DNS, network service that converts between World Wide Web “name” addresses and numeric Internet addresses. The concept of a name server came about as a result of the first computer networks in the mid-1970s. Each computer on a network was identified by a unique number, but, as the size of computer

Romania: The revolution of 1989: …and Iliescu’s supporters formed the Democratic National Salvation Front (DNSF). The party maintained its political dominance, as evidenced by its successes in parliamentary and presidential elections held in September and October 1992, in which Iliescu was reelected and his party emerged as the largest in the parliament. A loose coalition…

German National People’s Party, right-wing political party active in the Reichstag (assembly) of the Weimar Republic of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Representing chauvinistic opinion hostile to the republic and to the Allies’ reparation demands following World War I, it supported the restoration of

Dnieper River, river of Europe, the fourth longest after the Volga, Danube, and Ural. It is 1,367 miles (2,200 km) in length and drains an area of about 195,000 square miles (505,000 square km). The Dnieper rises at an elevation of about 720 feet (220 metres) in a small peat bog on the southern

African art: Bwa and Mossi: A religious organization called Do is a major force in Bwa life; Do is incarnated in the leaf mask, in which the masker is entirely covered with vines, grasses, and leaves. Wooden masks embody bush spirits, invoked to benefit humankind and the natural forces on which life depends. Abstract…

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, science-fiction novel by Philip K. Dick, published in 1968. Dick’s novels are a continual and sometimes surprising source of inspiration for Hollywood. Total Recall (1990; from the 1966 short story “We Can Remember It for You Wholesale”), Minority Report

The answer is “probably.” Research has shown that many animals experience a sleep phase similar to humans known as REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is closely associated with dreaming. This phase is characterized by increased brain activity and is when most vivid dreams occur. Studies have

The answer: it depends on the bee. There are more than 20,000 species of bees, with quite a bit of diversity when it comes to stinging. The most familiar bee is the western honeybee, the females of which do indeed die after stinging. Stingers are modified ovipositors (egg-laying organs), meaning

Cows are notorious for their emissions of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. Cows produce methane through digestion, emitting the gas in burps, flatulence, and waste. In Denmark, for instance, cows have been such prolific methane producers that the government plans to tax their emissions starting in

Many marine fish, i.e., those that live in seawater, drink large quantities of water, while freshwater fish typically drink very little water. This difference is due to the process of osmoregulation—in this case, how a fish maintains its internal balance of water and salts. Seawater has a higher

Most people consider traditional investments for their retirement accounts—stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds—but a common alternative investment can also be part of a retirement portfolio: gold. Retirees can own physical gold, and certain other precious metals, in a

You may wonder if you need a will. If you’re like many people, you may have been wondering for a while now. People often put it off. It’s not fun to think about your own death, and the process of making a will involves research and costs money. How much money you spend getting your will in place

A well-diversified portfolio typically includes fixed-income investments. These are interest-paying instruments such as treasury bonds, corporate bonds, and the certificates of deposit (CDs) you might find on offer at your local bank. When you own a fixed-income investment, you receive a

Deciding whether you need life insurance is one of those milestones that signals you’ve stumbled into adulthood. Although an insurance agent might insist that more coverage is always better—likely influenced by their commission structure—the truth is more nuanced. Life insurance is essential for

Jellyfish, with their ethereal translucent bodies, seem otherworldly, and watching them move in the water like glowing apparitions inspires curiosity and raises questions, such as whether they possess a brain. The short answer is no, jellyfish do not have brains. They instead possess what is known

Kangaroo boxing is an actual behavior observed in these Australian marsupials. Male kangaroos box with other males primarily to establish dominance and gain access to females during the mating season. These matches involve not only boxing but also biting and kicking. With their agile arms,

In the world of seahorses it is the males who carry their developing young. After an elaborate courtship dance the female uses her ovipositor to deposit eggs into a special brood pouch located at the base of the male’s tail. This pouch is where the eggs are fertilized. The fertilized eggs remain in

Unforeseen health problems and medical emergencies can happen to anyone at any time. And if an emergency strikes close to home, perhaps the last thing on your mind is how your credit score will hold up. The good news—or at least the silver lining—is that medical debt can get special treatment

Hoa Lo Prison: Do Muoi, general secretary of the Communist Party in the 1990s, was a former inmate who escaped along with 100 others through the sewer system in 1945.

