surfperch, any of 23 species of fishes of the family Embiotocidae (order Perciformes). Surfperches are found in the North Pacific Ocean; three or four species are native to Japanese waters, but all others are confined to the North American coast, mostly off California. One species, the tule perch

Askr and Embla, in Norse mythology, the first man and first woman, respectively, parents of the human race. They were created from tree trunks found on the seashore by three gods—Odin and his two brothers, Vili and Ve (some sources name the gods Odin, Hoenir, and Lodur). From each creator Askr and

emblem book, collection of symbolic pictures, usually accompanied by mottoes and expositions in verse and often also by a prose commentary. Derived from the medieval allegory and bestiary, the emblem book emerged as a pictorial-literary genre in western Europe during the 16th century and became

emblema, central panel with figure representations—people, animals, and other objects—or occasionally another featured design motif in a Hellenistic or Roman mosaic. Emblemata were usually executed in opus vermiculatum, very fine work with tiny tesserae (stone, ceramic glass, or other hard cubes),

grass finch: The painted finch (Emblema, formerly Zonaeginthus, pictus) is red and brown, with white-spotted black underparts.

emblema, central panel with figure representations—people, animals, and other objects—or occasionally another featured design motif in a Hellenistic or Roman mosaic. Emblemata were usually executed in opus vermiculatum, very fine work with tiny tesserae (stone, ceramic glass, or other hard cubes),

emblem book: and humanist Andrea Alciato, whose Emblemata was first printed in Augsburg in 1531. It was written in Latin and later appeared in translation and in more than 150 editions. The Plantin press specialized in emblem literature, publishing at Antwerp in 1564 the Emblemata of the Hungarian physician and historian Johannes…

Francis Quarles: …religious poet remembered for his Emblemes, the most notable emblem book in English.

Australia has a federal form of government, with a central government and six constituent states—New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. Each state has its own government, which exercises a limited degree of sovereignty. There are also two internal

Phyllanthus: …100 tiny alternating leaves, the emblic, or myrobalan (P. emblica), gives the impression of a hemlock. Its acid-tasting yellow or reddish fruits are prescribed in traditional Indian medicine as a tonic. The leaves and bark contain tannin, utilized for tanning and as a colour concentrator in dyeing. The dried fruit…

Brassicales: Other families: …also contains only one species, Emblingia calceoliflora, which is native to western Australia. It is a rather coarsely hairy subshrub, with very curious flowers borne in the leaf axils. There is some controversy over the morphology of these flowers, which are zygomorphic and held upside down. The sepals are fused,…

War of the Emboabas, (1708–09), conflict in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between the original settlers from São Paulo (Paulistas) and new settlers called emboabas, who were mostly European immigrants. In the late 17th century the Paulistas had opened gold mines in Minas Gerais and soon

embolism, obstruction of the flow of blood by an embolus, a particle or aggregate of substance that is abnormally present in the bloodstream. The substance may be a blood clot that has broken loose from its point of formation (while it is still adherent to the vessel at the point where it was

drug: Drugs affecting blood: …clot becomes known as an embolus. An embolus travels in the bloodstream and may become lodged in an artery, blocking (occluding) blood flow. This can lead to heart attack or stroke. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and fibrinolytic drugs all affect the clotting process to some degree;

Boma, city and port on the Congo River estuary, southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies 60 miles (100 km) from the Atlantic Ocean. One of the nation’s oldest communities, it was a trading centre and slave market before the middle of the 19th century. In 1886 Boma became the capital

raised work, form of embroidery practiced in England in the 17th century, characterized by biblical and mythological scenes of padded plants, animals, birds, and the like in high relief. Panels, which were used as pictures or decorative coverings for mirror frames, caskets, and so on, were

embossing, art of producing raised patterns on the surface of metal, leather, textiles, paper, and other similar substances. Strictly speaking, the term is applicable only to raised impressions produced by means of engraved dies or plates. Crests, monograms, and addresses may be embossed on paper

Barry Lopez: …About This Life (1998), and Embrace Fearlessly the Burning World (2022), the latter of which was published posthumously. In Horizon (2019) Lopez recounted his various travels. In addition, he authored books for young adults on natural history.

