Blessed Victor III ; beatified July 23, 1887) ; feast day September 16) was the pope from 1086 to 1087. Of noble birth, Dauferi entered the Benedictine monastery of Montecassino, where he changed his name to Desiderius and where in 1058 he succeeded Pope Stephen IX (X) as abbot. His rule at

Western Dvina River, major river of Latvia and northern Belarus. It rises in the Valdai Hills and flows 632 miles (1,020 km) in a great arc south and southwest through Russia and Belarus and then turns northwest prior to crossing Latvia. It discharges into the Gulf of Riga on the Baltic Sea. Its

Daugavpils, city, southeastern Latvia. It lies along the Western Dvina (Daugava) River. In the 1270s the Brothers of the Sword, a branch of the Teutonic Knights, founded the fortress of Dünaburg, 12 miles (19 km) above the modern site. The fortress and adjoining town were destroyed, and then

the man in the iron mask: …for Ercole Matthioli and for Eustache Dauger.

Harry Micajah Daugherty was an American lawyer and political manager for Warren G. Harding who was accused of corruption during his tenure as Harding’s attorney general (1921–24). After receiving a law degree from the University of Michigan in 1881, Daugherty returned to his birthplace and set up a

Marie Webster was an American quilt designer and historian, author of the first book entirely devoted to American quilts. Marie Daugherty was educated at local schools in Wabash, Indiana. Unable to attend college because of an eye ailment, she was tutored in Latin and Greek and read widely. She was

Janet Frame: Her later novels include Daughter Buffalo (1972), an intricately structured work fixated on death; Living in the Maniototo (1979), a surreal exploration of the mind of a woman who appears to have several identities; and The Carpathians (1988), an allegory-laden investigation of language and memory. The latter work earned…

angiosperm: Vegetative structures: …one of the two resulting daughter cells remains in the meristem as an initial cell, and the other cell is displaced into the plant body as a derivative cell. The displaced derivative cell may divide several times as it differentiates (changes in structure and physiology) from a meristemic cell into…

dating: Principles of isotopic dating: …which permits the identification of daughter atoms formed by the decay process in a sample containing radioactive parent atoms. The particles given off during the decay process are part of a profound fundamental change in the nucleus. To compensate for the loss of mass (and energy), the radioactive atom undergoes…

gamma ray: The subsequent relaxation of the daughter nucleus to a lower-energy state results in the emission of a gamma-ray photon. Gamma-ray spectroscopy, involving the precise measurement of gamma-ray photon energies emitted by different nuclei, can establish nuclear energy-level structures and allows for the identification of trace radioactive elements through their gamma-ray…

Isabel Allende: …Hija de la fortuna (1999; Daughter of Fortune), about a Chilean woman who leaves her country for the California gold rush of 1848–49, and Retrato en sepia (2000; Portrait in Sepia), about a woman tracing the roots of her past. El Zorro (2005; Zorro) is a retelling of the well-known…

Gabriele D’Annunzio: …figlia di Iorio (performed 1904; The Daughter of Jorio), a powerful poetic drama of the fears and superstitions of Abruzzi peasants.

Halide Edib Adıvar: …famous novel, Ateşten gömlek (1922; The Daughter of Smyrna), is the story of a young woman who works for the liberation of her country and of the two men who love her. From 1925 to 1938 Halide Edib traveled extensively, lecturing in Paris, London, the United States, and India. On…

Gregory Maguire: …for children, including the fantasy The Daughter of the Moon (1980), the science-fiction book I Feel like the Morning Star (1989), and the picture book Lucas Fishbone (1990). Maguire also wrote a popular seven-book series, The Hamlet Chronicles (1994–2005), featuring the popular titles Seven Spiders Spinning (1994) and Six

Gaetano Donizetti: Success in Paris.: … La fille du régiment (The Daughter of the Regiment), which gained enormous popularity over the years through the performances of the leading sopranos of the day, including Jenny Lind, Adelina Patti, Marcella Sembrich, Emma Albani, and other divas of the 19th century. Later in the same year the Paris…

Gertrude Atherton: …published in book form as A Daughter of the Vine in 1899.) The death of her husband in 1887 released her, and she promptly traveled to New York City and thence in 1895 to England and continental Europe. In rapid succession she produced books set in those locales or in…

Paule Marshall: Daughters (1991) concerns a West Indian woman in New York who returns home to assist her father’s reelection campaign. The protagonist, like those of Marshall’s other works, has an epiphany after confronting her personal and cultural past. The Fisher King (2000) is a cross-generational tale…

John Mayer: …and featured the hit “Daughters,” which was honoured with two Grammy Awards, including song of the year.

Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), one of the first lesbian organizations to be established. Founded in San Francisco in 1955, the organization took its name from a collection of poems written by Pierre Louÿs called Songs of Bilitis. Bilitis was a female character who was romantically associated with

Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (D.C.), Roman Catholic religious congregation founded at Paris in 1633 by St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac. The congregation was a radical innovation by 17th-century standards: it was the first noncloistered religious institute of women

Delphine Seyrig: …in Les Lèvres rouges (1971; Daughters of Darkness), and in Luis Buñuel’s Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie (1972; The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie).

Australian literature: Literature in the 21st century: …Civil War general Daniel Sickles; The Daughters of Mars (2012), a novel about volunteer nurses during World War I; and Shame and the Captives (2013), a fictionalized account of prison breakouts by Japanese prisoners of war in New South Wales during World War II. Tim Winton added the highly regarded…

Marianist: The Institute of the Daughters of Mary, or Marianist Sisters, was also a product of this sodality. The male congregation, which is spread throughout western Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia, is engaged primarily in Christian education. To the usual religious vows of poverty, chastity,…

Salesian: The Salesian Sisters (formally, the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians; F.M.A.) are one of the largest Roman Catholic religious congregations of women, founded in 1872 at Mornese, Italy, by St. John Bosco and St. Mary Mazzarello. Like their male counterparts, the sisters followed Don Bosco’s…

Julia O’Faolain: … (1974), Melancholy Baby (1978), and Daughters of Passion (1982). O’Faolain’s novel Godded and Codded (1970; also published as Three Lovers) concerns a young Irish woman’s sexual adventures in Paris. O’Faolain probed women’s roles in Women in the Wall (1975), a fictional account of Queen Radegund, who in the 6th century…

Grant Wood: …well-known painting by him is Daughters of Revolution (1932), a satirical portrait of three unattractive old women who appear smugly satisfied with their American Revolutionary ancestry.

Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), patriotic society organized October 11, 1890, and chartered by Congress December 2, 1896. Membership is limited to direct lineal descendants of soldiers or others of the Revolutionary period who aided the cause of independence; applicants must have

United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), American women’s patriotic society, founded in Nashville, Tennessee, on September 10, 1894, that draws its members from descendants of those who served in the Confederacy’s armed forces or government or who gave to either their loyal and substantial

Katherine Mansfield: …settings), and the classic “Daughters of the Late Colonel,” a subtle account of genteel frustration. The last five years of her life were shadowed by tuberculosis. Her final work (apart from unfinished material) was published posthumously in The Dove’s Nest (1923) and Something Childish (1924).

Linda Hogan: …in her next two collections, Daughters, I Love You (1981) and Eclipse (1983), emphasize the importance of preserving the environment and cultural heritage. They also meditate on threats such as war and nuclear proliferation. A number of Hogan’s subsequent books—including the volumes of poetry Seeing Through the Sun (1985), Savings…

American Idol: Winners: …performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and Chris Daughtry, a finalist in season five, scored multiplatinum success with his hard rock band Daughtry. Adam Lambert, the runner-up in season eight, had success as a solo artist and also collaborated with the British rock band Queen, replacing deceased singer Freddie Mercury when the…

Lao literature: Modern Lao literature: …history, and culture: Pakian Viravong, Duangdeuan Viravong, and Dara Viravong (pseudonyms Pa Nai, Dauk Ket, and Duang Champa, respectively). An equally important writer was Outhine Bounyavong, Maha Sila Viravong’s son-in-law, who remained a notable writer through the turn of the 21st century; his short stories were translated into English and…

