Demetrius was a king of Bactria who was the son and successor of Euthydemus. The historical evidence for Demetrius’ reign is slight and open to varying interpretations. According to some scholars, he ruled from about 190 to about 167, when he was killed by Eucratides, who then became king. Earlier,

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: …father demands that she marry Demetrius. Hoping to win Demetrius’s favour, Helena tells him their whereabouts and follows him to the forest, where he goes in search of Hermia. The forest is also full of fairies who have come for the duke’s wedding. Oberon, the king of the fairies, quarrels…

Demetrius Chalcondyles was a Renaissance teacher of Greek and of Platonic philosophy. In 1447 Demetrius went to Italy, where Cardinal Bessarion became his patron. He was made professor at Padua in 1463. In 1479 he was summoned by Lorenzo de’ Medici to Florence, but in 1492 he moved to Milan. He was

Demetrius I Poliorcetes was the king of Macedonia from 294 to 288 bc. Demetrius was the son of Alexander the Great’s general Antigonus I Monophthalmus, in whose campaigns he commanded with distinction and whose empire, based in Asia, he attempted to rebuild. Unsuccessful against Ptolemy I Soter,

Demetrius I Soter was the king of Syria from 162 to 150 bc. He was one of the line of rulers of the Seleucid dynasty, founded in 312 by a Macedonian successor of Alexander the Great. The son of King Seleucus IV Philopator (reigned 187 to 175), Demetrius was sent to Rome as a hostage during his

Demetrius II was the king of Macedonia from 239 to 229 bc. Demetrius gained distinction as a boy by defeating and dethroning Alexander of Epirus, thus saving Macedonia (c. 263). On his accession he was faced by an Aetolian and Achaean coalition, later joined by an Epirote League. Thus threatened,

Demetrius II Nicator was the king of Syria from 145 to 139 and from 129 to 125 bc. The son of King Demetrius I Soter, he went into exile when his father was killed fighting the usurper Alexander Balas in 150. Demetrius returned to Syria (147) with an army of Cretan mercenaries, deposed Balas in

Demetrios of Alopeka was a Greek sculptor, said by ancient critics to have been notable for the lifelike realism of his statues. His style was contrasted with that of Cresilas, an idealizing sculptor of the generation before. Demetrios mainly produced portrait statues, and his portrait of

Demetrios of Alopeka was a Greek sculptor, said by ancient critics to have been notable for the lifelike realism of his statues. His style was contrasted with that of Cresilas, an idealizing sculptor of the generation before. Demetrios mainly produced portrait statues, and his portrait of

Epicureanism: The Epicurean school: …mention must be made of Demetrius of Lacon, of whose works some fragments remain, and Apollodorus, who wrote more than 400 books. Much was also written by his disciple Zeno of Sidon, who was heard by Cicero in 79 bce in Athens. After Zeno, there were Phaedrus, also a teacher…

Demetrius Of Phaleron was an Athenian orator, statesman, and philosopher who was appointed governor of Athens by the Macedonian general Cassander (317 bc). He favoured the upper classes and gave effect to the ideas of such earlier political theorists as Aristotle. When the old democracy was

Demetrius Of Phaleron was an Athenian orator, statesman, and philosopher who was appointed governor of Athens by the Macedonian general Cassander (317 bc). He favoured the upper classes and gave effect to the ideas of such earlier political theorists as Aristotle. When the old democracy was

Strabo: …Athens (2nd century bce) and Demetrius of Scepsis (born about 205 bce)—for Strabo placed great emphasis on identifying the cities named in the Greek epic the Iliad. Books XI to XIV describe the Asian shores of the Black Sea, the Caucasus, northern Iran, and Asia Minor. Here Strabo made the…

Demetrius Of Phaleron was an Athenian orator, statesman, and philosopher who was appointed governor of Athens by the Macedonian general Cassander (317 bc). He favoured the upper classes and gave effect to the ideas of such earlier political theorists as Aristotle. When the old democracy was

Frédéric-Auguste Demetz was a French jurist and early advocate of the cottage reformatory for juvenile offenders, which anticipated the English system of Borstal reformatories established in the 20th century. During his time as a judge (1821–40), Demetz was concerned with the problem of sentencing

plié: …remain on the floor (demi-plié), or deep, so that in all foot positions except the second the heels rise (grand plié).

demi-glace, traditional brown sauce of French cuisine that is used on its own or as the flavouring base for other sauces, soups, and stews. The sauce stems from sauce espagnole, a classic brown sauce and one of the five “mother sauces” of French cuisine (béchamel, velouté, espagnole, hollandaise,

Marcel Prévost: …best-known among them was entitled Les Demi-Vierges (1894; “The Half-Virgins”); a dramatized version of the book was a great success.