Naomi Kawase: …first effort, Ni tsutsumarete (1992; Embracing), documented her search to find her father, whom she had not seen since her parents divorced during her early childhood. Her second film, Katatsumori (1994), was a portrait of her grandmother, who had helped to rear Kawase. Turning to full-length features, Kawase directed as…

Embriaci Family, a powerful Genoese family, whose members played notable roles in the Crusades in the Holy Land in the 11th and 12th centuries. Guglielmo Embriaco and his brother Primo di Castello sailed for the Holy Land in 1099 and participated in the capture of Jerusalem and the defeat of an

embroidery, art of decorating material, primarily textile fabric, by means of a needle and thread (and sometimes fine wire). The basic techniques include crewel work, needlepoint, cross-stitch embroidery, and quilting, as well as quillwork and featherwork. Ancient Egyptian tomb paintings show that

textile: Yarns used in handwork: Embroidery floss, used in hand embroidery, generally has low twist, is of the ply or cord type, and is made of such smooth filaments as silk and rayon. Yarn used for crocheting is frequently a loose cotton cord type; and darning yarns are usually loosely…

Wayne Embry is an American professional basketball player and the first African American to serve as the general manager of a professional sports franchise. A native of Ohio, Embry starred for the Miami (of Ohio) University basketball team (which retired his jersey) before becoming a member of the

Wayne Embry is an American professional basketball player and the first African American to serve as the general manager of a professional sports franchise. A native of Ohio, Embry starred for the Miami (of Ohio) University basketball team (which retired his jersey) before becoming a member of the

morphology: Embryology: The development of the seed plant is basically different from that of an animal. The egg cell of a seed plant is retained within the enlarged lower part, or ovary, of the seed-bearing organ (pistil) of a flower. Two sperm nuclei pass through a structure called a pollen tube…

embryo, the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child until the end of the seventh week following conception; from the eighth week the unborn child is called a fetus. A brief treatment of

horticulture: Grafting: Embryo culture has been used to produce plants from embryos that would not normally develop within the fruit. This occurs in early-ripening peaches and in some hybridization between species. Embryo culture can also be used to circumvent seed dormancy.

embryo, the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child until the end of the seventh week following conception; from the eighth week the unborn child is called a fetus. A brief treatment of

angiosperm: General characteristics: gametophyte of angiosperms (called the embryo sac) is tiny and contains only a few (typically eight) nuclei; the cytoplasm associated more or less directly with these nuclei is not partitioned by cell walls. One of the several nuclei of the embryo sac serves as the egg in sexual reproduction, uniting…

cloning: Reproductive cloning: …years through the process of embryo splitting, in which a single early-stage two-cell embryo is manually divided into two individual cells and then grows as two identical embryos. Reproductive cloning techniques underwent significant change in the 1990s, following the birth of Dolly, who was generated through the process of SCNT.…

cryopreservation: In the process of frozen embryo transfer, the embryos are thawed and implanted into the woman’s uterus. Frozen embryo transfer is associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of childhood cancer among children born from such embryos.

embryo, the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child until the end of the seventh week following conception; from the eighth week the unborn child is called a fetus. A brief treatment of

embryology, the study of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus. Before widespread use of the microscope and the advent of cellular biology in the 19th century, embryology was based on descriptive and comparative studies. From the time of the Greek philosopher Aristotle it was debated

nephroblastoma, malignant renal (kidney) tumour of early childhood. In 75 percent of the cases, the tumour grows before the age of five; about two-thirds of the instances are apparent by two years of age. The tumour grows rapidly and can approach the weight of the rest of the body. It rarely

cloning: Early cloning experiments: …monkey through a process called embryonic cell nuclear transfer, which is similar to SCNT except that it uses DNA from an undifferentiated embryo. In 2007 macaque monkey embryos were cloned by SCNT, but those clones lived only to the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. It was more than 10 years…

