criminology: Sociological theories: Neutralization theory, advanced by the American criminologists David Cressey, Gresham Sykes, and David Matza, portrays the delinquent as an individual who subscribes generally to the morals of society but who is able to justify his own delinquent behaviour through a process of “neutralization,” whereby the…

particle accelerator: Linear proton accelerators: …tank a number of “drift tubes.” The electric field is zero inside the drift tubes, and, if their lengths are properly chosen, the protons cross the gap between adjacent drift tubes when the direction of the field produces acceleration and are shielded by the drift tubes when the field…

electricity: Basic phenomena and principles: …field, they acquire some average drift velocity in the direction opposite the field. In conductors of this variety, the drift velocity is limited by collisions, which heat the conductor.

Rachel Maddow: …2012 Maddow published the book Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power, a wide-ranging examination of U.S. military policy from the Vietnam War to the Afghanistan War. In Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth (2019), she posited that the gas and oil…

pneumatic device: Major types of pneumatic devices: …of rock drill, called the drifter drill, is used for horizontal holes in mining operations and tunnel driving. It is mounted on some type of rig or frame and is mechanically fed into the work. Stoper drills are used primarily on up-hole or overhead drilling because of the automatic-feed characteristics.…

John Grierson: …and only personally directed film, Drifters (1929), a study of the lives of North Sea herring fishermen. This film initiated the documentary movement in Britain. He then solicited financial support from business and industry and enlisted the participation of artists interested in realistic filmmaking.

the Drifters, American rhythm-and-blues vocal group that produced a series of chart-topping hits from the early 1950s to the mid-1960s. The Drifters were actually two groups—one built around lead singer Clyde McPhatter, the other an entirely different group that took the name Drifters, to which

Greek literature: Literature after 1922: …novels entitled Akyvérnites politíes (1960–65; Drifting Cities), Stratís Tsírkas masterfully recreated the atmosphere of the Middle East in World War II. In the short story, Dimítris Chatzís painted ironic portraits of real and fictional characters in his native Ioánnina in the period before and during World War II, exposing their…

White River: Its largest tributary is the East Fork White River (sometimes called the Driftwood Fork), which rises from a combination of streams that join near Columbus in Bartholomew county and flows generally southwestward for about 280 miles (450 km) before its junction with the White near Petersburg; the final 50-mile (80-km)…

ceremonial object: Sound devices: the Indian ghanta, or Tibetan dril-bu, a metal handbell with a handle shaken during prayers in order to attract beneficent spirits and to frighten away evil ones, is used particularly during Brahmanic and Mahayana Buddhist ceremonies.

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Drilidae About 80 species, mainly in Europe; larvae prey on snails. Family Elateridae (click beetles) About 7,000 species; widely distributed; can leap when lying on back; adults, plant feeders; larvae sometimes damage plants; examples Pyrophorus, Agriotes, Athous

drill, cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge circular holes in solid material. Usually, drills are rotated by a drilling machine and fed into stationary work, but on other types of machines a stationary drill may be fed into rotating work or drill and work may rotate in opposite

drill, (Mandrillus leucophaeus), large short-tailed monkey found from southeastern Nigeria to western Cameroon and on Bioko Island. As a result of hunting and deforestation, the drill is now highly endangered. The drill, like the related mandrill, was formerly thought to be a forest-dwelling

drill, preparation of soldiers for performance of their duties in peace and war through the practice and rehearsal of prescribed movements. In a practical sense, drill consolidates soldiers into battle formations and familiarizes them with their weapons. Psychologically, it develops a sense of

petroleum production: The rotary drill: …method a special tool, the drill bit, rotates while bearing down on the bottom of the well, thus gouging and chipping its way downward. Probably the greatest advantage of rotary drilling over cable tooling is that the well bore is kept full of liquid during drilling. A weighted fluid (drilling…

petroleum production: The drill pipe: …pipe are extra-heavy sections called drill collars, which serve to concentrate the weight on the rotating bit. In order to help maintain a vertical well bore, the drill pipe above the collars is usually kept in tension. The drilling mud leaves the drill pipe through the bit in such a…