Hermann Hesse: …influence of analysis appears in Demian (1919), an examination of the achievement of self-awareness by a troubled adolescent. This novel had a pervasive effect on a troubled Germany and made its author famous. Hesse’s later work shows his interest in Jungian concepts of introversion and extraversion, the collective unconscious, idealism,…

accordion: …others give the distinction to Cyril Demian of Vienna, who patented his Accordion in 1829, thus coining the name. A modification of the Handäoline, Demian’s invention comprised a small manual bellows and five keys, although, as Demian noted in a description of the instrument, extra keys could be incorporated into…

accordion: …others give the distinction to Cyril Demian of Vienna, who patented his Accordion in 1829, thus coining the name. A modification of the Handäoline, Demian’s invention comprised a small manual bellows and five keys, although, as Demian noted in a description of the instrument, extra keys could be incorporated into…

warship: Gun-armed warships: …curtals, a similar number of demicannon, and culverins. The average cannon, a short-range gun, hurled an iron ball of about 50 pounds (23 kg), and the demicannon one of 32 pounds (14 kg). The culverin, a longer and stronger gun, fired a smaller shot over a longer range and was…

canton: …Basel, and Appenzell—are subdivided into demicantons, or half cantons, which function as full cantons; thus, there is often reference to 26 states of Switzerland. Each of the cantons and half cantons has its own constitution, legislature, executive, and judiciary. Glarus and Appenzell Inner-Rhoden have preserved their ancient democratic assemblies (Landsgemeinden),…

bush baby: The tiny Prince Demidoff’s bush baby (G. demidoff), which weighs only 70 grams (2.5 ounces), is widespread and common in African rainforests from Sierra Leone to Uganda. Even smaller is the Rondo bush baby (P. rondoensis), first described in 1997, which weighs just 60 grams and is…

Demidov Family, Russian family that acquired great wealth in the 18th century, largely through iron production and mining, and became patrons of the arts and sciences. Nikita Demidovich Antufyev (1656–1725) was a blacksmith from the western Russian city of Tula, who took the surname Demidov in

Demidov Family: Akinfy Demidov (1678–1745), Nikita’s son, increased his inherited wealth by expanding his holdings and establishing gold, silver, and copper mines, mainly in the Ural Mountains. Largely as a result of Nikita’s and Akinfy’s efforts, the Demidov family, by the end of the 18th century, controlled…

Demidov Family: Nikolay’s younger son, Anatoly Nikolayevich Demidov (1812–70), also a traveler and patron of the arts, lived for many years in Italy, purchased the Tuscan title prince of San Donato, and married (1840) Princess Mathilde, Jérôme Bonaparte’s daughter and Napoleon I’s niece.

Demidov Family: Nikita Demidovich Antufyev (1656–1725) was a blacksmith from the western Russian city of Tula, who took the surname Demidov in 1702. He began to accumulate his family’s fortune by manufacturing weapons and, after receiving land grants from Peter I the Great (reigned 1682–1725), by building…

Demidov Family: His nephew Count Nikolay Nikitich Demidov (1773–1828) directed the family’s mining business and also contributed liberally to scientific education, mainly in Moscow. Nikolay’s elder son, Pavel Nikolayevich Demidov (1798–1840), founded an annual prize for Russian literature, to be awarded by the Academy of Sciences. Nikolay’s younger son, Anatoly…

Demidov Family: Akinfy’s nephew Pavel Grigoryevich Demidov (1738–1821) traveled extensively and became a benefactor of Russian education. His nephew Count Nikolay Nikitich Demidov (1773–1828) directed the family’s mining business and also contributed liberally to scientific education, mainly in Moscow. Nikolay’s elder son, Pavel Nikolayevich Demidov (1798–1840), founded an annual…

