Hippolyte Delehaye was a Belgian scholar who was the foremost exponent of biographical church history based on archaeological and documentary work. He became a Jesuit in 1879 and was ordained priest in 1890, later identifying himself with the work of the Bollandists (q.v.) and becoming their head

Delémont, capital of Jura canton, northwestern Switzerland, situated in a wide valley at the confluence of the Sorne and Birse rivers. First mentioned in historical records in 727, Delémont was annexed by the prince-bishops of Basel in the 11th century for use as a summer residence. Seized by

Charles Delescluze was a French revolutionary figure who participated in the uprisings of 1830 and 1848 and who was an important leader in the Paris Commune (1871). Delescluze, an ardent radical republican, was still a student during the popular uprisings of 1830. As an activist in the secret

Charles Delescluze was a French revolutionary figure who participated in the uprisings of 1830 and 1848 and who was an important leader in the Paris Commune (1871). Delescluze, an ardent radical republican, was still a student during the popular uprisings of 1830. As an activist in the secret

origins of agriculture: The sugar beet: In 1808 a French scientist, Benjamin Delessert, used charcoal in clarification, which insured the technical success of beet sugar. On March 25, 1811, Napoleon issued a decree that set aside 80,000 acres (about 32,375 hectares) of land for the production of beets, established six special sugar-beet schools to which 100…

heredity: Deletions: The simplest, but perhaps most damaging, structural change is a deletion—the complete loss of a part of one chromosome. In a haploid cell this is lethal, because part of the essential genome is lost. However, even in diploid cells deletions are generally lethal or…

Gilles Deleuze was a French writer and antirationalist philosopher. Deleuze began his study of philosophy at the Sorbonne in 1944. Appointed to the faculty there in 1957, he later taught at the University of Lyons and the University of Paris VIII, where he was a popular lecturer. He retired from

Delft, gemeente (municipality), western Netherlands. It lies along the canalized Schie River between Rotterdam and The Hague. Founded in 1075 and chartered in 1246, it was severely damaged by fire in 1536 and by the explosion of a powder magazine in 1654. Delft was a trade centre in the 16th and

delftware, tin-glazed earthenware first made early in the 17th century at Delft, Holland. Dutch potters later brought the art of tin glazing to England along with the name delft, which now applies to wares manufactured in the Netherlands and England, as distinguished from faience, made in France,

Wubbo Ockels: …he began teaching at the Delft University of Technology in Delft, Netherlands, and in 2003 he was made a full professor of aerospace for sustainable engineering and technology.

Jacoba Of Bavaria: …July 3, 1428, in the Treaty of Delft, which maintained Jacoba’s title of countess but transferred administration of her three counties (Holland, Zeeland, and Hainaut) to Philip and stipulated that she was not to marry without his consent.

delftware, tin-glazed earthenware first made early in the 17th century at Delft, Holland. Dutch potters later brought the art of tin glazing to England along with the name delft, which now applies to wares manufactured in the Netherlands and England, as distinguished from faience, made in France,

Groningen: …processing in the north, and Delfzijl, connected with Groningen by the Ems ship canal, is a busy port with chemical industries (salt). Winschoten is a marketing and shopping centre. Area 1,146 square miles (2,968 square km). Pop. (2009 est.) 574,092.

cacos: … were such prominent Creoles as José Matías Delgado and Pedro Molina, liberals who demanded independence under a federalist anticlerical constitution. They were opposed by the more conservative gazistas, led by José Cecilio del Valle, who insisted upon protection for private property and gradual change but also advocated safeguarding political liberties.…

Uruguay: The arts: …work of the landscape architect Leandro Silva Delgado has also earned international prominence.

critical race theory: Basic tenets of critical race theory: According to the legal scholars Richard Delgado (one of the founders of CRT) and Jean Stefancic there are several general propositions regarding race and racism that many critical race theorists would accept, despite the considerable variation of belief among members of the movement. These propositions constitute a set of “basic…

Selenga River: …confluence of the Ider and Delger rivers. It is Mongolia’s principal river and is the most substantial source of water for Lake Baikal.

