damselfish, any of about 250 species of small, primarily tropical marine fishes of the family Pomacentridae (order Perciformes) found in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans. Damselfishes are deep-bodied and usually have forked tails. They resemble the related cichlids and, like them, have a single

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, painting by Pablo Picasso completed in 1907. At 25 years of age, with an already serious reputation as an artist, Picasso began work on a painting that he referred to as “mon bordel,” reflecting the painting’s original title, Le Bordel d’Avignon (The Brothel of Avignon).

Justice and Development Party: Expansion of power and decline in popular support: …Partisi); another breakaway party, the Democracy and Progress Party (Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi; DEVA), was formed in 2020. Both parties advocated a return to a parliamentary system of government and displayed common interest with opposition parties in unseating Erdoğan.

Theodor Julius Geiger: …creation of mass society; and Demokratic ohne Dogma (1964; “Democracy Without Dogma”) is notable for Geiger’s vision of a society depersonalized by ideology but redeemed by human relationships. Geiger died at sea when he was returning from a year as visiting professor in Toronto.

Democratic Centralist, in the history of the Soviet Union, member of an opposition group within the Communist Party that objected to the growing centralization of power in party and government organs. The Democratic Centralist group developed during 1919–20 as the central government and party

Gottfried Kinkel: …to journalism, founding the newspaper Demokratischer Verein (“Democratic Union”). Kinkel took an active part in the uprising in Baden in 1849 and was sentenced to imprisonment for life. Through the help of the reformer Carl Schurz, however, he escaped to London, where he became a professor. His journalism in London…

Russia: Government and society: (“restructuring”), glasnost (“openness”), and demokratizatsiya (“democratization”) reform policies—fundamental changes took place in the political system and government structures of the Soviet Union that altered both the nature of the Soviet federal state and the status and powers of the individual republics. In 1988 the Soviet Congress of People’s Deputies…

Eugène Demolder was a Belgian novelist, short-story writer, and art critic who was a member of the Jeune Belgique (“Young Belgium”) literary renaissance of the late 19th century. Demolder trained as a lawyer, and his memoirs, Sous la robe (1897; “Under the Robe”), provide a record of the

Horace L. Gold: 451 (1953); Alfred Bester’s novels The Demolished Man (1953), about crime in a telepathic society, and The Stars My Destination (1956), a story of revenge in the 25th century, based on Alexandre Dumas père’s The Count of Monte Cristo; and Isaac Asimov’s The Caves of Steel (1953), a mystery in…

Chris Cooper: …August: Osage County (2013), and Demolition (2015), and he portrayed J.D. Salinger in Coming Through the Rye (2015).

bomb: Conventional bomb types: Demolition bombs rely on the force of the blast to destroy buildings and other structures. They are usually fitted with a time-delay fuze, so that the bomb explodes only after it has smashed through several floors and is deep inside the target building. Fragmentation bombs,…

Sandra Bullock: Rise to stardom: …including the thriller The Vanishing; Demolition Man, in which she starred alongside action star Sylvester Stallone, and the drama Wrestling Ernest Hemingway. Her big breakthrough, however, was the thriller Speed (1994), about a policeman (played by Keanu Reeves) who, with the assistance of a plucky passenger (Bullock), must deactivate a…

Fulton, first steam-powered warship, weighing 2,745 displacement tons and measuring 156 feet (48 metres) in length, designed for the U.S. Navy by the U.S. engineer Robert Fulton. She was launched in October 1814 and her first trial run was in June of the following year. A wooden catamaran

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel: …drawn to Lermontov’s poem “Demon,” finding in it the kind of heroic figure he himself was drawn to—a rebel and a prophet, at once defiant and doomed to a life of utter loneliness. In his illustrations of Lermontov’s works, Vrubel demonstrated his mastery of graphic arts. His dense strokes…

angel and demon: demon, respectively, any benevolent or malevolent spiritual being that mediates between the transcendent and temporal realms.

Solorese: …into two opposing groups, the Demon and the Padzi, who have different political and religious beliefs.

demon, in Greek religion, a supernatural power. In Homer the term is used almost interchangeably with theos for a god. The distinction there is that theos emphasizes the personality of the god, and demon his activity. Hence, the term demon was regularly applied to sudden or unexpected supernatural

Barbara Kingsolver: Demon Copperhead (2022) is a modern retelling of Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield, set in Appalachia. The widely acclaimed work—which won a Pulitzer Prize and the Women’s Prize for Fiction—centres on a boy who endures a difficult childhood that includes foster homes and opioid addiction.