Phylicia Rashad: …disorder in the TV series Do No Harm. She later had recurring roles in Empire and This Is Us; her work in the latter series earned her two Emmy nominations. She was also cast as the title character’s teacher in the TV series David Makes Man (2019– ). In addition,…

do not resuscitate order (DNR order), an advance medical directive that requests that doctors do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a person’s heart or breathing stops. A do not resuscitate (DNR) order is placed on the individual’s medical chart, and sometimes a coloured “Do Not

Hindu Kush: Physiography: …in the east to the Dorāh (Do Rāh) Pass (14,940 feet [4,554 metres]) not far from Mount Tirich Mir; the central Hindu Kush, which then continues to the Shebar (Shībar) Pass (9,800 feet [2,987 metres]) to the northwest of Kabul; and the western Hindu Kush, also known as the Bābā…

Dust Bowl: …“Dust Bowl Refugee” and “Do Re Mi” by folksinger Woody Guthrie, an Oklahoman who had joined the parade of those headed west in search of work. That experience was perhaps most famously depicted in John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939).

Do the Right Thing, comedy-drama film, released in 1989, that focuses on the racial tensions in a neighborhood in New York City as they come to a head on the hottest day of the year. The acclaimed yet controversial film was written and directed by Spike Lee and was nominated for two Academy Awards.

Bob Geldof: …Geldof wrote the track “Do They Know It’s Christmas?” with his writing partner Midge Ure, front man of the band Ultravox. Geldof then recruited some of the biggest names in the British pop scene—Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran, George Michael, Sting, Bono, Phil Collins, Boy George, and others—to…

In the United States college athletics is a multibillion-dollar industry, with ticket sales, merchandise, and broadcast and streaming rights all being major revenue sources for universities. Of course, none of that money comes in without the athletes. But unlike professional athletes, who are often

Kristin Hunter Lattany: Do Unto Others (2000) investigates the cultural differences between African Americans and recent African immigrants through the story of a hair salon owner who shelters a young Nigerian woman. Lattany delved into campus race relations in Breaking Away (2003), which centres on a black professor…

Joyce Carol Oates: …of a National Book Award), Do with Me What You Will (1973), Black Water (1992), Foxfire: Confessions of a Girl Gang (1993), Zombie (1995), We Were the Mulvaneys (1996), Broke Heart Blues (1999), The Falls (2004), My Sister, My Love: The

the Lovin’ Spoonful: The first, “Do You Believe in Magic?” (1965), celebrated music’s liberating power, as did “Nashville Cats” (1966). Other hits included gentle ruminations on romance—“You Didn’t Have to Be So Nice” (1965), “Daydream” (1966), and “Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind?” (1966)—and the uncharacteristically boisterous…

Burt Bacharach: …a Little Prayer,” and “Do You Know the Way to San Jose?” He and David created the successful musical Promises, Promises (1968), and their score for the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) won an Academy Award, as did the movie’s song “Raindrops Keep Fallin’ on My…

Just about every account you open is monitored for your credit history. Got a credit card? It’s being reported to a credit bureau. Checking accounts are no exception. Many banks report checking account infractions, such as carrying a negative balance for a long period, to reporting agencies like

If you are (or were) married, and you worked as a caregiver or part-time (or even full-time at a low salary) for most of your adult life, Social Security provides a way for you to get a little more retirement income than you might expect. Social Security spousal benefits allow you to get a monthly

Emir Kusturica: Films of the 1980s: …li se Dolly Bell? (1981; Do You Remember Dolly Bell?), is a tale of an adolescent growing up in a poor family dominated by his despotic father in the 1960s. Poetic and nostalgic, the movie, which was written by the Bosnian author Abdulah Sidran, won the Golden Lion award at…

air warfare: Strategic bombing: …of German He-111, Ju-88, and Do-17 bombers would cross the English Channel at about 15,000 feet. Close escort would be provided by Bf-109s and Bf-110s weaving in and out of the formation. The Germans quickly learned that the twin-engined Bf-110s could not hold their own against the humbler Spitfires and…

military aircraft: Bombers: The later Do 217 had a range of 2,400 km (1,500 miles) and could carry a bombload of 4,000 kg (8,800 pounds), but it was built only in small numbers. The Germans never built a successful four-engined bomber.