petroleum production: The drill pipe: The drill bit is connected to the surface equipment through the drill pipe, a heavy-walled tube through which the drilling mud is fed to the bottom of the borehole. In most cases, the drill pipe also transmits the rotary motion to the bit…

drill press, device for producing holes in hard substances. The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the workpiece, which is usually clamped in a vise resting on a table. The drill may be gripped in a chuck with three jaws that move radially in unison, or it may have a tapered shank

petroleum production: Deep and ultradeep water: …of floating rig is the drill ship, which is used almost exclusively for exploration drilling before commitments to offshore drilling and production are made. This is an oceangoing vessel with a derrick mounted in the middle, over an opening for the drilling operation. Such ships were originally held in position…

origins of agriculture: The Mughal century (c. 1600 ce): Drill sowing and dibbling (making small holes in the ground for seeds or plants) are old practices in India. An early 17th-century writer notes that cotton cultivators “push down a pointed peg into the ground, put the seed into the hole, and cover it with…

petroleum production: Formation evaluation: …was historically employed was the drill stem test, in which a testing tool was attached to the bottom of the drill pipe and was lowered to a point opposite the formation to be tested. The tool was equipped with expandable seals for isolating the formation from the rest of the…

Antarctica: The surrounding seas: …part of the Deep Sea Drilling Project conducted from 1968 to 1983 by the U.S. government, the drilling ship Glomar Challenger undertook several cruises of Antarctic and subantarctic waters to gather and study materials on and below the ocean floor. Expeditions included one between Australia and the Ross Sea (1972–73);…

petroleum engineering: Branches of petroleum engineering: Drilling engineering was among the first applications of technology to oil field practices. The drilling engineer is responsible for the design of the earth-penetration techniques, the selection of casing and safety equipment, and, often, the direction of the operations. These functions involve understanding the nature…

tunnels and underground excavations: Conventional blasting: …each platform level of the drilling jumbo (a mounted platform for carrying drills). Truck-mounted jumbos are used in larger tunnels. When rail-mounted, the drilling jumbo is arranged to straddle the mucker so that drilling can resume during the last phase of the mucking operation.

drill press, device for producing holes in hard substances. The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the workpiece, which is usually clamped in a vise resting on a table. The drill may be gripped in a chuck with three jaws that move radially in unison, or it may have a tapered shank

drilling machinery, equipment used to drill holes in the ground for such activities as prospecting, well sinking (petroleum, natural gas, water, and salt), and scientific explorations. Drilling holes in rock to receive blasting charges is an operation in tunneling, mining, and other excavating.

drilling mud, in petroleum engineering, a heavy, viscous fluid mixture that is used in oil and gas drilling operations to carry rock cuttings to the surface and also to lubricate and cool the drill bit. The drilling mud, by hydrostatic pressure, also helps prevent the collapse of unstable strata

drilling machinery, equipment used to drill holes in the ground for such activities as prospecting, well sinking (petroleum, natural gas, water, and salt), and scientific explorations. Drilling holes in rock to receive blasting charges is an operation in tunneling, mining, and other excavating.

drill, cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge circular holes in solid material. Usually, drills are rotated by a drilling machine and fed into stationary work, but on other types of machines a stationary drill may be fed into rotating work or drill and work may rotate in opposite

Canellales: Distribution and abundance: Drimys (about 8 species) occurs in Central and South America, from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego; one species is restricted to the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile, where it is one of the most common forest trees. Molecular research supports the separation…

Winteraceae: …species with similar medicinal attributes, D. granadensis, is the only North American member of the family.