Simanas Daukantas was a historian who was the first to write a history of Lithuania in Lithuanian and a pioneer of the Lithuanian national renaissance. Daukantas studied languages and literature at the University of Vilnius (at Vilnius, former capital of Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire;

Daulat was an important Mughal painter who worked during the reigns of both the emperors Akbar and Jahāngīr and painted under Shah Jahān as well. Born into the imperial service, presumably the son of a painter, Daulat was an unusually skilled portraitist. He is responsible for recording his own

Sindhia family: His grandnephew, Daulat Rao, however, suffered serious reverses. He came into conflict with the British in 1803. After being defeated in four battles by General Gerard Lake, he was obliged to disband his French-trained army and sign a treaty; he gave up control of Delhi but retained…

Daulatabad, village and ancient city, north-central Maharashtra state, western India. It is situated in a hilly upland area about 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Aurangabad. The city was founded in the late 12th century by King Bhillam of the Yadava dynasty, and it was a major fortress and

Orange River: Study and exploration: …Protestant missionaries Thomas Arbousset and François Daumas in 1836.

Honoré Daumier was a prolific French caricaturist, painter, and sculptor especially renowned for his cartoons and drawings satirizing 19th-century French politics and society. His paintings, though hardly known during his lifetime, helped introduce techniques of Impressionism into modern art.

Honoré Daumier was a prolific French caricaturist, painter, and sculptor especially renowned for his cartoons and drawings satirizing 19th-century French politics and society. His paintings, though hardly known during his lifetime, helped introduce techniques of Impressionism into modern art.

New France: In 1671 Simon François d’Aumont (or Daumont, sieur de St. Lusson) at Sault Ste. Marie took possession of all the interior of the North American continent for France as an extension of New France.

Leopold Joseph, Graf (count) von Daun was a field marshal who was the Austrian commander in chief during the Seven Years’ War against Prussia (1756–63). Daun gained field experience during Austrian operations in Sicily (1719), in Italy and on the Rhine (1734–35), against Turkey (1737–39), and

antineoplastic antibiotic: antibiotics include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, bleomycin, mitomycin, and dactinomycin, all of which are derived from species of Streptomyces bacteria. While these drugs may have antibacterial activity, they are generally too dangerous and toxic for that use. Antineoplastic antibiotics are associated with blood cell damage,

Pierre-Claude-François Daunou was a French statesman, theorist of liberalism, and historian. Educated at the local school of the Oratorians, Daunou became an Oratorian himself in 1777, taught in the order’s convents from 1780, and was ordained priest in 1787. During the French Revolution, he was

dauphin, title of the eldest son of a king of France, the heir apparent to the French crown, from 1350 to 1830. The title was established by the royal house of France through the purchase of lands known as the Dauphiné in 1349 by the future Charles V. The title dauphin was derived from the personal

Dauphin, town, southwestern Manitoba, Canada. It lies along the Vermilion River just west of Dauphin Lake, 201 miles (323 km) by road northwest of Winnipeg. The French trader and explorer La Vérendrye visited the lake in 1739 and named it for the dauphin of France. One of the two settlements that

Dauphin, county, central Pennsylvania, U.S., bounded to the north by Mahantango Creek, to the west by the Susquehanna River, and to the south by Conewago Creek. The topography rises from a piedmont region in the south to ridge-and-valley mountains in the north. Other waterways include DeHart

Dauphin Island, island in the Gulf of Mexico, at the entrance to Mobile Bay off the southwest coast of Alabama, U.S., about 30 miles (50 km) south of Mobile. Included in Mobile county, the island is about 15 miles (25 km) long. It was visited in 1699 by the explorer Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, who

Dauphiné, historic and cultural region encompassing the southeastern French départements of Isère, Hautes-Alpes, and Drôme and coextensive with the former province of Dauphiné. The nucleus of the province was the countship of Viennois, the country around Vienne (on the east bank of the Rhône

Dauphiné Alps, western spur of the Cottian Alps (q.v.) in southeastern France, lying between the Arc and Isère river valleys (north) and the upper Durance River valley (south). Many peaks rise to more than 10,000 feet (3,050 m), with Barre des Écrins (13,459 feet [4,102 m]) the highest. The

