Rosario de Acuña was a Spanish playwright, essayist, and short-story writer known for her controversial liberal views. Little is known of Acuña’s early life. One of Spain’s few women playwrights, she was considered radical for her willingness to address such issues as religious fanaticism, atheism,

Charles de La Fosse was a painter whose decorative historical and allegorical murals, while continuing a variant of the stately French Baroque manner of the 17th century, began to develop a lighter, more brightly coloured style that presaged the Rococo painting of the 18th century. The greatest

delafossite, metallic, black copper and iron oxide (CuFeO2) that is found as a secondary mineral associated with other oxide minerals of copper and iron in Sonora, Mex.; Pedroso, Spain; and Pfaffenreuth, Ger. It is abundant in Bisbee, Ariz., and also occurs in Nevada and Idaho. For detailed

Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin: A passenger service known as Delag (Deutsche-Luftschiffahrts AG) was established in 1910, but Zeppelin died before attaining his goal of transcontinental flight.

automobile: The age of the classic cars: …Spain and France; the Bugatti, Delage, Delahaye, Hotchkiss, Talbot (Darracq), and Voisin of France; the Duesenberg, Cadillac, Packard, and Pierce-Arrow of the United States; the Horch, Maybach, and

Yves Delage was a French zoologist known for his research and elucidation of invertebrate physiology and anatomy. He also discovered the equilibrium-stabilizing function of the semicircular canals in the inner ear (1886). Delage became a member of the zoology staff at the Sorbonne in 1880 and at

Delagoa Bay, bay on the southeast coast of Mozambique, East Africa, near the South African border. The name probably derives from Baía da Lagoa (Bay of the Lagoon). It is 19 mi (31 km) long and 16 mi wide, with Inhaca Island, a tourist resort, at its mouth and the port of Maputo, capital of

automobile: The age of the classic cars: …and France; the Bugatti, Delage, Delahaye, Hotchkiss, Talbot (Darracq), and Voisin of France; the Duesenberg, Cadillac, Packard, and Pierce-Arrow of the United States; the Horch, Maybach, and Mercedes-Benz

delaine, any high-grade woolen or worsted fabric made of fine combing wool. Delaine was originally a high-quality women’s wear dress material. The word delaine is still applied to a staple all-wool fabric made in plain weave and of compact structure. Delaine sheep, a Merino type, are raised in the

delaine: Delaine sheep, a Merino type, are raised in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Poland, and to a lesser extent in France.

Alor Islands: Pantar Island is high (Mount Delaki rises to 4,324 feet [1,318 metres]), with a rugged coast. The inhabitants speak languages belonging to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) and Alor-Pantar families. Most of the people practice traditional religions, except for some Christian communities along the coasts and some Muslims. Festive occasions often…

Michel-Richard Delalande was a leading composer of sacred music in France in the early 18th century, one of the few composers who asserted any influence while Jean-Baptiste Lully lived. He became a chorister at Saint-Germain l’Auxerrois and learned to play several instruments. An organist at four

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre was a French astronomer who prepared tables that plot the location of Uranus. In 1771 Delambre became tutor to the son of M. d’Assy, receiver general of finances. In 1788 d’Assy built an observatory for Delambre’s use. There he observed and computed almost

Cheshire West and Chester: …the ancient hunting ground of Delamere Forest. Today the Delamere Forest is the largest woodland in the unitary authority, and the Delamere Forest Park, northeast of Chester city, is a popular destination for walking and cycling. Chester’s medieval city walls and entrance gates are well preserved (which is unusual for…

George Booth, 1st Baron Delamere was an English politician who led an abortive Royalist revolt against the Commonwealth government in August 1659. His insurrection foreshadowed the Royalist upsurge that resulted in the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660. Booth sat in the Long Parliament in

Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron Delamere was a leader of European colonists in British East Africa Protectorate (now Kenya). Controversial and outspoken, Delamere was the central figure of the white community in Kenya. He believed that civilization could be brought to Africa only by European

history of photography: Landscape and architectural documentation: In the early 1850s Philip Henry Delamotte was hired to document the progress of the construction of the Crystal Place in London, and a few years later Robert Howlett depicted the building of the Great Eastern transatlantic steamship. Alfred and John Bool and Henry Dixon worked for the Society…