Damon Albarn: …sales of the Gorillaz album Demon Days (2005) demonstrated that Albarn’s newer band had become the more-popular act. Gorillaz later released Plastic Beach (2010), which promoted a message of environmental awareness, and The Fall (2010). After a six-year hiatus, Blur resumed performing in 2009, and its eighth studio album, The…

Judaism: Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha: …the “grateful dead” and the demon in the bridal chamber. The former relates how a traveller who gives burial to a dishonoured corpse is subsequently aided by a chance companion who turns out to be the spirit of the deceased. The latter tells how a succession of bridegrooms die on…

Elizabeth Bowen: …her collections of short stories, The Demon Lover (1945; U.S. title Ivy Gripped the Steps). Her essays appear in Collected Impressions (1950) and Afterthought (1962). Bowen’s last book, Pictures and Conversations (1975), is an introspective, partly autobiographical collection of essays and articles. Love’s Civil War: Elizabeth Bowen and Charles Ritchie:…

Western theatre: Shamanism: …archetypal genre known as the demon play, a primitive dance drama in which the force of good exorcises the force of evil. The demon play is still performed in various guises in parts of Asia. An interesting component, which also occurs in later Western theatre, is the use of clowns—often…

Carl Sagan: …in his last major book, The Demon-Haunted World (1996), significantly subtitled Science As a Candle in the Dark. Although he denied that he was an atheist, Sagan expressed skepticism about conventional religion, which he wanted to replace with a scientifically based belief system. Some critics claimed that Sagan’s arguments against…

Kızıl Adalar, group of nine islands (adalar) in the Sea of Marmara a few miles southeast of Istanbul; they are part of Turkey. There are permanent inhabitants on the smallest island, Sedef Adası (ancient Antirobethos), and on the four larger islands, Büyükada (Prinkipo, ancient Pityoussa), Heybeli

Most paper money today is fiat currency, meaning it has value because users have faith in the government backing it—not in the material it’s made from. And just as the government can giveth, it can taketh away. That’s right: Governments can use a process called demonetization to render bills or

mental health: …have supernatural origins, such as demonic possession. Even reformers sometimes used harsh methods of treatment—for example, the 18th-century American physician Benjamin Rush endorsed the practice of restraining mental patients with his notorious “tranquilising chair.”

mental health: …have supernatural origins, such as demonic possession. Even reformers sometimes used harsh methods of treatment—for example, the 18th-century American physician Benjamin Rush endorsed the practice of restraining mental patients with his notorious “tranquilising chair.”

Paulo Coelho: The Alchemist and other works: …e a Señorita Prym (2000; The Devil and Miss Prym), an investigation of the essential nature of humankind; and Onze minutos (2003; Eleven Minutes), which explores the boundaries between love and sex through the story of a prostitute. A bruxa de Portobello (2006; The Witch of Portobello) tells the story…

Judaism: Early stages to the 6th century ce: …angelology (doctrine about angels) and demonology (doctrine about devils); mythical geography and uranography (description of the heavens); contemplation of the divine manifestations, whose background was the Jerusalem Temple worship and the visions of the moving “throne” (merkava, “chariot”) in the prophecy of Ezekiel; reflection on the double origin of human…

Heimito von Doderer: …I Vienna, Die Dämonen (1956; The Demons), on which he had worked since 1931. It explores the society and mood of Vienna in 1926–27 in a many-layered web of detail and complex characterization.

The Possessed, novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, published in Russian in 1872 as Besy. The book, also known in English as The Devils and The Demons, is a reflection of Dostoyevsky’s belief that revolutionists possessed the soul of Russia and that, unless exorcised by a renewed faith in Orthodox

The Possessed, novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, published in Russian in 1872 as Besy. The book, also known in English as The Devils and The Demons, is a reflection of Dostoyevsky’s belief that revolutionists possessed the soul of Russia and that, unless exorcised by a renewed faith in Orthodox

proof, in logic, an argument that establishes the validity of a proposition. Although proofs may be based on inductive logic, in general the term proof connotes a rigorous deduction. In formal axiomatic systems of logic and mathematics, a proof is a finite sequence of well-formed formulas

United States: The Great Society: The Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Area Redevelopment Act of 1966 provided aid to cities rebuilding blighted areas. Other measures dealt with mass transit, truth in packaging and lending, beautification, conservation, water and air quality, safety, and support for the arts.