Paris: Île de la Cité: …the narrow entrance to the Place Dauphine (1607), named for Henry’s heir (le dauphin), the future Louis XIII. The place was formerly a triangle of uniform red-brick houses pointed in white stone, but the row of houses along its base was ripped out in 1871 to make room for construction…

Daur, Mongol people living mainly in the eastern portion of Inner Mongolia autonomous region and western Heilongjiang province of China and estimated in the early 21st century to number more than 132,000. They are one of the official ethnic minorities of China. Their language, which varies widely

Mongolian languages: Daur: Daur is spoken in several places in the northeastern portion of Inner Mongolia. It preserves some unassimilated vowel sequences, and one dialect preserves /h/. It is unique in preserving a complete set of forms of the old verb a- ‘to be’ and in preserving…

Daura: An ancient settlement, the name of which means “blacksmith” in the Tuareg language, it was founded by a queen and was ruled by women in the 9th and 10th centuries. It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people: a well-known legend of western Africa relates…

Daura, town and traditional emirate, Katsina state, northern Nigeria. The town lies in a savanna zone at the intersection of roads from Katsina town, Kano, Zango, and Zinder (Niger). An ancient settlement, the name of which means “blacksmith” in the Tuareg language, it was founded by a queen and

Jean Dorat was a French humanist, a brilliant Hellenist, one of the poets of the Pléiade, and their mentor for many years. Dorat belonged to a noble family; after studying at the Collège de Limoges, he became tutor to the pages of Francis I. He tutored Jean-Antoine de Baïf, whose father he

jackdaw: …replaced by the white-breasted, white-collared Daurian jackdaw (C. dauuricus).

Sue Sophia Dauser was an American nurse and naval officer responsible for preparing the Navy Nurse Corps for World War II and then overseeing the group. She simultaneously worked for parity of rank and pay for female officers and their male counterparts. Dauser attended Stanford University from

Jean Dausset was a French hematologist and immunologist whose studies of the genetic basis of the immunological reaction earned him a share (with George Snell and Baruj Benacerraf) of the 1980 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. After serving with the Free French forces in World War II, Dausset

Jean Dausset was a French hematologist and immunologist whose studies of the genetic basis of the immunological reaction earned him a share (with George Snell and Baruj Benacerraf) of the 1980 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. After serving with the Free French forces in World War II, Dausset

theatre music: Classical developments: …music by a court violinist, Antoine Dauvergne.

Robert Koch: Anthrax research: In 1850 the French parasitologist Casimir Joseph Davaine was among the first to observe organisms in the blood of diseased animals. In 1863 he reported the transmission of anthrax by the inoculation of healthy sheep with the blood of animals dying of the disease and the finding of microscopic rod-shaped…

fern: Annotated classification: …less bean-shaped); 1 genus (Davallia) with about 40 species, distributed in tropical and warm temperate regions. Family Didymochlaenaceae 1 genus with a single species (Didymochlaena truncatula). Family Dryopteridaceae Plants in soil, on rocks, or epiphytic; rhizomes

Davalliaceae, the rabbit’s foot fern family (order Polypodiales), containing a single genus (Davallia) of 65 species. The family is mostly restricted to tropical regions, especially in the Old World. A few species are cultivated as ornamentals in greenhouses, conservatories, and homes, often in

East of Eden: …his brother, Aron (played by Richard Davalos), for the love of his stern father (Raymond Massey), a California farmer. After the family fortunes suffer, Cal develops a plan to regain the lost wealth, but his success only increases tensions.