James DeLancey was the lieutenant governor and chief justice of the British colony of New York. The eldest son of Stephen DeLancey, a prominent New York merchant-politician, James was sent to Cambridge and later studied law in London. He returned to New York, where he became a member of the

De Land, city, seat (1888) of Volusia county, northeastern Florida, U.S. It is situated just east of the St. Johns River, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Daytona Beach. The area’s original inhabitants, the Timucua Indians, were driven from the region by the Creek and British by the mid-18th

Margaret Deland was an American writer who frequently portrayed small-town life. Deland grew up in the home of an aunt and uncle in Maple Grove (now part of Allegheny), Pennsylvania, and later in Manchester. She studied at private schools and at Cooper Union in New York City, and for a time taught

Margaret Deland was an American writer who frequently portrayed small-town life. Deland grew up in the home of an aunt and uncle in Maple Grove (now part of Allegheny), Pennsylvania, and later in Manchester. She studied at private schools and at Cooper Union in New York City, and for a time taught

John Thaddeus Delane was the editor of The Times of London for 36 years. Delane, the second son of a distinguished barrister and author, was reared in Easthampstead, Berkshire, where his family was neighbour to John Walter II, owner of The Times. Walter knew young Delane and marked the boy as a

Shelagh Delaney was a British playwright who, at age 19, won critical acclaim and popular success with the London production of her first play, A Taste of Honey (1958). Two years later Delaney received the Drama Critics’ Circle Award for the play’s New York City production. By her own account,

Philippe Starck: For example, in the Delano Hotel (1995) in the South Beach area of Miami Beach, Florida, each room had a metal apple holder affixed to the wall, and the phrase “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” was printed on the holder, promising a daily replenishment of apples.

Jane A. Delano was an American nurse and educator who made possible the enlistment of more than 20,000 U.S. nurses for overseas duty during World War I. Delano taught school for two years and graduated from the Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing in New York City in 1886. She became superintendent

Jane A. Delano was an American nurse and educator who made possible the enlistment of more than 20,000 U.S. nurses for overseas duty during World War I. Delano taught school for two years and graduated from the Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing in New York City in 1886. She became superintendent

John Gregory Dunne: Dunne’s first book, Delano: The Story of the California Grape Strike (1967; rev. ed., 1971), examines the labour and social issues surrounding the grape pickers’ strike of the mid-1960s. The Studio (1969) is a telling portrait of the motion-picture industry as seen through the eyes of the movie…

Bertrand Delanoë is a French politician who served as mayor of Paris (2001–14). He was the first socialist mayor of the French capital in 130 years. He also was one of the first openly gay politicians in Europe to lead a major city. After spending his early years in French-controlled North Africa,

rodent: General features: One of the smallest is Delany’s swamp mouse (Delanymys brooksi), associated with bamboo in the marshes and mountain forests in Africa. It weighs 5 to 7 grams, and the body is 5 to 6 cm long. The largest is the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) of Central and South America, which weighs…

Martin Delany was an African American abolitionist, physician, and editor in the pre-Civil War period; his espousal of black nationalism and racial pride anticipated expressions of such views a century later. In search of quality education for their children, the Delanys moved to Pennsylvania when

Martin Delany was an African American abolitionist, physician, and editor in the pre-Civil War period; his espousal of black nationalism and racial pride anticipated expressions of such views a century later. In search of quality education for their children, the Delanys moved to Pennsylvania when

Samuel R. Delany is an American science-fiction novelist and critic whose highly imaginative works address sexual, racial, and social issues, heroic quests, and the nature of language. Delany attended City College of New York (part of City University of New York) in the early 1960s. His first

Samuel R. Delany is an American science-fiction novelist and critic whose highly imaginative works address sexual, racial, and social issues, heroic quests, and the nature of language. Delany attended City College of New York (part of City University of New York) in the early 1960s. His first

rodent: General features: One of the smallest is Delany’s swamp mouse (Delanymys brooksi), associated with bamboo in the marshes and mountain forests in Africa. It weighs 5 to 7 grams, and the body is 5 to 6 cm long. The largest is the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) of Central and South America, which weighs…

Apiales: Other families: …19 species in two genera, Delarbrea and Myodocarpus, all of which are located in New Caledonia.