St. Irenaeus: Irenaeus’s writings: conflict with the gnostics: A shorter work by Irenaeus, Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching, also written in Greek, is extant only in an Armenian translation probably intended for the instruction of young candidates for baptism.

Samuel Clarke: …sets of lectures, published as A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God (1705) and A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion (1706). In the first set he attempted to prove the existence of God by a method “as near to Mathematical, as the nature of such…

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: Early life and education: …this reunion, worked on the Demonstrationes Catholicae. His research led him to situate the soul in a point—this was new progress toward the monad—and to develop the principle of sufficient reason (nothing exists or occurs without a reason). His meditations on the difficult theory of the point were related to…

compellence: Demonstrative compellence involves a limited use of force coupled with the threat of escalating violence (which may also include full-scale war) to come if demands are not met. This kind of compellence is what Schelling referred to as the “diplomacy of violence.” A state does…

evidence: Real evidence: The remaining form of evidence is so-called real evidence, also known as demonstrative or objective evidence. This is naturally the most direct evidence, since the objects in question are inspected by the judge or jury themselves. Problems arise in this area over who…

epistemology: John Locke: Demonstrative knowledge, although certain, is not as certain as intuitive knowledge, according to Locke, because it requires effort and attention to go through the steps needed to recognize the certainty of the conclusion.

pronoun: Demonstrative pronouns: Demonstrative pronouns point to the noun that they replace. There are four demonstrative pronouns in English: this, that, these, and those. This and that are singular and refer to things relatively near to or far from the speaker, respectively. These is the plural of this…

demonym, term which refers to a person or group of people living in or from a specific place. Rooted in the Greek words dēmos, which refers to an administrative division or its people, and onyma, meaning “name,” the term alludes to the nomenclature of the ancient Athenians who were named according

Demophon, in Greek mythology, the son of Celeus, king of Eleusis. According to the Homeric hymn to Demeter, the goddess Demeter, wandering in search of her daughter Persephone, became Demophon’s nurse. As an act of kindness to those who had sheltered her, she attempted to immortalize him by burning

Demopolis, city, Marengo county, western Alabama, U.S. It is situated about 100 miles (160 km) west of Montgomery, at the confluence of the Tombigbee and Black Warrior rivers, which form a navigable waterway. Founded in 1817 by Napoleonic exiles who unsuccessfully tried to raise olives and grapes,

Rudolf Kjellén: …power of the state; and demopolitik, the nation’s racial elements and the problems that they create. Late in his life he analyzed the different kinds of national constitutions. Kjellén served several terms as a conservative member of the Swedish parliament. His influence was particularly strong in Germany, where his Staten…

Ellen Louise Curtis Demorest was an American businesswoman, widely credited with the invention of the mass-produced paper pattern for clothing. Ellen Curtis graduated from Schuylerville Academy at age 18 and then opened a millinery shop. In 1858 she married William J. Demorest in New York City.

deme, in ancient Greece, country district or village, as distinct from a polis, or city-state. Dēmos also meant the common people (like the Latin plebs). In Cleisthenes’ democratic reform at Athens (508/507 bce), the demes of Attica (the area around Athens) were given status in local and state

siliceous sponge, any sponge in which the main skeletal component is silica as opposed to calcium carbonate or fibrous organic materials only. More than 95 percent of all known sponge species have a siliceous skeleton and belong to the class Demospongiae (phylum Porifera). The siliceous skeleton is

Georges Clemenceau: Later years of Georges Clemenceau: He wrote Démosthène (1926; Demosthenes, 1926), a study of Demosthenes and the fate of Greece, whose political instability had compromised its independence. He also wrote Au soir de la pensée (1927; In the Evening of My Thought, 1929), a sort of philosophic testament. He remained interested in political events…

Demosthenes was an Athenian statesman, recognized as the greatest of ancient Greek orators, who roused Athens to oppose Philip of Macedon and, later, his son Alexander the Great. His speeches provide valuable information on the political, social, and economic life of 4th-century Athens.