Demidov Family: Nikolay’s elder son, Pavel Nikolayevich Demidov (1798–1840), founded an annual prize for Russian literature, to be awarded by the Academy of Sciences. Nikolay’s younger son, Anatoly Nikolayevich Demidov (1812–70), also a traveler and patron of the arts, lived for many years in Italy, purchased the Tuscan title prince…

Dmitry Grigoryevich Levitsky: …work was Levitsky’s portrait of Prokopy Demidov (1773), an extravagant millionaire who was a devotee of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the naturists. Levitsky portrayed Demidov in the open gallery of an exquisite palace, leaning elegantly on a watering can and pointing at some potted plants, in a clear allusion to the…

Jules Olitski was a Russian-born American painter generally identified with the Abstract Expressionist school known as colour field. He was one of the first to use thinned paints in a staining technique to create colour compositions of a delicate, ethereal quality. Olitski was born shortly after

Jules Olitski was a Russian-born American painter generally identified with the Abstract Expressionist school known as colour field. He was one of the first to use thinned paints in a staining technique to create colour compositions of a delicate, ethereal quality. Olitski was born shortly after

Jules Olitski was a Russian-born American painter generally identified with the Abstract Expressionist school known as colour field. He was one of the first to use thinned paints in a staining technique to create colour compositions of a delicate, ethereal quality. Olitski was born shortly after

Japan: Occupation: …was simple and straightforward: the demilitarization of Japan, so that it would not again become a danger to peace; democratization, meaning that, while no particular form of government would be forced upon the Japanese, efforts would be made to develop a political system under which individual rights would be guaranteed…

Vietnam War: French rule ended, Vietnam divided: …signing of the accords, a demilitarized zone, or DMZ, was to be created by mutual withdrawal of forces north and south of the 17th parallel, and the transfer of any civilians who wished to leave either side was to be completed. Nationwide elections to decide the future of Vietnam, North…

demilitarized zone (DMZ), region on the Korean peninsula that demarcates North Korea from South Korea. It roughly follows latitude 38° N (the 38th parallel), the original demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea at the end of World War II. The demilitarized zone (DMZ) incorporates

Agnes de Mille was an American dancer and choreographer who further developed the narrative aspect of dance and made innovative use of American themes, folk dances, and physical idioms in her choreography of musical plays and ballets. Her father was the playwright William Churchill DeMille, her

Cecil B. DeMille was an American motion-picture producer-director whose use of spectacle attracted vast audiences and made him a dominant figure in Hollywood for almost five decades. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Long before he made his first sound picture, DeMille

Cecil B. DeMille was an American motion-picture producer-director whose use of spectacle attracted vast audiences and made him a dominant figure in Hollywood for almost five decades. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Long before he made his first sound picture, DeMille

James De Mille was a Canadian author of more than 30 novels with a wide range of appeal, particularly noted for his wit and humour. While a student at Acadia College (now Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia), De Mille traveled extensively in Europe, and scenes of Italy became settings for

Cecil B. DeMille: Early life and silent films: The Squaw Man to The Godless Girl: …collaborating with his brother, playwright William Churchill DeMille.

Deming, city, seat (1901) of Luna county, southwestern New Mexico, U.S., about 55 miles (89 km) west of Las Cruces. The city is located in the broad valley of the Mimbres River (there flowing underground) and is surrounded by mountains. Deming was founded in 1881 as a railroad service point at the

Sun Yat-sen was the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang [Pinyin: Guomindang]), known as the father of modern China. Influential in overthrowing the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1911/12), he served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China (1911–12) and later as de facto

W. Edwards Deming: The Deming Prize (established 1951), awarded annually to Japanese corporations that win a rigorous quality-control competition, is named in Deming’s honour. It was not until the 1980s that Deming’s ideas were adopted by American corporations seeking to compete more effectively in the world market.

W. Edwards Deming was an American statistician, educator, and consultant whose advocacy of quality-control methods in industrial production aided Japan’s economic recovery after World War II and spurred the subsequent global success of many Japanese firms in the late 20th century. The son of a

W. Edwards Deming was an American statistician, educator, and consultant whose advocacy of quality-control methods in industrial production aided Japan’s economic recovery after World War II and spurred the subsequent global success of many Japanese firms in the late 20th century. The son of a

Tim Scott: When James DeMint resigned from the U.S. Senate in 2013, South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley appointed Scott to fill his seat. Scott won a special election in 2014 to complete the term.