Winteraceae: …known is the South American Winter’s bark (Drimys winteri), a 15-metre (50-foot) tree with hot-tasting leaves and bark. The bark was formerly used as a preventive against scurvy. Winter’s bark has leathery elliptic-shaped leaves; red-tinged shoots; and jasmine-scented, cream-coloured, 8- to 12-petaled, 2.5-cm (1-inch) flowers in clusters. A closely related…

Canellales: Economic and ecological importance: Drimys winteri variety chilensis is cultivated in many parts of the world in gardens and arboretums. A small bushy tree in cultivation, it flowers for most of the year and has attractive white-petaled flowers that are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter. The species…

Canellales: Economic and ecological importance: Drimys winteri variety chilensis is cultivated in many parts of the world in gardens and arboretums. A small bushy tree in cultivation, it flowers for most of the year and has attractive white-petaled flowers that are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter. The species…

Albania: Drainage: …river in Albania is the Drin (about 175 miles [280 km]), which originates in Kosovo. Other main rivers are the Seman, Shkumbin, and Vjosë, all of which drain the central part of the western plains. Albania also has many lakes, the most important of which are Lake Scutari (known in…

Drina River, river, central Balkans, southeastern Europe. It originates with the confluence of the Tara and Piva rivers and follows a northerly course 215 miles (346 km) to enter the Sava. Its upper course is through canyons and gorges, while its lower course is wider. The Drina constitutes a large

Vladimir Drinfeld is a Ukrainian-born mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work in algebraic geometry and mathematical physics. Drinfeld attended Moscow State University and the V.A. Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Moscow (Ph.D., 1988). He joined the Institute for Low

Vladimir Drinfeld is a Ukrainian-born mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work in algebraic geometry and mathematical physics. Drinfeld attended Moscow State University and the V.A. Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Moscow (Ph.D., 1988). He joined the Institute for Low

North Macedonia: Drainage: …Macedonia drains northward via the Crni Drim River toward the Adriatic Sea.

alcoholic beverage, any fermented liquor, such as wine, beer, or distilled spirits, that contains ethyl alcohol, or ethanol (CH3CH2OH), as an intoxicating agent. A brief treatment of alcoholic beverages follows. For full treatment, see alcohol consumption. Alcoholic beverages are fermented from the

Catherine Bowen was an American historical biographer known for her partly fictionalized biographies. After attending the Peabody Institute and the Juilliard School of Music, she became interested in writing. Not surprisingly, her earliest works were inspired by the lives of musicians. Her

digestion: Ingestion: As already explained, the nutrients obtained by most green plants are small inorganic molecules that can move with relative ease across cell membranes. Heterotrophic organisms such as bacteria and fungi, which require organic nutrients yet lack adaptations for ingesting bulk food, also rely on…

All 50 U.S. states have set their minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) to 21, although exceptions do exist on a state-by-state basis for alcohol consumption for specific reasons. Each state was allowed to set its own alcohol consumption laws following the 1933 adoption of the 21st Amendment on

drinking horn, ceremonial vessel usually made from the horn of an ox or a buffalo or the tusk of an elephant, with mounts of metal. The earliest drinking horns date from around the early 7th century. The drinking horn was largely replaced by other, more suitable vessels in the 16th century, but

alcohol consumption: Drinking patterns: Patterns of drinking are displayed in a great variety of ways and customs in different parts of the world and among various subgroups and subcultures within larger societies. Based on the presence or absence of subsequent regret and negative consequences, celebratory drunkenness should…

drinking song, song on a convivial theme composed usually for singing in accompaniment to drinking. The form became a standard element in certain types of 19th-century opera and operetta, frequently involving not only a soloist but also a chorus joining in with choral repeats or refrains. In Italy

Della Falls: Named for the wife of Joe Drinkwater, a trapper and prospector who first visited the falls in 1899, Della Falls are formed by the glacier-fed lake. At an elevation of about 3,545 feet (1,080 meters), Della Lake lies deep within the mountainous Strathcona Provincial Park. The falls are surrounded by…

John Drinkwater was an English poet, playwright, and critic, remembered as a typical man of letters of the Georgian age of the 1910s and 1920s. He was a successful promoter of repertory theatre in England and the author of popular chronicle dramas. In 1907 he became manager and producer for the

food preservation: Quality of frozen foods: …a loss of fluid, called drip, upon thawing. This fluid loss causes dehydration and nutrient loss in frozen food products.

horticulture: Water management: Trickle irrigation involves the slow release of water to each plant through small plastic tubes. This technique is adapted both to field and to greenhouse conditions.