Jacobus Hercules de la Rey was a talented and popular Boer leader in the South African War (1899–1902). De la Rey gained military experience in the Transvaal’s attacks on African groups and represented Lichtenburg in the Volksraad (parliament), opposing Pres. Paul Kruger. On the outbreak of the

Paul Delaroche was a painter whose painstakingly realistic historical subjects made him one of the most successful academic artists of mid-19th-century France. Delaroche’s father was an art expert, his uncle was curator of the Cabinet des Estampes, and his brother was the painter Jules-Hippolyte

Paul Delaroche was a painter whose painstakingly realistic historical subjects made him one of the most successful academic artists of mid-19th-century France. Delaroche’s father was an art expert, his uncle was curator of the Cabinet des Estampes, and his brother was the painter Jules-Hippolyte

delator, ancient Roman prosecutor or informer. The role of the informer in matters of criminal law and fiscal claims was of singular importance to the maintenance of order in Roman society, which was without an adequate police force or public prosecutor. Rewards ranged from pecuniary awards and

printmaking: France: …figure of this school was Étienne Delaune. Although his motifs were influenced by those employed by Raphael for his fresco wall paintings in the Vatican, Delaune nonetheless achieved a personal style.

Charles-Eugène Delaunay was a French mathematician and astronomer whose theory of lunar motion advanced the development of planetary-motion theories. Delaunay was educated as an engineer at the École des Mines from 1836, becoming an engineer in 1843 and chief engineer in 1858. He studied

Robert Delaunay was a French painter who first introduced vibrant colour into Cubism and thereby originated the trend in Cubist painting known as Orphism (q.v.). He was one of the earliest completely nonrepresentational painters, and his work affected the development of abstract art based on the

Sonia Delaunay was a Russian painter, illustrator, and textile designer who was a pioneer of abstract art in the years before World War I. Delaunay grew up in St. Petersburg. She studied drawing in Karlsruhe, Germany, and in 1905 moved to Paris, where she was influenced by the Post-Impressionists

printmaking: France: …figure of this school was Étienne Delaune. Although his motifs were influenced by those employed by Raphael for his fresco wall paintings in the Vatican, Delaune nonetheless achieved a personal style.

circus: History: …Ringlings’ cousins the Gollmar Brothers; Delavan, Wisconsin, home to more than a dozen circuses; and Bridgeport, Connecticut, which for nearly 50 years served as headquarters for Barnum’s “Greatest Show on Earth,” until the Ringlings moved the operations of the combined show to Sarasota, Florida, in 1927.

Romanian literature: The 20th century: Similarly, Barbu Ştefănescu Delavrancea created the historical national drama that played such an important role in the formation of national identity throughout the 20th century. Moses Gaster pioneered modern Romanian folklore research.

Delaware, a confederation of Algonquian-speaking North American Indians who occupied the Atlantic seaboard from Cape Henlopen, Delaware, to western Long Island. Before colonization, they were especially concentrated in the Delaware River valley, for which the confederation was named. However, the

Delaware, county, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., located southwest of Philadelphia and bounded to the east by Cobbs Creek and to the south by New Jersey and Delaware, the Delaware River constituting the border. Ridley Creek State Park is located on Ridley Creek near Springton Reservoir. In 1682

Delaware, city, seat (1808) of Delaware county, central Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Olentangy River, 25 miles (40 km) north of Columbus. The Delaware Indians had a village in the vicinity before Col. Moses Byxbe of Massachusetts settled on the east bank of the river in 1804. The town was laid out

Delaware, county, south-central New York state, U.S., bordered by the Susquehanna River to the northwest and Pennsylvania to the southwest, the Delaware River constituting the boundary. The mountainous terrain is drained mainly by the west and east branches of the Delaware River. Other bodies of