Demiurge, in philosophy, a subordinate god who fashions and arranges the physical world to make it conform to a rational and eternal ideal. Plato adapted the term, which in ancient Greece had originally been the ordinary word for “craftsman,” or “artisan” (broadly interpreted to include not only

Hellenistic age: The mid-3rd century: …were also 10 magistrates called demiourgoi. Then, in 251, the Greek statesman Aratus (271–213), incorruptible, adventurous, persuasive, skilled in diplomacy, passionately attached to freedom and implacably ambitious for his own position, rid his native Sicyon of its tyrant and brought it into the league. By 245 he was elected general…

Hellenistic age: The mid-3rd century: …were also 10 magistrates called demiourgoi. Then, in 251, the Greek statesman Aratus (271–213), incorruptible, adventurous, persuasive, skilled in diplomacy, passionately attached to freedom and implacably ambitious for his own position, rid his native Sicyon of its tyrant and brought it into the league. By 245 he was elected general…

Demiurge, in philosophy, a subordinate god who fashions and arranges the physical world to make it conform to a rational and eternal ideal. Plato adapted the term, which in ancient Greece had originally been the ordinary word for “craftsman,” or “artisan” (broadly interpreted to include not only

Anatolia: Early Bronze Age: Villages such as Demirci Hüyük relied on the outer wall of a radial arrangement of houses. The citadel of Troy had heavy stone walls with mud-brick superstructure, a clay-covered glacis, and projecting gates with inner and outer sets of doors. The number and variety of weapons found—daggers, swords,…

Süleyman Demirel was a politician and civil engineer who served seven times as prime minister of Turkey and was president from 1993 to 2000. Born into a peasant family, Demirel graduated in 1948 from the Technical University of Istanbul as an engineer. He entered politics in 1961 and was elected to

Eşref Dynasty: …coincided with an attempt by Demirtaş, the Il-Khanid governor of Anatolia, to assert his authority over the independent Turkmen rulers in Anatolia. About 1326 Demirtaş marched to Beyşehir and killed Süleyman II, putting an end to the Eşref principality. Later its territories were divided between the Karaman and Hamid principalities.

St. Louis Blues: …the play of right wing Pavol Demitra and defensemen Chris Pronger and Al MacInnis, but St. Louis was upset in the first round of the NHL playoffs by the Western Conference’s lowest seed, the San Jose Sharks. The Blues rebounded from that disappointment the following season by earning a berth…

Demiurge, in philosophy, a subordinate god who fashions and arranges the physical world to make it conform to a rational and eternal ideal. Plato adapted the term, which in ancient Greece had originally been the ordinary word for “craftsman,” or “artisan” (broadly interpreted to include not only

John Demjanjuk was a Ukrainian-born autoworker who was accused of being a Nazi camp guard during World War II. Demjanjuk served in the Soviet army during World War II. In 1942 he was captured by Germany and was sent to a prisoner-of-war camp. After the war, he moved to the United States in 1952 and

John Demjanjuk was a Ukrainian-born autoworker who was accused of being a Nazi camp guard during World War II. Demjanjuk served in the Soviet army during World War II. In 1942 he was captured by Germany and was sent to a prisoner-of-war camp. After the war, he moved to the United States in 1952 and

Mieczysław Moczar was a Polish Communist leader and organizer. As a leader of the underground resistance during World War II, he was noted for his skill in fighting the German secret police. Moczar joined the Communist Party of Poland in 1937, becoming a professional party organizer in several

Jonathan Demme was an American film director who was known for his eclectic body of work, which ranged from feature films to concert movies to documentaries. Demme’s first foray into the world of movies was as a film critic for the student paper at the University of Florida in Gainesville in the

Jonathan Demme was an American film director who was known for his eclectic body of work, which ranged from feature films to concert movies to documentaries. Demme’s first foray into the world of movies was as a film critic for the student paper at the University of Florida in Gainesville in the

Luis Muñoz Rivera: …Muñoz Rivera founded the newspaper La Democracia, which crusaded for Puerto Rican self-government. He became a leader of the autonomist parties, and in 1897 he was instrumental in obtaining Puerto Rico’s charter of home rule from Spain. He soon became secretary of state and later president of the first autonomist…

democracy, literally, rule by the people. The term is derived from the Greek dēmokratia, which was coined from dēmos (“people”) and kratos (“rule”) in the middle of the 5th century bce to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens. (Read Madeleine

Michael Frayn: …Two Acts (1993), Copenhagen (1998), Democracy (2003), and Afterlife (2008).