Jackson Pollock: Poured works of Jackson Pollock: …the process of pouring or dripping paint onto a flat canvas in stages, often alternating weeks of painting with weeks of contemplating before he finished a canvas. This process allowed him to record the force and scope of his physical gesture in trajectories of enamel or aluminum paint. At the…

electronic music: Establishment of electronic studios: …amusing, however, is Hugh LeCaine’s Dripsody (1955), all the sounds of which are derived from the splash of a single drop of water.

hoodmold, molding projecting from the face of the wall, immediately above an arch or opening whose curvature or outline it follows. The hoodmold, which originated during the Romanesque period to protect carved moldings and to direct rainwater away from the opening, was later developed into an

Agnes Meyer Driscoll was an American cryptologist who served as a code breaker before and during World War II. Her work for the U.S. Navy’s signals intelligence bureau (1919–46) and the Armed Forces Security Agency (later the National Security Agency; 1949–59) earned her the nickname “the first

Song of the South: …little boy, Johnny (played by Bobby Driscoll), who moves with his family from Atlanta to a rural plantation. After his parents argue and his father goes back to Atlanta, Johnny runs away from home. He befriends Uncle Remus (James Baskett), who can seemingly communicate with animals and charms him with…

Arthur Moeller van den Bruck: …German cultural critic whose book Das Dritte Reich (1923; “The Third Empire,” or “Reich”) provided Nazi Germany with its dramatic name.

Bryan Cranston: …supporting roles in the films Drive (2011), Argo (2012), and Godzilla (2014). He played blacklisted Hollywood screenwriter Dalton Trumbo in the biopic Trumbo (2015), and the performance earned Cranston his first Academy Award nomination. In The Infiltrator

drive, in psychology, an urgent basic need pressing for satisfaction, usually rooted in some physiological tension, deficiency, or imbalance (e.g., hunger and thirst) and impelling the organism to action. Some researchers have used the term need synonymously, although others distinguish between

radio: In the United States: “Drive-time” radio had become important after 1960 as morning and evening commutes in most urban areas grew longer, and it continued to be a mainstay, attracting the medium’s largest audiences. Such programs continued to thrive despite decades of competition from broadcast television and increasing competition…

Olga Tokarczuk: Novels and other works: …pług przez kości umarłych (2009; Drive Your Plow over the Bones of the Dead), an environmentalist murder mystery. She received Poland’s prestigious Nike Prize in 2008 for Bieguni and again in 2015 for her historical novel Księgi Jakubowe (2014; The Books of Jacob), which is considered her masterpiece. Told through…

Terrence Malick: …as an uncredited writer on Drive, He Said (1971), directed by Jack Nicholson. His own directorial debut, Badlands (1973), which he also scripted, starred Martin Sheen as a small-town hoodlum who persuades a naive teenage girl (played by Sissy Spacek) to run away with him as he embarks on a…

Margaret Qualley: Other roles in the 2020s: …in Ethan Coen’s 2024 comedy Drive-Away Dolls as Jamie, a young woman who embarks on a road trip after breaking up with her girlfriend. Capers, of course, ensue. Her other credits from 2024 include The Substance, a body horror film centering on an aging actress (Demi Moore) who discovers a…

commercial fishing: Drive-in and lift nets: A drive-in net may be one of those already mentioned or may be specially made, such as the dustpan-shaped stationary gear used in some fisheries in South Asia.

drive: psychologist Clark Hull proposed a drive-reduction theory of learning. In its simplest form, the theory claimed that no learning occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward that would reduce the drive and satisfy its related physiological need. Later research suggests, however,…

driver, computer program that acts as an intermediary between the operating system and a device such as a disk drive, video card, printer, or keyboard. The driver must contain a detailed knowledge of the device, including its set of specialized commands. The presence of a separate driver program

driver ant, (genus Dorylus), any of a large genus of predominantly African ants characterized by a nomadic existence alternating with quiet, egg-laying periods. These ferocious ant colonies, when in the nomadic stage, move to a new spot each day. Taxonomy See also list of ants, bees, and wasps.