Dahomey: The other, Do-Aklin, went north to found the kingdom of Abomey, core of the future Dahomey. They all paid tribute to the powerful Yoruba kingdom of Oyo to the east.

hardcore punk: …and intensity, aggressive sound, and DIY (do-it-yourself) ethics. Hardcore came to the fore in a number of American cities during the late 1970s and early ’80s and spread to many other countries. It spawned several subcultures that subscribe to a variety of ideologies, most of them antiestablishment in some form.

Pakistan: The Indus River plain: …of interfluves, known locally as doabs, in Punjab province (Persian panj āb, “five waters,” in reference to the five rivers). In the lower plain the Indus River has a Nilotic character; i.e., it forms a single large river with no significant tributaries. The plain narrows to form a corridor near…

Annie Dillard is an American writer best known for her meditative essays on the natural world. Dillard attended Hollins College in Virginia (B.A., 1967; M.A., 1968). She was a scholar-in-residence at Western Washington University in Bellingham from 1975 to 1978 and on the faculty of Wesleyan

Hoosac Tunnel: …along with electric firing, by Thomas Doane, the resident engineer. Even more important, the development of compressed-air drilling machinery on the Hoosac helped launch the American pneumatic tool industry, which assumed immense significance in mining and construction. These innovations greatly accelerated progress in excavating the tunnel, which entered service in…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Doassansiales Parasitic on plants; holobasidia (single-celled, may be club-shaped); teliosporic; example genera include Doassansia, Rhamphospora, and Nannfeldtiomyces. Order Entylomatales Parasitic and pathogenic on plants, causing rice leaf smut and dahlia smut; ballistospore-forming; example genera include Entyloma and

Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), one of the first lesbian organizations to be established. Founded in San Francisco in 1955, the organization took its name from a collection of poems written by Pierre Louÿs called Songs of Bilitis. Bilitis was a female character who was romantically associated with

Silurian Period: Ordovician-Silurian boundary: …fixed at a horizon in Dob’s Linn near Moff in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The effect on sea level of Late Ordovician glaciation, combined with increasing deglaciation during the early Silurian, accounts for widespread stratigraphic unconformities at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary that usually omit the P. acuminatus biozone. In earliest…

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, legal decision in which the U.S. Supreme Court in June 2022 overturned two historic Supreme Court rulings, Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992), which had respectively established and affirmed a

weaving: Dobby weaves, requiring a special loom attachment, have small, geometric, textured, frequently repeated woven-in designs, as seen in bird’s-eye piqué. Leno weaves, also made with a special attachment, are usually lightweight and open, giving a lacelike appearance, and are made by twisting adjacent warp yarns…

Doberman Pinscher, breed of working dog developed in Apolda, Germany, by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector, night watchman, dogcatcher, and keeper of a dog pound, about 1890. The Doberman Pinscher is a sleek, agile, and powerful dog standing 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 cm) at the

Sydney Thompson Dobell was an English poet of the so-called Spasmodic school. The long dramatic poem The Roman (1850), which Dobell published under the name Sydney Yendys, celebrated the cause of Italian liberation. Another long poem, Balder (1853), is concerned with the inner life of a poet who

Johannes Cochlaeus was a German Humanist and a leading Roman Catholic opponent of Martin Luther. Educated at the University of Cologne (1504–10), Cochlaeus became rector of the Latin School of St. Lawrence, Nürnberg (1510–15), where he published several textbooks that notably improved instructional

Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner was a German chemist whose observation of similarities among certain elements anticipated the development of the periodic system of elements. As a coachman’s son, Döbereiner had little opportunity for formal schooling, but he was apprenticed to an apothecary, read widely,

Doberman Pinscher, breed of working dog developed in Apolda, Germany, by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector, night watchman, dogcatcher, and keeper of a dog pound, about 1890. The Doberman Pinscher is a sleek, agile, and powerful dog standing 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 cm) at the

Doberman Pinscher, breed of working dog developed in Apolda, Germany, by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector, night watchman, dogcatcher, and keeper of a dog pound, about 1890. The Doberman Pinscher is a sleek, agile, and powerful dog standing 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 cm) at the

Doberman Pinscher: … developed in Apolda, Germany, by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector, night watchman, dogcatcher, and keeper of a dog pound, about 1890. The Doberman Pinscher is a sleek, agile, and powerful dog standing 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 cm) at the withers and weighing 60 to 100…