Joan Didion: …Book of Common Prayer (1977), Democracy (1984), and The Last Thing He Wanted (1996; film 2020) and the essays Salvador (1983), Miami (1987), and Where I Was From (2003). Essays on U.S. politics, including the presidential election of 2000, were collected in Political Fictions

democracy: Dewey: …however; as Dewey remarks in Democracy and Education (1916), it is also a “mode of associated life” in which citizens cooperate with each other to solve their common problems through rational means (i.e., through critical inquiry and experiment) in a spirit of mutual respect and good will. Moreover, the political…

Robert A. Dahl: Later, in Democracy and Its Critics (1989), he recognized the value of an active citizenry and associated polyarchy with political rights such as freedom of expression and association.

William Edward Hartpole Lecky: …philosophy is best represented by Democracy and Liberty (1896). He feared the advent of socialism as retrogressive and prophesied a new despotism of the state founded on nationalism and a mass franchise. In Parliament he supported ameliorative measures for Ireland but opposed Home Rule. He was made a privy councillor…

Justice and Development Party: Expansion of power and decline in popular support: …Partisi); another breakaway party, the Democracy and Progress Party (Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi; DEVA), was formed in 2020. Both parties advocated a return to a parliamentary system of government and displayed common interest with opposition parties in unseating Erdoğan.

Amadou Toumani Touré: …had the backing of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP), a group of more than 40 parties that formed to support him. Touré captured 71 percent of the vote in the first round of voting, held on April 29, thus avoiding the need for a runoff election. In legislative…

democracy: Democracy or republic?: …through his monumental four-volume study Democracy in America (1835–40).

Pacifica Radio: Later developments: Democracy Now! and Free Speech Radio News: …of the satellite system was Democracy Now!, inaugurated in 1996 and hosted by WBAI programmer Amy Goodman and New York Daily News reporter Juan González. Democracy Now! represented a significant departure for Pacifica radio. Whereas earlier Pacifica programming usually interviewed prominent leftists, Goodman also aggressively courted the participation of government…

Gilded Age: …was followed in 1880 by Democracy, a political novel published anonymously by the historian Henry Adams. Adams’s book deals with a dishonest Midwestern senator and suggests that the real source of corruption lies in the unprincipled attitudes of the wild and lawless West. An American Politician, by Francis Marion Crawford…

Celâl Bayar: …as the leader of the Democrat Party, advocated a policy of private enterprise.

Sam Rayburn was an American political leader, who served as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives for nearly 17 years. He was first elected to the House in 1912 and served there continuously for 48 years 8 months, which at the time of his death was a record tenure. He was elected to Congress

Bartolomé de Las Casas: Adviser to Charles V: …court by reason of his Democrates segundo; o, de las justas causas de la guerra contra los indios (“Concerning the Just Cause of the War Against the Indians”), in which he maintained, theoretically in accordance with Aristotelian principles, that the Indians “are inferior to the Spaniards just as children are…

France: The Fifth Republic: The Gaullist Union of Democrats for the Republic (Union des Démocrates pour la République [UDR]; the former UNR), with its allies, emerged with three-fourths of the seats.

accountability: Democratic and public accountability: …the literature on democratic transformation, democratic accountability is meant loosely as an aspect of the quality of democracy, deriving not so much from the electoral process and from the enjoyment of political rights but from the protection of individual rights in general, the rule of law, and the probity, openness,…

Democratic Action (AD), social-democratic political party of Venezuela. Democratic Action was founded in 1936–37 as the National Democratic Party during a period when Venezuela’s government had relaxed its restrictive laws regulating political organizations. By the end of 1937, however, the

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Political process: …Herzegovina the national parties—the Bosniak Party of Democratic Action (Stranka Demokratske Akcije; SDA), the Serb Democratic Party (Srpska Demokratska Stranka; SDS), and the Croatian Democratic Union (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica; HDZ)—formed a tacit electoral coalition. The three swept the elections for the bicameral parliament and for the seven-member multiethnic presidency, which…

Bulgaria: Stamboliyski’s foreign policy: …the National Alliance (later called Democratic Alliance) and planned to march on Sofia to wrest control of the country. On the left, the communists viewed the Agrarian government as their principal opponent. But the most dangerous enemies were the Military League and Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).

