwich, battle that took place in the Strait of Dover on August 24, 1217, that saved England from French occupation, but it has also gone down in history as the first battle fought by sailing ships in the open sea. It is also known as the Battle of Dover. King John of England had

Ben R. Rich was an American engineer who conducted top secret research on advanced military aircraft while working at Lockheed Aircraft Corporation (now Lockheed Martin Corporation) under the alias Ben Dover, which he was required to adopt for security reasons. Rich helped develop more than 25

Strait of Dover, narrow water passage separating England (northwest) from France (southeast) and connecting the English Channel (southwest) with the North Sea (northeast). The strait is 18 to 25 miles (30 to 40 km) wide, and its depth ranges from 120 to 180 feet (35 to 55 metres). Until the

Treaty of Dover, (1670), pact by which Charles II of England promised to support French policy in Europe in return for a French subsidy that would free him from financial dependence on Parliament. There were actually two treaties of Dover in 1670: one, which was secret (and known to only two of

Thomas James Cobden-Sanderson: …founded, with Emery Walker, the Doves Press. The restrained splendour of its books is unsurpassed. The Doves Bible (1903–05) is considered the masterpiece of the press. He and Walker designed an outstanding type, which was based on the roman type of the 15th-century printer Nicolas Jenson. The partnership ended in…

graphic design: William Morris and the private-press movement: …its monumental masterpiece, the 1903 Doves Press Bible, are remarkably beautiful typographic books. They have no illustrations or ornaments; the press instead relied upon fine paper, perfect presswork, and exquisite type and spacing to produce inspired page designs. The Ashendene Press, directed by Englishman C.H. St. John Hornby, was another…

joint: …types of joints include the dovetail, used for joining two flat members together at right angles, as in the sides of a drawer; the dowelled joint, in which dowelling is employed to impart mechanical strength; and the mortise and tenon, used to join a horizontal member with the vertical member…

tapestry: Techniques: Third, the weaver may dovetail his wefts, passing from one side and from the other in turn over a common warp. This may be either “comb” dovetailing—single wefts alternating—or “sawtooth” dovetailing—clusters first from one side, next from the other. Dovetailing has the double disadvantage of making the fabric heavier…

Italian literature: Drama: …Follies of Calandro), by Cardinal Bernardo Dovizi da Bibbiena, and the five racy comedies written by Pietro Aretino. Giordano Bruno, a great Italian philosopher who wrote dialogues in Italian on his new cosmology and antihumanist ideas, also wrote a comedy, Il candelaio (1582; The Candlemaker).

Dovre Mountains, range in south-central Norway. Extending about 100 miles (160 km) from east to west and about 40 miles from north to south, the range is centred about 70 miles southeast of the town of Kristiansund. Composed mainly of layered metamorphic rocks (gneiss and schist), the mountains

Aleksandr Dovzhenko was a motion-picture director who brought international recognition to the Soviet film industry during the 1930s. Emotional intensity and mystical symbolism often took precedence over narrative structure in his films, many of which concerned the Russian Civil War (1918–20) and

Aleksandr Dovzhenko was a motion-picture director who brought international recognition to the Soviet film industry during the 1930s. Emotional intensity and mystical symbolism often took precedence over narrative structure in his films, many of which concerned the Russian Civil War (1918–20) and

Aleksandr Dovzhenko was a motion-picture director who brought international recognition to the Soviet film industry during the 1930s. Emotional intensity and mystical symbolism often took precedence over narrative structure in his films, many of which concerned the Russian Civil War (1918–20) and

dhow, one- or two-masted Arab sailing vessel, usually with lateen rigging (slanting triangular sails), common in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. Bows are sharp, with a forward and upward thrust, and the sterns of the larger dhows may be windowed and decorated. Seafaring has long been a central

Dow Inc. (formerly Dow Chemical Company) is an American chemical and plastics manufacturer that is one of the world’s leading suppliers of chemicals, plastics, and sealants. Headquarters are in Midland, Michigan. Dow Chemical Company was founded in 1897 by chemist Herbert H. Dow of Midland to

Dow, Inc.: Controversies, lawsuits, and bankruptcies: Dow Corning remained under…

Charles Henry Dow: …an American journalist who cofounded Dow Jones & Company, a financial news service, and The Wall Street Journal. His original contributions include the compilation in 1884 of the first average of selected U.S. stock prices that, with some modification, developed into what are known as the Dow Jones averages.