human nervous system: Neuronal development: …into what is called the embryonic disk. The embryonic disk soon acquires three layers: the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer), and endoderm (inner layer). Within the mesoderm grows the notochord, an axial rod that serves as a temporary backbone. Both the mesoderm and notochord release a chemical that instructs

stem cell: Embryonic germ cells: Embryonic germ (EG) cells, derived from primordial germ cells found in the gonadal ridge of a late embryo, have many of the properties of embryonic stem cells. The primordial germ cells in an embryo develop into stem cells that in an adult…

embryo, the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child until the end of the seventh week following conception; from the eighth week the unborn child is called a fetus. A brief treatment of

human nervous system: Neuronal development: …into what is called the embryonic disk. The embryonic disk soon acquires three layers: the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer), and endoderm (inner layer). Within the mesoderm grows the notochord, an axial rod that serves as a temporary backbone. Both the mesoderm and notochord release a chemical that instructs

stem cell: Embryonic stem cells: Embryonic stem cells (often referred to as ES cells) are stem cells that are derived from the inner cell mass of a mammalian embryo at a very early stage of development, when it is composed of a hollow sphere of dividing cells…

plant, (kingdom Plantae), any multicellular eukaryotic life-form characterized by (1) photosynthetic nutrition (a characteristic possessed by all plants except some parasitic plants and underground orchids), in which chemical energy is produced from water, minerals, and carbon dioxide with the aid

Sir Gavin de Beer: In Embryos and Ancestors (1940) he developed the concept of paedomorphosis, the retention in the adult of juvenile or infantile characteristics of ancestors, in opposition to phylogenetic recapitulation, the theory that an organism during embryonic development repeats the adult stages of its ancestors. He then suggested…

Embu, town, central Kenya, located at an elevation of about 4,400 feet (1,350 metres) about 24 miles (40 km) south of Mount Kenya National Park (which surrounds Mount Kenya). Embu was founded by the British in 1906. Missionary activity increased in the 1930s, and several schools were established.

Philip Embury was an Irish-American preacher and one of the founders of Methodism in the United States. Converted after a religious experience on Christmas Day, 1752, Embury was soon recognized as a potential leader and was licensed as a local preacher. He emigrated to America in 1760 and settled

drug use: Extent of contemporary drug abuse: …organized and maintained by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). The information provided by the EMCDDA is used by the European Union and its member states to assess the extent of drug use across the region and to identify patterns of drug flow between countries.

Emden, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies near the Ems River estuary and the North Sea coast of Ostfriesland (East Frisia). Founded about 800, it developed as a port for trade with the Baltic countries. It became the capital of the county of Ostfriesland in the 15th

Jacob Israel Emden was a rabbi and Talmudic scholar primarily known for his lengthy quarrel with Rabbi Jonathan Eybeschütz (q.v.), an antagonism that sundered European Jewry. Emden was thoroughly trained as a scholar of the Talmud, the rabbinical compendium of law, lore, and commentary. Emden

Robert Emden was a physicist and astrophysicist who developed a theory of expansion and compression of gas spheres and applied it to stellar structure. In 1889 Emden was appointed to the Technical University of Munich, where he became professor of physics and meteorology in 1907. His famous book

eye movement and desensitization reprocessing therapy (EMDR), psychotherapy technique using visual bilateral stimulation—such as watching a light or an object move in a rhythmic pattern that triggers activity in both sides of the brain—to reduce distress associated with traumatic memories and life

Mexican Mafia, prison gang and street gang network in the United States, centred in southern California but active in 13 states. The Mexican Mafia, which is one of the largest and deadliest prison gangs, is known for its secrecy and code of silence, for uncompromising violence, for its antipathy

Buchi Emecheta was an Igbo writer whose novels deal largely with the difficult and unequal role of women in both immigrant and African societies and explore the tension between tradition and modernity. Emecheta married at age 16, and she emigrated with her husband from Nigeria to London in 1962.

Buchi Emecheta was an Igbo writer whose novels deal largely with the difficult and unequal role of women in both immigrant and African societies and explore the tension between tradition and modernity. Emecheta married at age 16, and she emigrated with her husband from Nigeria to London in 1962.