Doberman Pinscher, breed of working dog developed in Apolda, Germany, by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector, night watchman, dogcatcher, and keeper of a dog pound, about 1890. The Doberman Pinscher is a sleek, agile, and powerful dog standing 24 to 28 inches (61 to 71 cm) at the

Texas: The arts: …the novel Lonesome Dove (1986); J. Frank Dobie (1888–1964), who captured the essence of “old Texas” in stories of cowboys and gold mines as well as in folktales of the region’s unique physical features and animals; Pulitzer Prize-winning dramatist and screenwriter Horton Foote of Wharton, who set dozens of plays…

Spanish literature: Theatre: Written in the 1960s, La doble historia del doctor Valmy (“The Double Case History of Doctor Valmy”) was performed in Spain for the first time in 1976; the play’s political content made it too controversial to stage there during Franco’s rule. Alfonso Sastre rejected Buero’s formula, preferring more-direct Marxist…

Costa Rica: The arts: Fabián Dobles and Carlos Luis Fallas have attracted international attention as writers of novels with social protest themes. Carmen Naranjo is one of several noted female writers. Among the folk arts, Costa Rica is most famous for its highly decorated oxcarts and wood carvings.

history of flight: Turbine-powered helicopters: …turbine) helicopter was the German Doblhoff WNF 342, which flew in 1943 using three hollow rotors through which a mixture of fuel and air was compressed to burn through nozzles at the blade tips for vertical takeoffs and landings. A conventional piston engine was used for horizontal flight. In 1947…

Alfred Döblin was a German novelist and essayist, the most talented narrative writer of the German Expressionist movement. Döblin studied medicine and became a doctor, practicing psychiatry in the workers’ district of the Alexanderplatz in Berlin. His Jewish ancestry and socialist views obliged him

Johannes Cochlaeus was a German Humanist and a leading Roman Catholic opponent of Martin Luther. Educated at the University of Cologne (1504–10), Cochlaeus became rector of the Latin School of St. Lawrence, Nürnberg (1510–15), where he published several textbooks that notably improved instructional

Aru Islands: Dobo, the main town, on small Wamar Island, is the site of the principal harbour and a minor airport. All the islands are low, covered with dense forest, and edged by swampy coastal areas. Vegetation includes screw pines, palm trees, kanari (Java almond), and tree…

István Dobó was a Hungarian landowner and captain of the fortress of Eger, where in 1552 he scored a historic victory over the besieging Ottoman army. On Sept. 11, 1552, led by Grand Vizier Ahmed and Ali, pasha of Buda, some 150,000 well-equipped Turkish troops laid siege to Eger, defended by just

István Dobó was a Hungarian landowner and captain of the fortress of Eger, where in 1552 he scored a historic victory over the besieging Ottoman army. On Sept. 11, 1552, led by Grand Vizier Ahmed and Ali, pasha of Buda, some 150,000 well-equipped Turkish troops laid siege to Eger, defended by just

Dobrich, town, northeastern Bulgaria. It lies on the road and railway line between Varna and Constanța, Rom., and is a long-established market town. Under Turkish rule from the 15th century until 1878, the town was called Bazardzhik; after liberation it became Dobrich. While part of Romania from

Dobrich, town, northeastern Bulgaria. It lies on the road and railway line between Varna and Constanța, Rom., and is a long-established market town. Under Turkish rule from the 15th century until 1878, the town was called Bazardzhik; after liberation it became Dobrich. While part of Romania from

Slavic religion: Folk conceptions: …of abundance; ray (“paradise”); and dobro (“the good”). The word bog is an Indo-Iranian word signifying riches, abundance, and good fortune. Sporysh symbolizes the same concept. In Iranian ray has a similar meaning, which it probably also had in Slavic languages before it acquired the Christian meaning of paradise. Bog,…

Aeroflot, Russian airline that was formerly the national airline of the Soviet Union. The Soviet state airline was founded in 1928 under the name Dobroflot and was reorganized under the name Aeroflot in 1932. Dobroflot, or Dobrovolny Flot, grew out of two former airlines: Dobrolyot, founded in

Dobruja, a region of the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea. The larger, northern part belongs to Romania, the smaller, southern part to Bulgaria. It is a tableland of some 8,970 square miles (23,000 square km) in area, resembling a steppe with maximum