fusion reactor: Principles of inertial confinement: …pellet is ionized by the driver beam, and ablation of the ionized material generates a large inward force on the pellet. Recoil from the ablation implodes the inner layer, producing a shock wave that compresses the inner layers of the D-T fuel. The implosion speed is several hundred kilometres per…

Saudi Arabia: Transportation and telecommunications: Women were not permitted to drive for much of Saudi Arabia’s history—until June 2018, when the ban was lifted. The first coast-to-coast road connection, from Al-Dammām on the gulf to Jeddah on the Red Sea, by way of Riyadh, was opened in 1967; it includes a spectacular descent…

Adam Driver is an American actor noted for the off-center intensity and genuineness of his performances on stage and screen. Driver’s parents, both active in the Baptist church, divorced when he was seven years old, and he then moved with his mother to her hometown of Mishawaka, Indiana. After he

Adam Driver is an American actor noted for the off-center intensity and genuineness of his performances on stage and screen. Driver’s parents, both active in the Baptist church, divorced when he was seven years old, and he then moved with his mother to her hometown of Mishawaka, Indiana. After he

Phyllis Diller was an American comedienne and actress who was one of the first female stand-up comics, noted for her zany and raucous personality and self-deprecating humour. Her routine often included barbs about her ineptitude as a mother, her fictitious husband “Fang,” and her looks—she sported

Sonia Sanchez is an American poet, playwright, and educator who was noted for her Black activism. Driver lost her mother as an infant, and her father moved the family to Harlem, New York City, when she was nine. She received a B.A. (1955) in political science from Hunter College in Manhattan and

autonomous vehicle, automobile that employs driver assistance technologies to remove the need for a human operator. There are six stages of automation in automobiles, ranging from fully unassisted manual driving at stage 0 to fully automated self-driving cars at stage 5. Though the terms

Olivia Rodrigo: …she released the single “Drivers License,” which she cowrote. A popular pop ballad about teenage heartbreak, it quickly hit number one on the Billboard Top 100. She became the youngest person at the time to top that chart. The song also broke the Spotify records for the most streams…

traffic control: Traffic elements: …must be considered by the pilot in directing the vessel. Wind also can strongly influence ship movement, both for sailing vessels that use wind for power, and for motorized vessels. Limitations in visibility posed by nighttime conditions, fog, rain, or snow also strongly influence ship control and safety; indeed, environment…

hunting: Hunting methods: Such game must be driven into the open. This may be done with the help of a number of people or dogs or, as in certain parts of India, with the aid of a line of elephants. These methods are known universally as driving, or beating.

driving and coaching, art or sport of controlling and directing draft animals from a coach or other conveyance to which they are harnessed. The animal most commonly employed is the horse, but the mule, ass, ox, reindeer, and dog have been, and still are, used in some areas of the world. Only at the

artillery: Mortars: …Hotchkiss-Brandt type, a prerifled copper driving band, wrapped around the bomb, expanded under gas pressure and engaged the grooves in the barrel.

Driving Miss Daisy, one-act play by Alfred Uhry, produced and published in 1987. The play won the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for drama. It is the story of a friendship that develops over a 25-year period between Daisy Werthan, an elderly Jewish widow living in Atlanta, and Hoke Coleburn, the African

Driving Miss Daisy, American film, released in 1989, that was adapted by Alfred Uhry from his play of the same name and that starred Morgan Freeman and Jessica Tandy. The movie won four Academy Awards, including that for best picture, as well as three Golden Globe Awards, including that for best

Thomas McGuane: It was followed by Driving on the Rim (2010), a freewheeling tale of a small-town doctor.