The Dow Jones averages are a group of stock market indexes computed and maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices (a joint venture between S&P Global, CME Group, and News Corp.). The averages are among the most commonly used indicators of general trends in the prices of stocks in the United States. Dow

Dow Jones average: The three Dow averages (plus a composite): The composite average is designed to offer a broader stock market snapshot than…

Dow Jones average: The three Dow averages (plus a composite):

Dow Jones average: The three Dow averages (plus a composite): Dow Jones Transportation Average ($DJT). Launched in 1884 as the Dow Jones Railroad Average, the “Dow transports” is the first index ever created. Today, the index comprises 20 stocks, including major airlines, rail carriers, delivery services, trucking, and car rental companies. Dow Jones Utility Average…

Dow Jones average: The three Dow averages (plus a composite): Dow Jones Utility Average ($DJU). Launched in 1929, the “Dow utilities” consists of 15 water, electric, and renewable power producers, including Duke Energy (DUK), American Electric Power (AEP), American Water Works (AWK), and NextEra Energy (NEE). Dow Jones Composite Average ($DJC). The “Dow composite,” which…

magnesium processing: Electrolysis: …can be obtained by the Dow process, in which seawater is mixed in a flocculator with lightly burned reactive dolomite. An insoluble magnesium hydroxide precipitates to the bottom of a settling tank, whence it is pumped as a slurry, filtered, converted to magnesium chloride by reaction with hydrochloric acid, and…

phenol: Hydrolysis of chlorobenzene (the Dow process): Benzene is easily converted to chlorobenzene by a variety of methods, one of which is the Dow process. Chlorobenzene is hydrolyzed by a strong base at high temperatures to give a phenoxide salt, which is acidified to phenol.

Herbert H. Dow: In 1895 Dow founded the Dow Process Company to electrolyze brine for chlorine (producing caustic soda and sodium hypochlorite) at Navarre, Ohio, soon moving the company to Midland and creating the Dow Chemical Company (1897) to absorb the Midland Chemical and Dow Process. Dow’s chlorine products found application in insecticides…

Arthur Wesley Dow was an American painter, printmaker, photographer, and educator known for his teachings based on Japanese principles of art and for his significant artistic and intellectual contributions to the Arts and Crafts movement. Before he started any formal training, Dow made sketches of

Charles Henry Dow was an American journalist who cofounded Dow Jones & Company, a financial news service, and The Wall Street Journal. His original contributions include the compilation in 1884 of the first average of selected U.S. stock prices that, with some modification, developed into what are

Herbert H. Dow was a pioneer in the American chemical industry and founder of the Dow Chemical Company. Dow first became interested in brines (concentrated solutions of salts and water) while attending Case School of Applied Science (now Case Western Reserve University) in Cleveland (B.S.; 1888).

Herbert H. Dow was a pioneer in the American chemical industry and founder of the Dow Chemical Company. Dow first became interested in brines (concentrated solutions of salts and water) while attending Case School of Applied Science (now Case Western Reserve University) in Cleveland (B.S.; 1888).

Dow Inc. (formerly Dow Chemical Company) is an American chemical and plastics manufacturer that is one of the world’s leading suppliers of chemicals, plastics, and sealants. Headquarters are in Midland, Michigan. Dow Chemical Company was founded in 1897 by chemist Herbert H. Dow of Midland to

Neal Dow was an American politician and temperance advocate whose Maine Law of 1851 presaged national prohibition in the United States. His Quaker parents and his own observations as Portland city overseer of the poor, as well as the excess of drunkenness that was then commonplace, influenced his

Dowa Highlands, central Malaŵi, rectangular formation covering an area of about 360 square miles (930 sq km); they comprise rolling hills crowned by high ridges including the heights of Dowa (5,571 feet [1,698 m]) and Ntchisi peaks. The highlands are bounded on three sides by steep slopes, forming

orphan train program: …first orphan train’s arrival in Dowagiac, Michigan, in 1854 to the last one’s reaching Trenton, Missouri, in 1929. An estimated total of 150,000 to 400,000 children were relocated. Many of those children were genuinely taken in by farm families and were adopted and treated as their own children; for others,…

burakumin: …rival national organization, Dōwakai (Society for Integration), was founded; it came to be led by Liberal Democratic politicians, some of whom were elected to the national Diet. A third organization, the Zenkoku Buraku Kaihō Undō (All-Japan Buraku Liberation Movement), was formed in 1976.