Georges Clemenceau: Later years of Georges Clemenceau: He wrote Démosthène (1926; Demosthenes, 1926), a study of Demosthenes and the fate of Greece, whose political instability had compromised its independence. He also wrote Au soir de la pensée (1927; In the Evening of My Thought, 1929), a sort of philosophic testament. He remained interested in political events…

Demosthenes was an Athenian general who proved to be an imaginative strategist during the Peloponnesian War (Athens versus Sparta, 431–404). In 426 he unsuccessfully besieged the Corinthian colony of Leukas and was severely defeated in an attempted invasion of Aetolia. Demosthenes redeemed these

Tower of the Winds, building in Athens erected about 100–50 bc by Andronicus of Cyrrhus for measuring time. Still standing, it is an octagonal marble structure 42 feet (12.8 m) high and 26 feet (7.9 m) in diameter. Each of the building’s eight sides faces a point of the compass and is decorated

ancient Egypt: Sources, calendars, and chronology: The Demotic Chronicle, a text of the Ptolemaic period, purports to foretell the bad end that would befall numerous Late period kings as divine retribution for their wicked actions.

Demotic Greek language, a modern vernacular of Greece. In modern times it has been the standard spoken language and, by the 20th century, had become almost the sole language of Greek creative literature. In January 1976, by government order, it became the official language of the state, replacing

demotic script, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing of cursive form that was used in handwritten texts from the early 7th century bce until the 5th century ce. Demotic script derived from the earlier pictographic hieroglyphic inscriptions and the cursive hieratic script, and it began to replace hieratic

Demotic Greek language, a modern vernacular of Greece. In modern times it has been the standard spoken language and, by the 20th century, had become almost the sole language of Greek creative literature. In January 1976, by government order, it became the official language of the state, replacing

Islamic arts: Painting: …14th-century Persian painting, the so-called Demotte Shāh-nāmeh (named for the French dealer Georges Demotte who destroyed the binding in the early 20th century), also called the Great Mongol Shāh-nāmeh. Illustrated between 1320 and 1360, its 56 preserved miniatures have been dispersed all over the world. The compositional complexity of those…

railroad: Development: …internal COFC traffic used the swapbody, or demountable, which is similar in principle to, but more lightly constructed, cheaper, and easier to transship than the maritime container; the latter has to withstand stacking several deep on board ship and at ports, which is not a requisite for the swapbody. As…

South Sumatra: Geography: …8,000 feet (2,400 metres), including Mount Dempo (10,364 feet [3,159 metres]) and Mount Resagi (7,323 feet [2,232 metres]). The highlands descend rapidly to a wide plain that is separated from the northeastern coast by a belt of swamps as much as 150 miles (240 km) wide. Sluggish and swollen rivers,…

Luis Firpo: …Bellows in the painting entitled Dempsey vs. Firpo. Firpo continued boxing until 1936, but the match with Dempsey was his only world title bout. He had 36 recorded bouts, of which he won 29 (25 by knockout).

Jack Dempsey was an American world heavyweight boxing champion, regarded by many as the epitome of the professional fighter. He held the title from July 4, 1919, when he knocked out Jess Willard in three rounds in Toledo, Ohio, until September 23, 1926, when he lost a 10-round decision to Gene

Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey was an American nurse and hospital administrator, remembered for her exceptional medical and administrative abilities and for her contributions to nursing education. Julia Dempsey in August 1878 entered the Third Order Regular of St. Francis of the Congregation of Our

Martin Dempsey is a U.S. Army general who served as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (2011–15). Dempsey graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1974 and received his army commission that same year as an armor officer with the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment. He

Martin Dempsey is a U.S. Army general who served as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (2011–15). Dempsey graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1974 and received his army commission that same year as an armor officer with the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment. He

the Cure:

Miles Christopher Dempsey was a British army officer who commanded the Second Army, the main British force in the Allied drive across western Europe (1944–45) during World War II. Dempsey was commissioned in the British Army in 1915 and fought in France during World War I. He was a lieutenant