Patricio Aylwin: …became the spokesperson for the Coalition of Parties for Democracy (Concertación de los Partidos por la Democracia; CPD). The CPD was a grouping of political parties created in February 1988, originally under the name Command for No (Comando por el No). After the resounding “no” vote that paved the way…

Portugal: The 1976 constitution and subsequent reforms: …constitution, a centre-right coalition, the Democratic Alliance (Alianca Democrática), swept into power. The new government swiftly moved to revise the character of the 1976 constitution. The Assembly of the Republic approved a series of reforms that included reducing the powers of the president and abolishing the Council of the Revolution,…

Democratic Alliance (DA), South African political party formed in 2000 through the merger of the Democratic Party, the New National Party (see National Party), and the Federal Alliance. The Democratic Alliance (DA) became the official opposition party to the African National Congress (ANC), though

Adolfo Suárez González: …a new political party, the Democratic and Social Centre, but it never achieved any significance. He made his last public appearance in 2003, before being diagnosed with Alzheimer disease.

René Pleven: …was president of the left-centre Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (Union Démocratique et Socialiste de la Résistance; UDSR); he was twice minister of defense (1949–50, 1952–54) and twice premier (July 1950–February 1951 and August 1951–January 1952).

democratic centralism, decision-making practice and disciplinary policy adopted by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and subsequently followed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and by communist parties in other countries. Democratic centralism purported to combine two opposing forms

Democratic Centralist, in the history of the Soviet Union, member of an opposition group within the Communist Party that objected to the growing centralization of power in party and government organs. The Democratic Centralist group developed during 1919–20 as the central government and party

Iván Duque: …the presidential candidate of the Democratic Centre (Centro Democrático; CD), the political party Uribe founded in 2014.

Spain: National parties: …Centre (Unión de Centro Democrático; UCD), and the major opposition party was the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE). The only other national parties of importance were the right-wing Popular Alliance (Alianza Popular; AP) and the Spanish Communist Party (Partido Comunista de España; PCE).

Argentina: Political process: …of dissident Peronists; and the Union of the Democratic Centre (Unión del Centro Democrático; UCD, or UCéDé), a traditional liberal party. The PJ has controlled the government most of the time since civilian rule was restored in the early 1980s, notably under President Carlos Menem in the 1990s. Frepaso was…

Ricardo Martinelli: In 1998 he formed the Democratic Change (Cambio Democrático; CD) political party. He then took office as chairman of the board of directors of the Panama Canal Authority and minister of canal affairs (1999–2003).

Liberia: Return to peace: …star George Weah of the Congress for Democratic Change (CDC) in the second round of polling. She became the first woman to be elected head of state in Africa. Sirleaf focused on rebuilding the country’s economy and infrastructure, both of which had been devastated by decades of conflict and instability.…

Lesotho: Challenges in the 21st century: …the party and establishing the Democratic Congress (DC), which then became the ruling party. When parliamentary elections were held later that year in May, the DC won more seats than any one party, but it did not win an outright majority and was unable to form a governing coalition. A…

Rahm Emanuel: …was named head of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee the following year. In that role it was his job to identify vulnerable Republican candidates, recruit suitable Democratic contenders, and secure financing to make the races competitive. The 2006 midterm elections saw the Democrats pick up 30 congressional seats and secure…

Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD), Tunisian political party that led the movement for independence from France (1956) and ruled Tunisia until 2011. The Neo-Destour was formed in 1934 by discontented young members of the more conservative Destour. After a bitter struggle with the parent

Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD), Tunisian political party that led the movement for independence from France (1956) and ruled Tunisia until 2011. The Neo-Destour was formed in 1934 by discontented young members of the more conservative Destour. After a bitter struggle with the parent

Romania: New constitution: …Constantinescu, the leader of the Democratic Convention of Romania (Convenția Democrată din România; CDR), whose party had formed a centre-right coalition with the Social Democratic Union (Uniunea Social Democrată; USD) and the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania (Uniunea Democrată a Maghiarilor din România; UDMR). In 1997 the former monarch Michael,…