time: Standard time: In 1869 Charles F. Dowd, principal of a school in Saratoga Springs, New York, proposed the use of time zones, within which all localities would keep the same time. Others, including Sir Sandford Fleming, a Canadian civil engineer, strongly advocated this idea. Time zones were adopted by…

Maureen Dowd is an American reporter and Pulitzer Prize-winning op-ed columnist for The New York Times. Dowd is well-known for her sardonic, humorous, and disputatious writing style. Dowd attended Catholic University in Washington, D.C., where she graduated with a B.A. in English in 1973. The

Mollen Commission: …was formed one month after Michael Dowd and five other NYPD officers assigned to two Brooklyn precincts were arrested by suburban Suffolk county police on charges of conspiracy to sell narcotics. Shortly after his arrest, various media outlets reported that Dowd had been the subject of 15 internal corruption complaints…

rhythm and blues: …and, owing to its engineer, Tom Dowd, paid particular attention to the sound quality of their recordings. It introduced some of the top female names in rhythm and blues—most notably Ruth Brown and LaVern Baker—and signed Ray Charles, who had been imitating Charles Brown, and helped him find a new…

Edward Dowden was an Irish critic, biographer, and poet, noted for his critical work on Shakespeare. Educated at Queen’s College, Cork, and Trinity College, Dublin, Dowden became professor of English literature at Trinity in 1867 and lectured at Oxford (1890–93) and Cambridge (1893–96). His

Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding was a British air chief marshal and head of Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain (1940) in World War II. He was largely responsible for defeating the German Air Force in its attempt to gain control of British skies in preparation for a

Western Australia: Western Australia since c. 1950: Peter McCallum Dowding took over the premiership in 1988 in the wake of the WA Inc fiasco and Burke’s imprisonment. Dowding resigned in 1990, and Labor replaced him with Carmen Lawrence, who thus became the first woman premier in Australia. Lawrence inherited the negative fallout…

pin fastener: Hardened and precisely shaped dowel pins are used to keep machine components in accurate alignment; they are also used as location guides for adjacent machine parts and to keep the two sections of a punch and die in alignment.

joint: …sides of a drawer; the dowelled joint, in which dowelling is employed to impart mechanical strength; and the mortise and tenon, used to join a horizontal member with the vertical member of a frame.

dower, in common law, the life interest of a widow of a percentage (typically one-third) of the legal estates in real property owned by her husband at any time during the marriage. Originally there were varieties of dower (not to be confused with dowry) such as dower ad ostium ecclesiae ("at the

John Alexander Dowie was a U.S. evangelist and faith healer who founded the Christian Catholic Church and the City of Zion. Dowie moved with his family to Australia as a boy but returned to Edinburgh to study theology. He entered the Congregational ministry in 1870 as a pastor in Alma, Australia,

dowitcher, any of three species of shorebirds belonging to the genus Limnodromus, family Scolopacidae. The dowitcher has a chunky appearance and a long bill like a snipe and, in breeding plumage, has reddish underparts, giving rise to the alternative names red-breasted snipe and robin snipe (given

Dowlaiswaram, town, northeast-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies on the Godavari River delta, just south of Rajahmundry. Dowlaiswaram is located at the source of the great delta. It was there that the British civil engineer Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton built a dam more than 2 miles

John Dowland was an English composer, virtuoso lutenist, and skilled singer, one of the most famous musicians of his time. Nothing is known of Dowland’s childhood, but in 1580 he went to Paris as a “servant” to Sir Henry Cobham, the ambassador to the French court. In 1588 he received a bachelor of

Afghanistan, multiethnic landlocked country located in the heart of south-central Asia. Lying along important trade routes connecting southern and eastern Asia to Europe and the Middle East, Afghanistan has long been a prize sought by empire builders, and for millennia great armies have attempted

Islamic arts: Eclecticism of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī: …Timurid court of Herāt, where Dowlatshāh (died 1494) composed his much-quoted biographical work on Persian poets. The leading figure in this circle was ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (died 1492), who is sometimes considered the last and most comprehensive of the “seven masters” in Persian literature, because he was a master of…

Dowlaiswaram, town, northeast-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies on the Godavari River delta, just south of Rajahmundry. Dowlaiswaram is located at the source of the great delta. It was there that the British civil engineer Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton built a dam more than 2 miles