Nonpareil Jack Dempsey was an Irish-born American bare-knuckle fighter who was the world middleweight champion from 1884 to 1891. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Dempsey, who moved to the United States as a young child, was a proficient wrestler before he began his career as a

Grey’s Anatomy: …characters included Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.), Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), and Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl). Most of the action takes place in Seattle Grace Hospital, where Meredith and her peers face obstacles, first as interns striving to become residents and…

Miles Christopher Dempsey was a British army officer who commanded the Second Army, the main British force in the Allied drive across western Europe (1944–45) during World War II. Dempsey was commissioned in the British Army in 1915 and fought in France during World War I. He was a lieutenant

Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey was an American nurse and hospital administrator, remembered for her exceptional medical and administrative abilities and for her contributions to nursing education. Julia Dempsey in August 1878 entered the Third Order Regular of St. Francis of the Congregation of Our

New Orleans Saints: …through the 1982 season, and Tom Dempsey, who kicked an NFL-record (tied in 1998) 63-yard game-winning field goal in 1970. In 1983 the team’s fans adopted a long-standing chant used at local high school and collegiate football games. The chant (“Who dat? Who dat? Who dat say dey gonna beat…

Jack Dempsey was an American world heavyweight boxing champion, regarded by many as the epitome of the professional fighter. He held the title from July 4, 1919, when he knocked out Jess Willard in three rounds in Toledo, Ohio, until September 23, 1926, when he lost a 10-round decision to Gene

Arctic: Land transport: …branch off this road, the Dempster Highway, reaches Inuvik, Northwest Territories, in the Mackenzie River delta.

Arthur Jeffrey Dempster was an American physicist who built the first mass spectrometer, a device used to separate and measure the quantities of different charged particles, such as atomic nuclei or molecular fragments. Dempster was educated at the University of Toronto (A.B., 1909; M.A., 1910) and

Chicago Cubs: …honours in 2008), and pitchers Ryan Dempster, Carlos Zambrano, and Ted Lilly, in 2007 and 2008 the Cubs won consecutive NL Central Division titles—the first time in 100 years that the team qualified for the playoffs in consecutive seasons. In 2009 the Cubs had a winning season but missed out…

Austronesian languages: The work of Otto Dempwolff: The modern study of the Austronesian languages is generally traced to the German medical doctor and linguist Otto Dempwolff, whose three-volume Comparative Phonology of Austronesian Word Lists, published between 1934 and 1938, established a more complete sound system than that of Brandstetter and…

Kirk Douglas was an American film actor and producer best known for his portrayals of resolute, emotionally charged heroes and antiheroes. The son of Russian Jewish immigrants, he was born Issur Danielovitch and later became known as Izzy Demsky before taking the stage name Kirk Douglas. He worked

demurrer, in law, a process whereby a party hypothetically admits as true certain facts alleged by the opposition but asserts that they are not sufficient grounds for relief, or redress. A ruling on a demurrer can result in the quick disposition of a case resting on the point of law challenged in

mosaic: Middle Byzantine mosaics: The 20th-century Austrian scholar Otto Demus, in studies on the aesthetics of middle Byzantine mosaic art, coined the term space icons for this kind of imagery, in which the forms of architecture collaborate to make the solemnly stylized figures appear with unexpected tactility. As shown by Demus, the spatial…

Charles Demuth was a painter who helped channel modern European movements into American art and who was also a leading exponent of Precisionism. Demuth’s early training was under Thomas Anshutz and William Merritt Chase at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Between 1907 and 1913 Demuth made

Jacques Demy was a French director best known for his romantic musical-comedy films. Demy studied for two years at France’s Technical School of Photography and Cinematography and then was an assistant to animator Paul Grimault (1952–54) and to director Georges Roquier (1954–57). Demy’s early films

encephalitis: Demyelinating encephalitis: A large number of acute encephalitides are of the type known as demyelinating encephalitis, which may develop in children as a complication of viral diseases such as measles or chickenpox or as a result of vaccination against such viral diseases as smallpox. Damage…

muscle disease: Lower motor neuron disease: These are known as demyelinating neuropathies. Symptoms are similar to neuropathies with axonal degeneration, but since the axons remain intact, the muscles rarely atrophy. Recovery from demyelinating neuropathies can be rapid. Diphtheria and autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome cause demyelinating neuropathies. Other causes of peripheral neuropathy include diabetes…

brainstem: …trauma, tumours, strokes, infections, and demyelination (multiple sclerosis). Complete loss of brainstem function is regarded by some experts as equivalent to brain death.