Delhi, city and national capital, and union territory, north-central India. The city of Delhi actually consists of two components: Old Delhi, in the north, the historic city; and New Delhi, in the south, since 1947 the capital of India, built in the first part of the 20th century as the capital of

Delhi: national capital, and union territory, north-central India. The city of Delhi actually consists of two components: Old Delhi, in the north, the historic city; and New Delhi, in the south, since 1947 the capital of India, built in the first part of the 20th century…

cutaneous leishmaniasis, infectious skin disease that is caused by any of multiple different trypanosome parasites in the genus Leishmania. The disease is the most commonly occurring form of leishmaniasis and is prevalent especially in the Americas, Asia, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.

Kushal Pal Singh: …an Indian businessman who transformed Delhi Land & Finance Limited (DLF) into one of India’s largest real-estate development firms.

Delhi Pact, pact made on April 8, 1950, following the escalation of tension between India and Pakistan in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) after economic relations between the two countries had been severed in December 1949. An estimated one million people—Hindus from East Pakistan and Muslims from

Delhi sultanate, principal Muslim sultanate in north India from the 13th to the 16th century. Its creation owed much to the campaigns of Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām (Muḥammad of Ghūr; brother of Sultan Ghiyāth al-Dīn of Ghūr) and his lieutenant Quṭb al-Dīn Aibak between 1175 and 1206 and

Delhi Zoological Park, zoo founded in 1957 in New Delhi, India. Its facilities are funded and administered by the national government. More than 1,700 specimens representing at least 185 species are exhibited and bred in the 97-hectare (240-acre) park. The collection includes good breeding groups

metalwork: Iron: The wrought-iron pillar of Delhi, set up about 400 ce by Kumara Gupta I in honor of his father, is more than 23 feet (7 meters) tall and weighs more than 6 tons. It demonstrates the abilities of Indian metalworkers in handling large masses of material, for not until…

Sack of Delhi, attack on Delhi in December 1398 by the Turkic-Mongol warrior Timur, the ruler of Central Asia. His assault, which was the culmination of a rampage across northern India, destroyed the city and further weakened the Delhi sultanate. A devout Muslim, Timur alleged that his

The British army’s siege and recapture of Delhi from rebel Indian forces between June 8 and September 21, 1857, was a decisive moment in its efforts to suppress the uprising against British control that broke out in northern India in early 1857. The British victory extinguished the rebels’ dreams

University of Delhi, state-controlled institution of higher education located in Delhi. Founded in 1922 as a residential university, it developed into a teaching and affiliating body and is now designated as one of India’s federal universities, with jurisdiction over numerous colleges scattered

Jelālī Revolts: His brother Deli Hasan then seized Kutahya, in western Anatolia, but later he and his followers were won over by grants of governorships.

Delia, ancient quadrennial festival of the Ionians, held on Delos (hence the name) in honour of the Greek god Apollo. The local title was Apollonia, which seems always to have been used for the corresponding yearly festival. It later declined along with the political importance of Ionia but was

anthomyiid fly: The onion maggot (D. antiqua), found in North America, injures onions by feeding on the underground bulb and stem. The adult is a bristly gray fly about 6 or 7 mm (0.2 to 0.3 inch) long with large wings. It is best controlled by insecticide applications…

anthomyiid fly: The seedcorn maggot (D. platura) feeds on the seeds and seedlings of a variety of crops, including corn (maize), peas, and different types of beans. Damaged seeds either develop into weak plants or fail to sprout. This species has a short life cycle and produces three…

anthomyiid fly: The cabbage maggot (Delia radicum) is an important pest in Canada and the northern United States. The larvae feed on the underground parts of cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, radishes, and turnips. It was introduced from Europe early in the second half of the 19th century. The most-effective…

Delian League, confederacy of ancient Greek states under the leadership of Athens, with headquarters at Delos, founded in 478 bce during the Greco-Persian wars. The original organization of the league, as sketched by Thucydides, indicates that all Greeks were invited to join to protect themselves

Delian League, confederacy of ancient Greek states under the leadership of Athens, with headquarters at Delos, founded in 478 bce during the Greco-Persian wars. The original organization of the league, as sketched by Thucydides, indicates that all Greeks were invited to join to protect themselves

consanguinity: Advantageous heterozygosity: The principle of deliberate inbreeding is used with domestic animals to eliminate covert recessive alleles from the stock. However, health problems do exist even in very highly inbred “pure” lines, and some degree of allele heterozygosity would appear to be advantageous. Many species, including humans, have been established…