Delaware, constituent state of the United States of America. The first of the original 13 states to ratify the federal Constitution, it occupies a small niche in the Boston–Washington, D.C., urban corridor along the Middle Atlantic seaboard. It ranks 49th among the 50 U.S. states in terms of total

John Bloomfield Jervis: …became chief engineer for the Delaware and Hudson Canal project, which was designed to carry coal from Pennsylvania to New York City via the Hudson River. This project consisted of building and linking together a 174-km (108-mile) canal and a 26-km (16-mile) railway, which involved the construction of numerous bridges…

railroad: Early American railroads: But on the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, where the Stourbridge Lion ran, as on the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, the first in Canada, Stephenson locomotives proved unsuited to the crude track and quickly derailed. The British locomotive had virtually no constructive impact on North American locomotives. The…

Delaware Aqueduct, circular tunnel, part of the system that supplies water to New York City from the Delaware River near its source and from other streams in the Catskill Mountains. The Delaware Aqueduct is the longest tunnel in the world and carries about half of New York City’s drinking water

Permian Period: Basin sedimentation: …intracratonic basins—such as the Anadarko, Delaware, and Midland basins in the western United States; the Zechstein Basin of northwestern Europe; and the Kazan Basin of eastern Europe—show similar general changes. In most basins the inner parts became sites of red bed deposition during the Early Permian, followed by periods of…

Delaware Bay, inlet of the North Atlantic Ocean, on the east coast of the United States, forming part of the New Jersey–Delaware state border. The bay extends southeastward for 52 miles (84 km) from the junction of the Delaware River with the Alloway Creek to the entrance (12 miles [19 km] wide)

University of Delaware, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Newark, Del., U.S. It also offers courses at other sites, including Wilmington, Dover, Georgetown, and Lewes. The university consists of seven colleges offering a curriculum in the arts, sciences, agriculture, business,

Widener University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S. It comprises schools of arts and sciences; law; education, innovation, and continuing studies; hospitality management; human service professions; engineering; nursing; and business

Delaware River, river of the Atlantic slope of the United States, meeting tidewater at Trenton, New Jersey, about 130 miles (210 km) above its mouth. Its total length (including the longest branch) is about 405 miles (650 km), and the river drains an area of 11,440 square miles (29,630 square km).

Delaware River: …Incodel were absorbed by the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC), the body established the previous year to replace it. The DRBC—which included the four basin state governors and the division engineer of the regional U.S. Army Corps of Engineers—was the first equal partnership between federal and state governments in river…

Delaware State University, public, coeducational historically black institution of higher learning in Dover, Del., U.S. It is a land-grant university consisting of a College of Arts and Sciences and schools of Management; Education and Professional Studies, including aviation, education, and

Delaware: Education: Delaware Technical and Community College, founded by the state in 1967, maintains campuses in all three counties. The Delaware campus of the Widener University law school (1971; affiliated with Widener since 1975) is located north of Wilmington. Other private colleges include Wilmington College (1968); Goldey-Beacom…

George Inness: …Water Gap (1861) and the Delaware Valley (1865). His characteristic small canvases from this period show that he was no longer strictly preoccupied with the carefully rendered detail of the Hudson River school but instead began to explore light and colour in the manner of Camille Corot and the French…

George Inness: …with works such as the Delaware Water Gap (1861) and the Delaware Valley (1865). His characteristic small canvases from this period show that he was no longer strictly preoccupied with the carefully rendered detail of the Hudson River school but instead began to explore light and colour in the manner…

U.S. state flag consisting of a blue field (background) with a buff (light tan) diamond bearing a central coat of arms above the inscription “December 7, 1787.”During the Revolutionary War (1775–83) distinctive colours were carried by troops from Delaware, but an official state flag was not adopted

Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, American railroad built to carry coal from the anthracite fields of northeastern Pennsylvania. Originally known as Ligget’s Gap Railroad, it was chartered in 1851 as the Lackawanna and Western. Eventually it ran from the Lackawanna Valley in

Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, American railroad whose growth was based on hauling coal from the anthracite mines of northeastern Pennsylvania. Originally founded in 1846 as the Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, and Susquehanna Railroad Company, it changed its name to Lehigh Valley in 1853. It