Sichuan: Cultural life: …irrigation system but also the Mount Emei area and the Jiuzhai River valley. Mount Emei, in the south-central Daxiang Mountains, is one of the four sacred mountains of Chinese Buddhism; it reaches an elevation of 10,167 feet (3,099 metres) at Wanfo Summit. The mountain and the Leshan Giant Buddha (carved…

moa: …lesser moa formed the family Emeidae, with about two-thirds of the species in the order. The greater moa, in the family Dinornithidae, included the giants of the order. The fossil record for moa is poor; the earliest remains are regarded as originating in the Late Miocene Age (11.6 million to…

textual criticism: Emendation: ” The attempt to restore the transmitted text to its authentic state is called emendation. There will usually be a chronological gap, sometimes of several centuries, between the archetype, or earliest inferable state of the text, and the original; nearly all manuscripts of classical authors…

Enugu: …is the industrial estate of Emene, where steel rods, asbestos cement products, and oxygen and acetylene gases are manufactured. Enugu has a railway workshop, a vehicle assembly plant, furniture and pottery factories, a sawmill, and smaller textile and foodstuff enterprises. It is a trade centre for the yams, cassava (manioc),…

pottery: Stoneware: …made in Raeren brownware by Jan Emens, surnamed Mennicken, in the last quarter of the 16th century. Emens also worked in the gray body that was used at Raeren at the turn of the century, employing blue pigment to enhance the decoration. At a later date, blue and manganese pigments…

Jordan Valley, rift valley in the Middle East in southwestern Asia, located along the Jordan River and along Jordan’s western border with Israel and the West Bank. The depression drops more than 1,400 feet (430 meters) below sea level at the Dead Sea, the lowest natural point on Earth’s surface. A

H̱ula Valley, valley in upper Galilee, northeastern Israel. The valley occupies most of the course of the Jordan River north of the Sea of Galilee. It is bounded by Dan and the settlement of Maʿyan Barukh (north), the Golan Heights (east), and the Hills of Naphtali (west), and on the south it

Plain of Esdraelon, lowland in northern Israel, dividing the hilly areas of Galilee in the north and Samaria (in the Israeli-occupied West Bank) in the south. Esdraelon is the Greek derivation of the Hebrew Yizreʿel, meaning “God will sow” or “May God make fruitful,” an allusion to the fertility of

Emerald, town, central Queensland, Australia, located on the Nogoa River at the junction of the Capricorn and Gregory highways. It lies about 170 miles (275 km) west of Rockhampton and 570 miles (920 km) northwest of Brisbane. Peter MacDonald, a former gold prospector and early settler, established

emerald, grass-green variety of beryl (q.v.) that is highly valued as a gemstone. The name comes indirectly from the Greek smaragdos, a name that seems to have been given to a number of stones having little in common except a green colour; Pliny’s smaragdus undoubtedly included several distinct

emerald ash borer, (Agrilus planipennis), species of beetle (order Coleoptera, family Buprestidae) that is native to East Asia and became a serious pest of ash trees (Fraxinus) in North America. The insect naturally occurs in China, eastern Russia, Mongolia, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea and was

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is a beetle (order Coleoptera, family Buprestidae) responsible for the deaths of hundreds of millions of ash trees in the U.S. and Canada. It is native to East Asia, including China, Russia, Mongolia, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. The insect was introduced to

Emerald Buddha, statue of the Buddha carved of green jasper and dating from around the 15th century. The Emerald Buddha was originally at a temple in the town of Chiang Rai (now in Northern Thailand) until 1436, when it was removed to Chiang Mai. It was kept there until Setthathirat I, king of

Jennifer Egan: Her short-story collection Emerald City (1996) was also inspired by her European travels.

Diane Wakoski: (1988), Medea the Sorceress (1991), The Emerald City of Las Vegas (1995), Argonaut Rose (1998), Bay of Angels (2013), and Lady of Light (2018). The Butcher’s Apron (2000) features poems about food. Wakoski also published several essay collections.

The Wizard of Oz: Plot summary: …road that runs to the Emerald City, where it is said that a powerful wizard will be able to grant her wish to return home.