brainstem: …trauma, tumours, strokes, infections, and demyelination (multiple sclerosis). Complete loss of brainstem function is regarded by some experts as equivalent to brain death.

myth: Demythologization of major religious traditions: Demythologization should be distinguished from secularization. Every living mythology must come to terms with the world in which it is transmitted and to that extent inevitably goes through processes of secularization. Demythologization, however, refers to the conscious efforts people make…

’s-Hertogenbosch, gemeente (municipality), south-central Netherlands. It is situated where the Dommel and Aa rivers join to form the Dieze and lies along the Zuidwillemsvaart (canal). Chartered in 1185 by Henry I, duke of Brabant, who had a hunting lodge nearby (hence the name, meaning “the duke’s

Henrik Pontoppidan: …example, Nattevagt (1894; “Night Watch”), Den Gamle Adam (1895; “The Old Adam”), and Højsang (1896; “Song of Songs”). These were followed by a major work, the novel Lykke-Per (1898–1904; Lucky Per, originally published in eight volumes), in which the chief character bears some resemblance to Pontoppidan himself. He is a…

Gerard Butler: …included a cavalier cop in Den of Thieves, a submarine commander in Hunter Killer, and one of three lighthouse keepers who mysteriously vanish off a remote Scottish island in The Vanishing (original title Keepers). He then appeared in Greenland (2020), a thriller about a natural disaster, and Copshop (2021), in…

Denakil Plain, arid lowland of northern Ethiopia and southeastern Eritrea, bordering Djibouti. It lies at the northern extreme of the Great Rift Valley and the Awash River. Live volcanoes (often called the Denakil Alps) separate it from the Red Sea. Any water that comes into the plain evaporates

Mount McKinley, highest peak in North America. It is located near the center of the Alaska Range, with two summits rising above the Denali Fault, in south-central Alaska, U.S. Mount McKinley’s official elevation figure of 20,310 feet (6,190 meters), established by the United States Geological

Denali National Park and Preserve, vast region with an unspoiled natural environment of alpine tundra and boreal forest (taiga) in south-central Alaska, U.S. It lies roughly equidistant from Fairbanks to the northeast and Anchorage to the south-southeast and is some 200 miles (320 km) south of the

North Macedonia: Finance: …Macedonia’s national currency is the denar. The National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia is the bank of issue, authorizes bank licensing, and oversees a system composed of banks (some of which are permitted to conduct only domestic business) and “savings houses.” A large portion of capital in the…

Robert H. Dennard was an American engineer credited with the invention of the one-transistor cell for dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and with pioneering the set of consistent scaling principles that underlie the improved performance of increasingly miniaturized integrated circuits, two pivotal

coin: Introduction of the denarius: Adjustment of the previously fluctuating relationship between bronze and silver was first secured by the issue about 211 bc of the silver denarius (marked X—i.e., 10 bronze asses), together with fractional coins, also of silver (marked V—i.e., five; and IIS—i.e., 2 1 2 asses—a…

aureus, basic gold monetary unit of ancient Rome and the Roman world. It was first named nummus aureus (“gold money”), or denarius aureus, and was equal to 25 silver denarii; a denarius equaled 10 bronze asses. (In 89 bc, the sestertius, equal to one-quarter of a denarius, replaced the bronze ass

F.A. Hayek: Life and major works: …in the 1970s Hayek’s monograph The Denationalization of Money was published by the Institute of Economic Affairs in London, one of the many classical liberal think tanks that Hayek, directly or indirectly, had a hand in establishing.

denaturation, in biology, process modifying the molecular structure of a protein or nucleic acid. Denaturation involves the breaking of many of the weak linkages, or noncovalent bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, within a protein or nucleic acid molecule. Denaturation can

Denbigh, market town, historic and present county of Denbighshire (Sir Ddinbych), northern Wales. It is situated just west of the River Clwyd, about 10 miles (16 km) south of Rhyl. After the English king Edward I conquered Wales, Henry de Lacy, 3rd earl of Lincoln, founded a borough there in 1283