Thomas West, 12th Baron De La Warr was one of the English founders of Virginia, for whom Delaware Bay, the Delaware River, and the state of Delaware were named. The son of Thomas West, the 11th Baron (c. 1556–1602), the younger West fought in the Netherlands and in Ireland under Robert Devereux,

University of Delaware, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Newark, Del., U.S. It also offers courses at other sites, including Wilmington, Dover, Georgetown, and Lewes. The university consists of seven colleges offering a curriculum in the arts, sciences, agriculture, business,

television: SECAM: …device is known as a delay line; it holds the information of each line scan for 64 microseconds, the time required to complete the next line scan. To match successive pairs of lines, an electronic switch is also needed. When the use of delay lines was first proposed, such lines…

delay of gratification, the act of resisting an impulse to take an immediately available reward in the hope of obtaining a more-valued reward in the future. The ability to delay gratification is essential to self-regulation, or self-control. To study the conditions that promote delay of

explosive: Delay systems: Delay, or rotational, shooting has many advantages over instantaneous firing in almost all types of blasting. It generally gives better fragmentation, more efficient use of the explosive, reduced vibration and concussion, and better control of the rock. For these, and sometimes other reasons,…

French literature: Historical fiction: …the censor for 11 years; Florence Delay in her stylish novel L’Insuccès de la fête (1980; “The Failure of the Feast”); and, especially, Nobel Prize-winning author Claude Simon, many of whose works, notably La Route des Flandres (1960; The Flanders Road), Histoire (1967; “Tale”; Eng. trans. Histoire), and Les Géorgiques…

Tom DeLay is an American Republican politician who served as a representative from Texas in the U.S. House of Representatives (1985–2006). He served as majority whip (1995–2003) and majority leader (2003–06) but resigned from the House in June 2006 in the face of corruption charges. DeLay spent a

Tom DeLay is an American Republican politician who served as a representative from Texas in the U.S. House of Representatives (1985–2006). He served as majority whip (1995–2003) and majority leader (2003–06) but resigned from the House in June 2006 in the face of corruption charges. DeLay spent a

immune system disorder: Type IV hypersensitivity: Type IV hypersensitivity is a cell-mediated immune reaction. In other words, it does not involve the participation of antibodies but is due primarily to the interaction of T cells with antigens. Reactions of this kind depend on the presence in the circulation…

nuclear weapon: Residual radiation and fallout: Delayed fallout, which arrives after the first day, consists of microscopic particles that are dispersed by prevailing winds and settle in low concentrations over possibly extensive portions of Earth’s surface.

Walter Mischel: …for his groundbreaking study on delayed gratification known as “the marshmallow test.”

immune system disorder: Type IV hypersensitivity: Type IV hypersensitivity is a cell-mediated immune reaction. In other words, it does not involve the participation of antibodies but is due primarily to the interaction of T cells with antigens. Reactions of this kind depend on the presence in the circulation…

bear: Natural history: …dormant in the uterus (delayed implantation), which ensures the birth of young while the female is in the winter den and guarantees that the cubs will emerge from the den in the spring, when food is abundant. Ursids breed once per year at most, and many bears breed only…

Russian literature: Literature under Soviet rule: …after they were written (“delayed” literature). Moreover, literature publishable at one time often lost favour later; although nominally acceptable, it was frequently unobtainable. On many occasions, even officially celebrated works had to be rewritten to suit a shift in the Communist Party line. Whereas pre-Revolutionary writers had been intensely…

delayed puberty, failure of the physical development of the reproductive system by the normal stage or period of life when a child transforms into an adult capable of procreation. In girls, puberty is considered to be delayed if no pubertal development has occurred by age 13 or 14, and girls who

nervous system: Potassium channels: This occurs through the delayed rectifier channel (IDR), which, activated by the influx of Na+, counteracts the effect of that cation by allowing the discharge of K+. By repolarizing the membrane in this way, the IDR channel restricts the duration of the nerve impulse and participates in the regulation…

poison: Immediate versus delayed toxic responses: …standard of minimum time for delayed toxic responses, but generally a response that takes more than a few days to develop is considered delayed. The time it takes for a systemic toxicant to act depends on many factors, such as the rates of absorption, biotransformation, distribution, and excretion, as well…

Afghanistan: The Kushāns: A massive Kushān city at Delbarjin, north of Balkh, and a major gold hoard of superb artistry near Sheberghān, west of Balkh, also have been excavated.