John Boorman: From Deliverance to Hope and Glory: …as visually distinctive—and oddly mystical—was The Emerald Forest (1985), the story of a boy (Charley Boorman, John’s son, in a strong performance) who is kidnapped and raised by an Amazonian tribe until his father (Powers Boothe) finds him after a 10-year search. The film was inspired by a true story.

brilliant green, a triphenylmethane dye of the malachite-green series (see malachite green) used in dilute solution as a topical antiseptic. Brilliant green is effective against gram-positive microorganisms. It has also been used to dye silk and wool. It occurs as small, shiny, golden crystals

Diane Wakoski: Later collections included Emerald Ice: Selected Poems 1962–1987 (1988), Medea the Sorceress (1991), The Emerald City of Las Vegas (1995), Argonaut Rose (1998), Bay of Angels (2013), and Lady of Light (2018). The Butcher’s Apron (2000) features poems about

Natchez Trace Parkway: …along its Mississippi route are Emerald Mound (c. 1400), the country’s second largest ceremonial mound, built by ancestors of the Natchez; the restored Mount Locust Inn (c. 1780); the Bynum Mounds (c. 100 bce–200 ce); and Chickasaw Village (formerly Ackia Battleground), with exhibits on Chickasaw history and daily life. Napier…

Boston: The Emerald Necklace: When the Back Bay was nearing completion during the 1880s, the American landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted developed an imaginative large-scale design for the city’s parks. It linked the common, the Public Garden, and Commonwealth Avenue with Franklin Park south of Roxbury by…

alchemy: Arabic alchemy: …on a different work, the Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistos, the reputed Hellenistic author of various alchemical, occultic, and theological works. Beginning “That which is above is like to that which is below, and that which is below is like to that which is above,” it is brief, theoretical, and…

boa: 8-metre (6-foot) emerald tree boa (Corallus caninus) of tropical South America; the adult is green above, with a white dorsal stripe and crossbars, and yellow below. The rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria) of Costa Rica to Argentina is not strongly patterned but is markedly iridescent. Except for the…

emergence, in evolutionary theory, the rise of a system that cannot be predicted or explained from antecedent conditions. George Henry Lewes, the 19th-century English philosopher of science, distinguished between resultants and emergents—phenomena that are predictable from their constituent parts

creation myth: Creation through emergence: In contrast to the creation by a supreme sky deity, there is another type of creation myth in which the creation seems to emerge through its own inner power from under the earth. In this genre of myth, the created order emerges gradually in…

Canada: The Freedom Convoy and the NDP-Liberal confidence-and-supply agreement: …the situation by invoking the Emergencies Act for the first time in Canadian history. The act granted the federal government broad powers to restore order, allowing for the imposition of fines, the arrest and incarceration of protesters, and the towing of vehicles. By February 21 nearly 200 protesters had been…

emergency alert systems, national public warning systems used by local authorities to deliver important information to affected citizens and communities in an emergency, such as a natural disaster or child abduction. Alerts are activated by government officials and emergency management personnel

Werner Heisenberg: Postwar years: …with the older, now re-established Emergency Association for German Science, whose approach preserved the traditional primacy of the various German states in cultural and educational matters. In 1951 the Research Council merged with the Emergency Association to form the German Research Association. Beginning in 1952, Heisenberg was instrumental in Germany’s…

United States: The first New Deal: …he submitted to Congress an Emergency Banking Bill authorizing government to strengthen, reorganize, and reopen solvent banks. The House passed the bill by acclamation, sight unseen, after only 38 minutes of debate. That night the Senate passed it unamended, 73 votes to 7. On March 12 Roosevelt announced that, on…

Albert Einstein: Personal sorrow, World War II, and the atomic bomb: …bomb under control, forming the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists.