Davangere, city, central Karnataka state, southern India. It is situated in an upland area just east of the Tungabhadra River. The city is a major road and rail junction. It supports a large-scale textile industry and is a trading center for cotton and grain. The surrounding villages produce

Davangere, city, central Karnataka state, southern India. It is situated in an upland area just east of the Tungabhadra River. The city is a major road and rail junction. It supports a large-scale textile industry and is a trading center for cotton and grain. The surrounding villages produce

Davao City, city, southeastern Mindanao Island, Philippines. It lies at the mouth of the Davao River near the head of Davao Gulf. The city is the leading regional centre for southeastern Mindanao and encompasses about 50 small ports in its commercial sphere. Pakiputan Strait, formed by offshore

abaca, (Musa textilis), plant of the family Musaceae, and its fibre, which is second in importance among the leaf fibre group. Abaca fibre, unlike most other leaf fibres, is obtained from the plant leaf stalks (petioles). Although sometimes known as Manila hemp, Cebu hemp, or Davao hemp, the abaca

Kevin Kline: Sophie’s Choice, A Fish Called Wanda, and The Ice Storm: …look-alike in the political comedy Dave (1993). Kline’s films also included Ang Lee’s drama The Ice Storm (1997) and Frank Oz’s social comedy In & Out (1997). He played Bottom in Michael Hoffman’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1999) and Artemus Gordon in Wild Wild West (1999).

Dave Brubeck: He formed the Dave Brubeck Octet in 1946, employing fellow classmates as band members. The group made several recordings (released in 1951) that reflected Brubeck’s studies in polyrhythms and polytonality (respectively, two time signatures or two keys played simultaneously). The octet recordings sound ahead of their time even…

Dave Brubeck: …trio, which soon became a quartet with the addition of alto saxophonist Paul Desmond. Within several months they attained a measure of national fame, largely by word of mouth among West Coast critics who championed the group’s innovations. Also during this time, Brubeck became one of the first jazz musicians…

John Boorman: Early documentaries, first feature film, and Point Blank: …followed the British rock group the Dave Clark Five through Bristol, using the cityscape as backdrop. Although inspired by the Beatles’ A Hard Day’s Night (1964), it highlighted the director’s innovative style.

Dave the Potter was an American potter and poet who, while a slave in South Carolina, produced enormous stoneware pots, many of which he signed with his first name and inscribed with original poetic verses. Definitive information about Dave’s life is scarce. In 1919 a pot bearing his name and an

Dave the Potter was an American potter and poet who, while a slave in South Carolina, produced enormous stoneware pots, many of which he signed with his first name and inscribed with original poetic verses. Definitive information about Dave’s life is scarce. In 1919 a pot bearing his name and an

Wendy’s: …with the establishment of the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.

Dave Barry: inspired the television sitcom Dave’s World, which aired on the CBS network from 1993 to 1997. The show starred Harry Anderson as a fictionalized version of Barry.

Jean-Abraham-Daniel Davel was a Swiss popular leader, folk hero of the canton of the Vaud, who led the Vaudois separatist movement against the rule of Bern (1723). Annexed by Bern in 1536, the Vaud had long chafed under the administration of Bernese bailiffs when in 1723 Davel became the focus of

Sir William Davenant was an English poet, playwright, and theatre manager who was made poet laureate on the strength of such successes as The Witts (licensed 1634), a comedy; the masques The Temple of Love, Britannia Triumphans, and Luminalia; and a volume of poems, Madagascar (published 1638).

Davenport, city, seat (1838) of Scott county, eastern Iowa, U.S. It lies on the north bank of the Mississippi River and is the largest of the Quad Cities, an urban complex that includes neighbouring Bettendorf to the east and Moline and Rock Island across the river in Illinois. Credit Island, now a

davenport, in modern usage, a large upholstered settee, but in the 18th century a compact desk having deep drawers on the right side and dummy drawer fronts on the left side. The sloping top of the davenport concealed a fitted well, the front of which protruded beyond the drawers and was supported

Grand Rapids: Educational institutions include Davenport University (1866), Calvin College (1876), Aquinas College (1886), Grand Rapids Community College (1914), and Kendall College of Art and Design (1928). Grand Valley State University (1960) is centred in nearby Allendale, and six of the university’s professional colleges—those of business, community and public services,…

Davenport v. Washington Education Association, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 14, 2007, ruled (9–0) that a Washington state law that required public-sector labour unions to obtain the formal permission of nonunion member employees before spending their fees on politically related