St. Gerard: …period that Gerard wrote his Deliberatio supra hymnum trium puerorum (“Meditation on the Hymn of the Three Young Men”), the oldest surviving work of Hungarian theological literature.

deliberative democracy, school of thought in political theory that claims that political decisions should be the product of fair and reasonable discussion and debate among citizens. In deliberation, citizens exchange arguments and consider different claims that are designed to secure the public

20th-century international relations: Three tests: Dubbed “deliberative multilateralism,” it seemed another example of reactive ad hoc policy making.

oratory: …and statesman, was a great deliberative orator. In one of his greatest speeches, “On the Crown,” he defended himself against the charge by his political rival Aeschines that he had no right to the golden crown granted him for his services to Athens. So brilliant was Demosthenes’ defense of his…

Miguel Delibes was a Spanish novelist, essayist, and journalist who wrote widely of travel, the outdoors, sport, and his native Valladolid. His realist fiction is best known for its critical analysis of 20th-century Spanish society. Delibes was the third of eight sons born to a schoolteacher and a

Léo Delibes was a French opera and ballet composer who was the first to write music of high quality for the ballet. His pioneering symphonic work for the ballet opened up a field for serious composers, and his influence can be traced in the work of Tchaikovsky and others who wrote for the dance.

Léo Delibes was a French opera and ballet composer who was the first to write music of high quality for the ballet. His pioneering symphonic work for the ballet opened up a field for serious composers, and his influence can be traced in the work of Tchaikovsky and others who wrote for the dance.

Miguel Delibes was a Spanish novelist, essayist, and journalist who wrote widely of travel, the outdoors, sport, and his native Valladolid. His realist fiction is best known for its critical analysis of 20th-century Spanish society. Delibes was the third of eight sons born to a schoolteacher and a

Arches National Park: …resemble skyscrapers), The Windows Section, Delicate Arch, Fiery Furnace (so named because it glows in the setting sun), and Devils Garden. Landscape Arch, measuring about 290 feet (88 metres) long from base to base, is one of the longest natural freestanding spans of rock in the world; since 1991 large…

Paul Scofield: …Lear (1971) and Tobias in A Delicate Balance (1973), written by Edward Albee and directed by Tony Richardson, from the Albee play. He also played the French king in Kenneth Branagh’s version of Henry V (1989) and Judge Thomas Danforth in a film adaptation of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible (1996).

A Delicate Balance, drama in three acts by Edward Albee, published and produced in 1966 and winner of a Pulitzer Prize in 1967. The play, about a middle-aged couple’s struggle to restore the “balance” of their routine after it has been threatened by intruding friends, is representative of the

Jerry Lewis: …of solo comedies, starting with The Delicate Delinquent (1957) and often working with director Frank Tashlin. In 1959 he signed a new contract with Paramount that gave him 60 percent of box-office profits and allowed him to write and direct his own films, beginning with The Bellboy (1960). Many of…

John le Carré: In A Delicate Truth (2013) a young civil servant attempts to discern what actually occurred during the officially successful special rendition of a terrorist. A Legacy of Spies (2017) revisits The Spy Who Came In from the Cold and features both old and new characters. In…

martin: The house martin (Delichon urbica), blue-black above and white-rumped, is common in Europe. The African river martin (Pseudochelidon eurystomina) of the Congo River is black, with red eyes and bill; it is sometimes placed in a separate family, Pseudochelidonidae. The so-called bee-martin, or bee bird, is…

number game: Pioneers and imitators: …in 1636 under the title Deliciae Physico-mathematicae oder Mathematische und Philosophische Erquickstunden. Immensely popular, Schwenter’s book was enlarged by two supplementary editions in 1651–53. For some years thereafter Schwenter’s enlarged edition was the most comprehensive treatise of its kind, although in 1641–42 the Italian Jesuit Mario Bettini had issued a…