Paul McCartney: Wings and solo career: …the early 21st century included Driving Rain (2001), Chaos and Creation in the Backyard (2005), Memory Almost Full (2007), New (2013), and Egypt Station, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart in September 2018.

golf: Driving ranges: Driving ranges were developed as commercial establishments at which golfers and aspiring golfers could, for a small fee, practice their swings. They, too, have appealed to golfers in areas in which courses are overcrowded and are especially popular in Japan, where such conditions…

breath analyzer: Driving ability is seriously impaired when the alcohol concentration in the blood exceeds 80 mg per 100 ml.

bike wagon, a lightweight, one-horse, open carriage, having four wheels, almost invariably with pneumatic or solid rubber tires of the same type used on bicycles, and axles with ball bearings. It was designed in the 1890s, one of the last horse-drawn vehicles manufactured, and it included such

breath analyzer: Driving ability is seriously impaired when the alcohol concentration in the blood exceeds 80 mg per 100 ml.

drizzle, very small, numerous water drops that may appear to float while being carried by air currents; drizzle drops generally have diameters between about 0.2 and 0.5 millimetre (0.008 and 0.02 inch). Smaller ones are usually cloud or fog droplets, while larger drops are called raindrops. Drizzle

digital rights management (DRM), protection of copyrighted works by various means to control or prevent digital copies from being shared over computer networks or telecommunications networks. The digitalization of content has challenged traditional copyright laws on two fronts. First, it has

remanent magnetism: …into a sedimentary matrix, producing detrital remanent magnetism. It is hypothesized that the tiny grains orient themselves in the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field during deposition and before the final consolidation of the rock. The magnetism thus introduced appears to persist through later alteration and compaction of the rock,…

Drobeta–Turnu Severin, city, capital of Mehedinți județ (county), southwestern Romania. It is an important inland port on the Danube near the point where the river leaves the Iron Gate gorge. The original settlement was mentioned by the 2nd-century-ad Greek geographer Ptolemy of Alexandria as

Czech Republic: Sports and recreation: Jaroslav Drobny, Jan Kodeš, Martina Navratilova, Ivan Lendl, and Hana Mandlikova head an impressive list of Czechs who have experienced international success in tennis.

Dreux, town, Eure-et-Loir département, Centre région, north-central France. It lies along the Blaise River, northwest of Chartres. Known to the Romans as Drocae, it was held by the Durocasses, a Gallic tribe. It gave its name to a medieval family of counts. François, duc de Guise, defeated the

application lace: , and known as drochel. The fine meshes were hexagonal, the threads of the two longer sides being plaited four times and of the shorter sides twisted. In Brussels application the motifs could be made either by bobbin (an elongated spool of thread) or by needle; in Honiton they…

André Philippus Brink: …’N droë wit seisoen (1979; A Dry White Season; film 1989), in which a white liberal investigates the death of a black activist in police custody. His later works include Houd-den-bek (1982; A Chain of Voices), which recounts through many points of view a slave revolt in 1825; Die kreef…

Martin Droeshout was a Flemish-born English engraver, primarily remembered for his engraved portrait of William Shakespeare, which appeared in the First Folio edition of Shakespeare’s plays (1623). Droeshout and his parents moved to London as Protestant refugees around 1569. Like his father before

Didier Drogba is an Ivorian professional football (soccer) player who was Côte d’Ivoire’s all-time leader in goals scored in international matches and was twice named the African Footballer of the Year (2006, 2009). At age five Drogba was sent to France in the care of an uncle, a professional

Didier Drogba is an Ivorian professional football (soccer) player who was Côte d’Ivoire’s all-time leader in goals scored in international matches and was twice named the African Footballer of the Year (2006, 2009). At age five Drogba was sent to France in the care of an uncle, a professional

Drogheda, urban district and seaport on the southern border of County Louth, Ireland. Drogheda lies along the River Boyne about 4 miles (6.5 km) from its mouth. Drogheda was a stronghold and trading post of the Norsemen in the 8th–11th century and of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century. Two towns

Siege of Drogheda, siege fought in northeastern Ireland from September 3 to September 11, 1649, pitting Irish Royalists against the New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell. The Royalist rebellion that broke out in Ireland against the new English republic in 1649 was met by a prompt English response. On

Jerzy Andrzejewski: …published in his first book, Drogi nieuniknione (1936; “Unavoidable Ways”), originally appeared in a right-wing periodical, with whom he soon severed relations. That volume was followed by the novel Ład serca (1938; “Heart’s Harmony”), in which Andrzejewski tried to find in Roman Catholic teachings solutions to the problems of contemporary…