Davenport ware, cream-coloured earthenware made by John Davenport of Longport, Staffordshire, Eng., beginning in 1793. Davenport had great success with pierced openwork-rimmed plates, either painted or transfer printed. He produced domestic bone china from 1800 and by 1810 was operating on a large

Charles Benedict Davenport was an American zoologist who contributed substantially to the study of eugenics (the improvement of populations through breeding) and heredity and who pioneered the use of statistical techniques in biological research. After receiving a doctorate in zoology at Harvard

Edward Loomis Davenport was one of the most skilled and popular American actors of the mid-19th century. Three of his finest roles were Hamlet, Brutus in Julius Caesar, and Sir Giles Overreach in Philip Massinger’s comedy A New Way to Pay Old Debts. In spite of family opposition, Davenport went on

Fanny Lily Gypsy Davenport was an American actress who saw considerable success, especially with her own company, on the 19th-century American stage. Davenport was the daughter of Edward L. Davenport, an American actor. She grew up in Boston from 1854 and took naturally to the theatre from an early

John Davenport was a Puritan clergyman and cofounder of the New Haven Colony (now New Haven, Conn.). Davenport was educated at the University of Oxford and later was elected vicar of the Church of St. Stephens in London. Because Holland was more hospitable to Puritans than was England, Davenport

Davenport ware: …ware, cream-coloured earthenware made by John Davenport of Longport, Staffordshire, Eng., beginning in 1793. Davenport had great success with pierced openwork-rimmed plates, either painted or transfer printed. He produced domestic bone china from 1800 and by 1810 was operating on a large scale; the business continued until 1887. Gilding, an…

tennis: The open era: …age of 20) and American Lindsay Davenport, who won titles at the U.S. Open (1998), Wimbledon (1999), and the Australian Open (2000). At the turn of the century, sisters Venus and Serena Williams of the United States emerged as a new force on the women’s tour. Serena won the U.S.…

Thomas Davenport was an American inventor of what was probably the first commercially successful electric motor, which he used with great ingenuity to power a number of established inventions. A blacksmith in Brandon, Vt., Davenport began experimenting with electromagnets after observing one in use

Daventry: district, administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, England. Daventry district’s rich, undulating landscape is predominantly rural, with more than 70 parishes. At the heart of the district is historic Daventry town.

Daventry, town and district, administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, England. Daventry district’s rich, undulating landscape is predominantly rural, with more than 70 parishes. At the heart of the district is historic Daventry town. Nothing is known of Daventry town before Domesday

Delmer Daves was an American writer and director of motion pictures who worked in a number of genres but was best known for his westerns, which include Broken Arrow (1950), The Last Wagon (1956), and 3:10 to Yuma (1957). Daves earned a law degree at Stanford University but decided to pursue a

Delmer Daves was an American writer and director of motion pictures who worked in a number of genres but was best known for his westerns, which include Broken Arrow (1950), The Last Wagon (1956), and 3:10 to Yuma (1957). Daves earned a law degree at Stanford University but decided to pursue a

pruning: …tree surgery is attributed to John Davey of Kent, Ohio, who established a landscaping business there in 1880.

Locke v. Davey: Facts of the case: Jonathan Davey received a Promise scholarship and enrolled in Northwest College (now Northwest University), a private accredited institution located near Seattle that was associated with the Assemblies of God church. Davey, whose ambition was to become a church pastor, chose to pursue a double major…

Minnie Maddern Fiske was an American actress who became one of the leading exemplars of realism on the American stage, especially through her performances in Henrik Ibsen’s plays. Fiske made her New York debut at the age of five and for the next few years played children’s roles—e.g., Eva in Uncle

Frank Sargeson was a novelist and short-story writer whose ironic, stylistically diverse works made him the most widely known New Zealand literary figure of his day. Davey was born into a conservative Methodist family. His father was a businessman who eventually became the town clerk. Davey studied

warship: Armour: Called Davids, they were weak but definite forerunners of the torpedo boat and the versatile destroyer.

David, marble sculpture executed from 1501 to 1504 by the Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo. The statue was commissioned for one of the buttresses of the cathedral of Florence and was carved from a block of marble that had been partially blocked out by other sculptors and left outdoors. After