Mexico: Agriculture: This was followed by the Las Delicias Project near Chihuahua, which also featured cotton but later brought substantial acreages of wheat into production. Wheat, especially north of Sinaloa, is the most important crop in the Northwest, which is now the country’s centre of grain production. Cotton, vegetables, and oilseeds are…

delict, in Roman law, an obligation to pay a penalty because a wrong had been committed. Not until the 2nd and 3rd centuries ad were public crimes separated from private crimes and removed to criminal courts; from that time, civil action remained the remedy for private abuses. In modern usage in

Maurice Scève: Scève’s Délie, objet de plus haute vertu (1544; “Délie, Object of Highest Virtue”) is a poetic cycle of 449 highly organized decasyllabic 10-line stanzas (dizains), rich in imagery and Platonic and Petrarchan in theme and style. “Délie” (an anagram of “L’Idée,” “The Idea”), long thought to…

Ted Kooser: …received a Pulitzer Prize for Delights & Shadows (2004). Valentines (2008) contains poems Kooser wrote over the course of two decades on the occasion of Valentine’s Day. He subsequently published the collections Splitting an Order (2014), Kindest Regards: New and Selected Poems (2018), and Red Stilts (2020).

Theódoros Dhiliyiánnis was a politician who was prime minister of Greece five times (1885–86, 1890–92, 1895–97, 1902–03, 1904–05). He was a resolute advocate of aggressive and often irresponsible territorial expansion. His bitter rivalry with the reformist politician Kharílaos Trikoúpis dominated

Pierre Deligne is a Belgian mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal (1978), the Crafoord Prize (1988), and the Abel Prize (2013) for his work in algebraic geometry. Deligne received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics (1966) and a doctorate (1968) from the Free University of Brussels. After a

Pierre Deligne is a Belgian mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal (1978), the Crafoord Prize (1988), and the Abel Prize (2013) for his work in algebraic geometry. Deligne received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics (1966) and a doctorate (1968) from the Free University of Brussels. After a

Delilah, in the Old Testament, the central figure of Samson’s last love story (Judges 16). She was a Philistine who, bribed to entrap Samson, coaxed him into revealing that the secret of his strength was his long hair, whereupon she took advantage of his confidence to betray him to his enemies. Her

Jacques Delille was a poet and classicist who enjoyed an impressive reputation in his day as the “French Virgil.” Aided by scholarships, Delille was a brilliant student and taught Latin poetry at the Collège de France. His reputation was established with a verse translation of Virgil’s Georgics

Don DeLillo is an American novelist whose postmodernist works portray the anomie of an America cosseted by material excess and stupefied by empty mass culture and politics. After his graduation from Fordham University, New York City (1958), DeLillo worked for several years as a copywriter at an

legislative apportionment, process by which representation is distributed among the constituencies of a representative assembly. This use of the term apportionment is limited almost exclusively to the United States. In most other countries, particularly the United Kingdom and the countries of the

mining: Delineation: Normally, core holes are drilled in a more or less regular pattern, and the locations of the holes are plotted on plan maps. In order to visualize how the deposit appears at depth, holes are also plotted along a series of vertical planes called…

William Smith: …1815 under the title A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, with Part of Scotland. This was followed by an excellent series of county maps between 1819 and 1824.

James Wyatt: In John Rutter’s Delineations of Fonthill (1823), however, one can still experience some of the building’s grotesque, spectacular quality that made it architecturally notorious in the Romantic period. Other notable examples of Wyatt’s Gothic country houses include Lee Priory, Kent (1783–90), and Ashridge, Hertfordshire, completed (1808–18) by his…

drafting: The delineator, or technical illustrator, converts preliminary or final drawings into pictorial representations, usually perspective constructions in full colour to help others visualize the product, to inform the public, to attract investment, or to promote sales. Before undertaking their own drawings, persons entering the profession of…

history of publishing: Women’s magazines: …merged in 1873 into the Delineator, which had a highly successful career until 1937. The field of women’s magazines was finally transformed, however, by Cyrus Curtis with his Ladies’ Home Journal (founded 1883), edited by his wife, Louisa Knapp Curtis. This soon reached a circulation of 400,000 and, under the…

delinquency, criminal behaviour, especially that carried out by a juvenile. Depending on the nation of origin, a juvenile becomes an adult anywhere between the ages of 15 to 18, although the age is sometimes lowered for murder and other serious crimes. Delinquency implies conduct that does not