Nikolay Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov was a radical Russian utilitarian critic who rejected traditional and Romantic literature. Dobrolyubov, the son of a priest, was educated at a seminary and a pedagogical institute. Early in his life he rejected traditionalism and found his ideal in progress as

Philokalia: Petersburg under the title of Dobrotoliubie. It was translated by the starets (spiritual leader) Paissy Velitchkovsky, who introduced a neo-Hesychast spiritual renewal into Russian and Moldavian monasticism. Whereas in Greece the Philokalia apparently had little influence outside certain schools of monasticism (although attempts were made to reach a wider public…

Aeroflot, Russian airline that was formerly the national airline of the Soviet Union. The Soviet state airline was founded in 1928 under the name Dobroflot and was reorganized under the name Aeroflot in 1932. Dobroflot, or Dobrovolny Flot, grew out of two former airlines: Dobrolyot, founded in

Georgy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky was a Soviet cosmonaut, mission commander on the Soyuz 11 mission in which he, along with design engineer Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev and flight engineer Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov, remained in space a record 24 days. They created the first manned orbital scientific

Josef Dobrovský was a scholar of the Czech language, antiquary, and a principal founder of comparative Slavic linguistics. Educated for the Roman Catholic priesthood, Dobrovský devoted himself to scholarship after the temporary dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773. He was tireless in his

Dobruja, a region of the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea. The larger, northern part belongs to Romania, the smaller, southern part to Bulgaria. It is a tableland of some 8,970 square miles (23,000 square km) in area, resembling a steppe with maximum

Dobruja, a region of the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea. The larger, northern part belongs to Romania, the smaller, southern part to Bulgaria. It is a tableland of some 8,970 square miles (23,000 square km) in area, resembling a steppe with maximum

Dobruja, a region of the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea. The larger, northern part belongs to Romania, the smaller, southern part to Bulgaria. It is a tableland of some 8,970 square miles (23,000 square km) in area, resembling a steppe with maximum

Jaroslav Hašek: …of short stories, of which Dobrý voják Švejk a jiné podivné historky (1912; “Good Soldier Schweik and Other Strange Stories”) is among the best known. From 1904–07 he was an editor of anarchist publications. Drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army, Hašek was captured on the Russian front during World War I…

Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin was a Soviet diplomat, ambassador to the United States (1962–86), and dean of the Washington, D.C., diplomatic corps (1979–86). The son of a worker, Dobrynin graduated from the Sergo Ordzhonikidze Moscow Aviation Institute during the war year of 1942 and worked as an

Theodosius Dobzhansky was a Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionist whose work had a major influence on 20th-century thought and research on genetics and evolutionary theory. The son of a mathematics teacher, Dobzhansky attended the University of Kiev (1917–21), where he remained to teach.

Dobšiná, town, Košický kraj (region), eastern Slovakia. It lies in the Slovak Ore Mountains, on the Slaná River northwest of Košice. The settlement was founded in 1326 by immigrant German miners and has retained the character of its lumbering and iron-mining past. A few miles northwest is Dobšinká

Dobšiná: A few miles northwest is Dobšinká Ice Cave, set in massive limestone rocks. The cave’s largest room, called “Big Hall,” is 396 by 148 by 39 feet (120 by 45 by 12 metres); there is also a “Little Hall.” The cave floor is an ice sheet 66 feet (20 metres)…

Austin Dobson was an English poet, critic, and biographer whose love and knowledge of the 18th century lent a graceful elegance to his poetry and inspired his critical studies. Educated in Strasbourg, France, Dobson became in 1856 a civil servant at the British Board of Trade, where he remained

Frank Dobson was an English sculptor who was influential in the promotion and development of modern sculpture in England. The son of a commercial artist, Dobson studied art in Arbroath, Scotland, from 1906 to 1910 and then at the City and Guilds of London Art School until 1912. In his early

Austin Dobson was an English poet, critic, and biographer whose love and knowledge of the 18th century lent a graceful elegance to his poetry and inspired his critical studies. Educated in Strasbourg, France, Dobson became in 1856 a civil servant at the British Board of Trade, where he remained