Sven Delblanc was a Swedish novelist who was notable for his use of the intrusive narrator and for the incorporation of grotesque, visionary, and mythical elements to give detailed descriptions of society in his work. Delblanc taught at the University of Uppsala until the early 1970s, when he began

Sven Delblanc was a Swedish novelist who was notable for his use of the intrusive narrator and for the incorporation of grotesque, visionary, and mythical elements to give detailed descriptions of society in his work. Delblanc taught at the University of Uppsala until the early 1970s, when he began

Berthold Delbrück was a German linguist who addressed himself to the problems of syntax (the patterning of words into meaningful phrases and sentences). He is credited with having founded the study of the comparative syntax of the Indo-European languages. In 1871 Delbrück published his classic

strategy: Strategy in antiquity: …the 19th-century German military historian Hans Delbrück drew a fundamental distinction between strategies based on overthrow of the opponent and those aimed at his exhaustion. Both Sparta and Athens pursued the latter; the former was simply unavailable, given their fundamental differences as military powers. Delbrück’s analysis illustrates the ways in…

Rudolph von Delbrück was a statesman and chief executor of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s free-trade policy for Prussia and then for imperial Germany. He entered government service in 1837 and in 1848 was transferred to the ministry of commerce. Realizing the influence of commerce on political

Max Delbrück was a German-born U.S. biologist, a pioneer in the study of molecular genetics. With Alfred Day Hershey and Salvador Luria, he was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for work on bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria. Delbrück received a Ph.D. in physics

Rudolph von Delbrück was a statesman and chief executor of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s free-trade policy for Prussia and then for imperial Germany. He entered government service in 1837 and in 1848 was transferred to the ministry of commerce. Realizing the influence of commerce on political

Théophile Delcassé was a French foreign minister (1898–1905 and 1914–15) who was a principal architect of the new system of European alliances formed in the years preceding World War I. Delcassé was a journalist who vigorously supported the moderate republican programs of Léon Gambetta and the

Charles F. Kettering: Deeds, Kettering founded Delco (Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company) to design automotive electrical equipment. He developed improved lighting and ignition systems as well as the first electric starter, which was introduced on Cadillacs in 1912.

art criticism: The growth of power and influence: Thus, for example, French critic Étienne-Jean Delécluze was a supporter of the “Homerists,” followers of Ingres’s style, and deplored the “école du laid” (“school of ugliness”) of the “Shakespeareans,” who emulated Delacroix. But this debate would become moot with the development of the avant-garde.

Grazia Deledda was a novelist who was influenced by the verismo (q.v.; “realism”) school in Italian literature. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926. Deledda married very young and moved to Rome, where she lived quietly, frequently visiting her native Sardinia. With little formal

presidency of the United States of America: Post-1968 reforms: …national conventions, most of the delegates are selected through primaries—or, in a minority of states, through caucuses—and the delegates gather merely to ratify the choice of the voters.

Subcomandante Marcos is a Mexican professor who was the leader of the Zapatista National Liberation Army (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional; EZLN, also called the Zapatistas), which launched a rebellion in 1994 in the state of Chiapas and later functioned as a political movement defending

Egypt: Ismāʿīl, 1863–79: …consultative council known as the Assembly of Delegates, the members of which were chosen by indirect election, the great majority of those elected were village headmen. While Ismāʿīl did not intend to give any of his powers to the Assembly, its establishment and composition pointed to the political growth that…

Guild Socialism: …the rise of the left-wing shop stewards’ movement, demanding “workers’ control” in the war industries. After the war, the building workers, led by Hobson and Malcolm Sparkes, founded building guilds that built houses for the state; but after the economic slump of 1921 the state withdrew financial help and the…