Marvin Wolfgang: …and Johan Thorsten Sellin on Delinquency in a Birth Cohort (1972), Wolfgang found that half of all offenses and nearly three-fourths of serious offenses were committed by a small number of habitual offenders, a discovery that influenced criminal justice systems throughout the world. In response to Wolfgang’s research, many jurisdictions…

Albert Cohen: In Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang (1955), Cohen tied these divergent approaches together in a single theory. Proposing a general theory of subcultures, Cohen argued that similar ideas tend to arise among people who experience similar social circumstances. He maintained that delinquent youths generally…

Robert Altman: Early years: In 1957 he shot The Delinquents, a drama about juvenile delinquency, in Kansas City with a cast that included Tom Laughlin (later the star of the 1970s cult film Billy Jack). Altman also codirected, with George W. George (son of cartoonist Rube Goldberg), the documentary The James Dean Story…

deliquescence, the process by which a substance absorbs moisture from the atmosphere until it dissolves in the absorbed water and forms a solution. Deliquescence occurs when the vapour pressure of the solution that is formed is less than the partial pressure of water vapour in the air. All soluble

Decadent: …in a collection of parodies, Les Déliquescences d’Adoré Floupette (1885; “The Corruption of Adoré Floupette”), by Gabriel Vicaire and Henri Beauclair. From 1886 to 1889 appeared a review, Le Décadent, founded by Anatole Baju, with Verlaine among its contributors. The Decadents claimed Charles Baudelaire (d. 1867) as their inspiration and…

tree: The anatomy and organization of wood: …branches of similar dimensions (deliquescent branching). This can be found in many oaks, the honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), the silver linden (Tilia tomentosa), and the American elm (Ulmus americana). The palms illustrate the third major tree form, columnar, in which the central axis develops without

André Baillon: …and the remarkable story collection Délires (1927; “Deliriums”), were written with absolute clarity. A sentimental tone mars somewhat the tragic introspection of Le Perce-Oreille du Luxembourg (1928; “The Earwig of Luxembourg”). His later autobiographical writing includes Le Neveu de Mlle Autorité (1930; “The Nephew of Miss Authority”) and Des vivants…

African literature: Portuguese: …Matta, whose book of poetry Delírios (“Delirium”) was published in 1887. A number of newspapers and journals provided possibilities for authors to publish their work in these early years, but this was not a cultivated practice. A novel was serialized in 1929: António de Assis Júnior’s O segredo da morte…

Rem Koolhaas: …urban theorist when his book Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan was published in 1978. The book suggested that the architectural development of Manhattan was an organic process created through a variety of cultural forces. In this way, New York and other major cities functioned as a metaphor…

Rem Koolhaas: …urban theorist when his book Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan was published in 1978. The book suggested that the architectural development of Manhattan was an organic process created through a variety of cultural forces. In this way, New York and other major cities functioned as a metaphor…

delirium, a mental disturbance marked by disorientation and confused thinking in which the patient incorrectly comprehends his surroundings. The delirious person is drowsy, restless, and fearful of imaginary disasters. He may suffer from hallucinations, seeing terrifying imaginary animals or

delirium tremens (DTs), delirium seen in severe cases of alcohol withdrawal (see alcoholism) complicated by exhaustion, lack of food, and dehydration, usually preceded by physical deterioration due to vomiting and restlessness. The whole body trembles, sometimes with seizures, disorientation, and

Guillaume Delisle was a mapmaker who led the reform of French cartography. A brother of the astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle and a student of the astronomer Jean-Dominique Cassini, Delisle learned to fix accurate positions by astronomical observation. The accuracy of his continental outlines and

Joseph-Nicolas Delisle was a French astronomer who proposed that the series of coloured rings sometimes observed around the Sun is caused by diffraction of sunlight through water droplets in a cloud. He also worked to find the distance of the Sun from the Earth by observing transits of Venus and

library: Bibliothèque Nationale: …under the librarianship (1874–1905) of Léopold Delisle, and in 1897 he made a start to the task of compiling a printed catalog in volume form.