Focus on the Family: …American evangelical Christian and psychologist James Dobson. The organization grew to include daily and weekly radio broadcasts and launched a print magazine (1983), Adventures in Odyssey children’s radio drama (1987), a syndicated newspaper column authored by Dobson (1992), a website (1997), and subsidiary ministries in countries throughout the world. Dobson…

Encyclopædia Britannica: Third edition: Thomas Dobson, a printer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, published a reprint titled simply Encyclopædia (which he called the first American edition), with some parts rewritten to correct British bias. James Moore’s Dublin reprint (1791–97) was an exact reproduction of the third edition, with the addition of…

William Dobson was an English portrait painter, one of the first distinguished native English painters. While an apprentice to a stationer and picture dealer, the young Dobson began to copy the pictures of Titian and Anthony Van Dyck and also to draw pictures from life. Van Dyck, happening to pass

dobsonfly, any of a group of insects in the subfamily Corydalinae (order Megaloptera) that are usually large and have four net-veined wings of similar size and shape. Dobsonflies are found in North and South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. Nine genera of dobsonflies, containing several dozen

Dobuni, an ancient British tribe centred on the confluence of the Severn and Avon rivers. The Dobuni, who were ruled by a Belgic aristocracy, apparently made peace with the Roman emperor Claudius (reigned ad 41–54). Later, Corinium (Cirencester) was made the capital, and it soon became the second

Dobuni, an ancient British tribe centred on the confluence of the Severn and Avon rivers. The Dobuni, who were ruled by a Belgic aristocracy, apparently made peace with the Roman emperor Claudius (reigned ad 41–54). Later, Corinium (Cirencester) was made the capital, and it soon became the second

myocardial perfusion imaging: …intravenous injection of the drug dobutamine while monitoring the effects via echocardiography. By using dobutamine echocardiography, the heart condition of frail patients and those who have heart disease or physical limitations that preclude exercise can be evaluated. Dobutamine induces the same changes in the heart that would occur during a…

sore mouth, viral disease of sheep and goats. The disease is characterized by the emergence of blisters, pustules, ulcers, and scabs on the lips especially but also on the face, the ears, and sometimes the legs. In severe cases, sores form inside the mouth. Sores may also appear on the teats of

Larry Doby was an American baseball player, the second African American player in the major leagues and the first in the American League when he joined the Cleveland Indians in 1947. The son of a semipro baseball player, Doby excelled at baseball, basketball, and football, earning an athletic

Larry Doby was an American baseball player, the second African American player in the major leagues and the first in the American League when he joined the Cleveland Indians in 1947. The son of a semipro baseball player, Doby excelled at baseball, basketball, and football, earning an athletic

Native American: The population of Native America: In 1966 ethnohistorian Henry Dobyns estimated that there were between 9,800,000 and 12,200,000 people north of the Rio Grande before contact; in 1983 he revised that number upward to 18,000,000 people.

Stephen Dobyns is an American poet and novelist whose works are characterized by a cool realism laced with pungent wit. Dobyns attended Shimer College, Mount Carroll, Illinois, and graduated from Wayne State University (B.A., 1964), Detroit, Michigan, and the University of Iowa (M.F.A., 1967), Iowa

Theodosius Dobzhansky was a Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionist whose work had a major influence on 20th-century thought and research on genetics and evolutionary theory. The son of a mathematics teacher, Dobzhansky attended the University of Kiev (1917–21), where he remained to teach.

U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC), executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for programs and policies relating to international trade, national economic growth, and technological advancement. Established in 1913, it administers the Bureau of the Census, the National Oceanic and

Frank Perry: Perry next directed “Doc” (1971), a debunking of the Wyatt Earp–Doc Holliday legend. The western, which was written by Pete Hamill, starred Stacy Keach, Harris Yulin, and Faye Dunaway. Next was Play It As It Lays (1972), an adaptation of a novel by Joan

Doc Savage, American pulp magazine character created by Lester Dent for Street & Smith Publications in 1933. He is considered by many to be the first superhero. Following on the heels of the Shadow—Street & Smith’s first ongoing pulp character—Dr. Clark Savage, Jr., was meant to be the ideal hero.

Doccia porcelain, porcelain produced at a factory near Florence founded by Marchese Carlo Ginori in 1735; until 1896 the enterprise operated under the name Doccia, since then under the name Richard-Ginori. After an initial experimental period, during which he imported Chinese porcelain samples,