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA), legislation passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by Pres. George W. Bush on Oct. 3, 2008. It was designed to prevent the collapse of the U.S. financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis, a severe contraction of liquidity in

Ignazio Silone: In Uscita di sicurezza (1965; Emergency Exit, 1968), Silone describes his shifts from Socialism to Communism to Christianity. A play, L’avventura d’un povero cristiano (published 1968; The Story of a Humble Christian, 1970), depicts the life of the 13th-century pope Celestine V, focussing on the conflict between the demands of…

marketing: Convenience goods: …of convenience product is the emergency good, which is purchased when there is an urgent need. Such goods include umbrellas and snow shovels, and these are usually distributed at a wide variety of outlets so that they will be readily available when necessary.

Detroit: History of Detroit: … in 2009, to be Detroit’s emergency manager. Orr was granted wide-ranging executive powers to deal with the city’s $19 billion debt, but he was unable to reach an agreement with the city’s creditors; chief among them were the holders of municipal bonds and the public employees who were entitled to…

instant messaging: …IM as part of the Emergency Management Information Systems and Reference Index (EMISARI) for the Office of Emergency Preparedness. Its original purpose was to help exchange information which would aid the U.S. government during emergencies. One of EMISARI’s first uses was to facilitate communication among government officials to assist the…

paramedical personnel: practitioners, physician’s assistants, and emergency medical technicians. These paramedical workers perform routine diagnostic procedures, such as the taking of blood samples, and therapeutic procedures, such as administering injections or suturing wounds; they also relieve physicians of making routine health assessments and taking medical histories. Paramedical training generally prepares individuals…

emergency medicine, medical specialty emphasizing the immediacy of treatment of acutely ill or injured individuals. Among the factors that influenced the growth of emergency medicine was the increasing specialization in other areas of medicine. With the shift away from general practice—especially

diagnosis: Emergency: Of greatest importance in an emergency is the evaluation of systems that are essential to sustaining life—namely, the circulatory, respiratory, and central nervous systems. A person in distress should be checked to determine whether breathing is normal or at least whether there is adequate…

Environmental Protection Agency: …saw the development of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), which allowed local communities to know the nature of the toxic chemicals produced by industries in their areas and assisted communities in developing emergency plans to deal with hazardous substance releases and exposures.

emergency powers, extraordinary powers invoked as a means of resolving a crisis or protecting a political regime. The need for powers that exceed ordinary limits emerged along with the concept of limited republican, or constitutional, government in ancient Rome. When confronted with a direct threat

James Blish: …his first short story, “Emergency Refueling,” was published in Super Science Stories in 1940. He received a bachelor’s degree in zoology from Rutgers University in 1942 and served in the U.S. Army from 1942 to 1944. After his discharge he attended graduate school at Columbia University but left in…

Reconstruction Finance Corporation: With the passage of the Emergency Relief Act in July 1932, its scope was broadened to include aid to agriculture and financing for state and local public works.

United States: Relief: In 1935 the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act provided almost $5,000,000,000 to create work for some 3,500,000 persons. The Public Works Administration (PWA), established in 1933, provided jobs on long-term construction projects, and the Civilian Conservation Corps put 2,500,000 young men to work planting or otherwise improving huge tracts…

dictatorship: The proclamation of emergency rule, for example, was the beginning of the dictatorships of Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, Kemal Atatürk in Turkey, Józef Piłsudṣki in Poland, and António de Oliveira Salazar in Portugal. In other democracies, however,

the Emergency, period of 21 months (June 1975–March 1977) in India during which emergency powers were applied across the country at the behest of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party). The Emergency has been widely condemned for its curtailment of civil

emergence: …science, distinguished between resultants and emergents—phenomena that are predictable from their constituent parts and those that are not (e.g., a physical mixture of sand and talcum powder as contrasted with a chemical compound such as salt, which looks nothing like sodium or chlorine). The evolutionary account of life is a…

“Flying” Trees: …throughout the world, is an emergent—a tree whose crown rises well above the canopy. The kapok’s towering height enables it to gain access to winds above the canopy. The tiny seeds of the kapok are attached to fine fibres that, when caught by the wind, enable distribution far from the…

emergence, in evolutionary theory, the rise of a system that cannot be predicted or explained from antecedent conditions. George Henry Lewes, the 19th-century English philosopher of science, distinguished between resultants and emergents—phenomena that are predictable from their constituent parts