crime, délit, and contravention: délit, and contravention, three classifications of criminal offense that are central to the administration of justice in many Roman- and civil-law countries (for distinctions in Anglo-American law covering analogous offenses, see felony and misdemeanour). Crimes in French law are the most serious offenses, punishable by…

crime, délit, and contravention: …between délits moins graves and délits graves—that is, between ordinary délits and crimes involving serious bodily harm that were reserved for trial by a full court with a jury. These procedural differences reduced the usefulness of the single term délit. Consequently, some countries, such as Hungary, Denmark, and Romania, continue…

crime, délit, and contravention: …important distinction was made between délits moins graves and délits graves—that is, between ordinary délits and crimes involving serious bodily harm that were reserved for trial by a full court with a jury. These procedural differences reduced the usefulness of the single term délit. Consequently, some countries, such as Hungary,…

Ugo Betti: , Crime on Goat Island, 1960), a violent tragedy of love and revenge; La regina e gli insorti (first performed 1951; Eng. trans., The Queen and the Rebels, 1956), a strong argument for compassion and self-sacrifice; and La fuggitiva (first performed 1953; Eng. trans., The Fugitive,…

Frederick Delius was a composer, one of the most distinctive figures in the revival of English music at the end of the 19th century. The son of a German manufacturer who had become a naturalized British subject in 1860, Delius was educated at Bradford Grammar School and the International College,

Frederick Delius was a composer, one of the most distinctive figures in the revival of English music at the end of the 19th century. The son of a German manufacturer who had become a naturalized British subject in 1860, Delius was educated at Bradford Grammar School and the International College,

John Boorman: From Deliverance to Hope and Glory: In 1972 Boorman directed Deliverance, arguably his best-known work. Adapted by James Dickey from his 1970 novel, it tells the story of four businessmen—played by Burt Reynolds, Jon Voight, Ronny Cox, and Ned Beatty—whose weekend canoe trip down a Georgia river turns into a nightmare

James Dickey: His best-known novel, Deliverance, is a harrowing account of a disastrous canoe trip four men take down a river in Georgia. A highly successful film version of the novel was produced from Dickey’s own screenplay in 1972. A later adventure novel, To the White Sea (1993), also was…

Karl Barth: International reputation and influence: …aus den Jahren 1954–59 (1959; Deliverance to the Captives), reveal in a unique way the combination of evangelical passion and social concern that had characterized all of his life. Barth died in Basel at age 82.

Islamic world: Policies of Niẓām al-Mulk: …work Al-Munqidh min al-ḍalāl (The Deliverer from Error), the more he taught, the more he doubted, until his will and voice became paralyzed. In 1095 he retreated from public life, attempting to arrive at a more satisfying faith. He undertook a radically skeptical reexamination of all of the paths…

carriage of goods: Delay and misdelivery: …incur liability for delay in delivering the goods to the consignee. Statutes, international conventions, administrative regulations, or even contractual agreements may fix the period of transportation with reference to the applicable means of carriage and determine the consequences of the delay. Under the law of contracts, failure of the carrier…

writ: …judgment of a court (attachment, delivery) or to require a lower court to furnish certain records (error) or perform a certain act (mandamus).

rocket and missile system: Multiple warheads: With this method of delivery, it would be quite difficult to determine which target was being threatened. However, given the shallow reentry angles associated with a low trajectory and partial earth orbit, the accuracy of FOBS missiles was questionable. A missile carrying MRVs, on the other hand, would be…

Theódoros Dhiliyiánnis was a politician who was prime minister of Greece five times (1885–86, 1890–92, 1895–97, 1902–03, 1904–05). He was a resolute advocate of aggressive and often irresponsible territorial expansion. His bitter rivalry with the reformist politician Kharílaos Trikoúpis dominated

Dell, global company that designs, develops, and manufactures personal computers (PCs) and a variety of computer-related products. The company is one of the world’s leading computer brands and suppliers of PCs. Dell is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas. The company, first called PC’s Limited, was

Dell, global company that designs, develops, and manufactures personal computers (PCs) and a variety of computer-related products. The company is one of the world’s leading computer brands and suppliers of PCs. Dell is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas. The company, first called PC’s Limited, was

Sir Robert Dudley: …who wrote a well-known treatise, Dell’Arcano del mare (3 vol., 1646–47; “Concerning the Secret of the Sea”), that contained the sum of contemporary knowledge of navigation.